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The Sexes in Science and History / An inquiry into the dogma of woman's inferiority to man cover

The Sexes in Science and History / An inquiry into the dogma of woman's inferiority to man

Chapter 26: INDEX
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About This Book

A sustained challenge to the dogma of female inferiority that applies evolutionary theory, comparative biology, and cross-cultural evidence to argue that the female organism often represents an advanced line of development. The work critiques scientific prejudices, surveys observed sexual dimorphism and purported male defects, and analyzes how social instincts and moral sensibilities evolved alongside sex differentiation. Drawing on ethnography and historical reconstruction, it traces prehistoric and early historic institutions, including gens, mother-right, marriage origins, and theories of wife capture, to show how male ascendancy emerged. The prose combines theoretical discussion with case studies to reassess assumptions about sex capacity and social consequences.

INDEX

  • A
  • Abipones, their customs, 148;
  • independence of women among, 186
  • Abrotonum, 342
  • Adoption, among early races, 144, 145, 324;
  • symbol of, 146, 147
  • Affection in primitive groups, 126
  • Agamemnon, 256
  • Agnation, 351
  • Ainos, 49
  • Altruism, its development in the female, 17, 67, 86;
  • its development in society, 124, 140
  • Amazonianism, 208
  • Andromache, 283
  • Arabia, organization of society in, 129, 177;
  • marriage in, 179, 181, 182
  • Arawaks, their customs, 147, 174
  • Archonship, 259;
  • its close, 264
  • Areta, 332
  • Aristocracy, its growth among the Greeks, 251, 265-267
  • Aristophanes, his picture of female philosophers, 338
  • Aspasia, preceptress of Socrates, 334;
  • her genius, her teachings, 337-338
  • Assembly of the people, 156;
  • development of the, 251;
  • its duties, 259;
  • its disappearance in Greece, 264;
  • its powers among the Spartans, 293
  • Atavism, 52
  • Athene, her decision concerning paternity, 272
  • Athenian men, their policy, 285;
  • ashamed of their name, 318;
  • their wives Carians, 319;
  • their moral degradation, 323-326
  • Athenian women, imported foreigners, 319;
  • their degradation, 323;
  • their division into classes324;
  • decline of influence among, 329;
  • their reputed licentiousness, 339
  • Auletrides, 325
  • Australians, 230
  • B
  • Babylonian women, 234, 340
  • Basileus, germ of present king, 156;
  • does not correspond to modern monarch, 156, 255, 257;
  • elected by a constituency, 253;
  • abolition of the office of, 259
  • Birds, their courtships, 20-21;
  • aversion of females for certain males among, 20;
  • the female among, chooses her mate, 20, 23, 25, 108;
  • efforts of the male to please the female among, 21;
  • eagerness of the male among, 21, 26, 30;
  • powers of the female among, 27;
  • inheritance of the female among, 29;
  • inheritance of the male among, 29;
  • constancy of the female among, 108
  • Burgesses, 272
  • C
  • Captives, not enslaved in early groups, 145;
  • as sexual slaves, 163, 276
  • Cecrops, 262, 272, 329, 362
  • Chastity of early races, 110, 113, 114, 306
  • Clisthenes, 249, 261
  • Codrus, 249, 259, 264
  • Colour-blindness, 55
  • Common law, the, woman’s position under, 357
  • Communal marriage, 225
  • Concubines, 327
  • Couvade, la, its extent, 148
  • Crates, 334
  • Cuckoos, character of, 69
  • Cynic philosophy, the, its principles, 332
  • D
  • Danaūs, daughters of, 274
  • Deme, establishment of, 249, 260
  • Democracy, of early races, 127;
  • of the early Greeks, 250-251;
  • decay of, 264-265, 267;
  • in ancient Italy, 313
  • Descent, traced through men, 128, 135, 281;
  • in Arabia, 131;
  • in Greece, 133
  • Descent, traced through women, 141, 142, 157, 222;
  • its universality, 228, 311;
  • among the Iroquois Indians, 249;
  • law of, 253;
  • in Lycia, 310
  • Desires, primary, of the male, 20
  • Dicteriades, 327
  • Differentiation, 8, 10, 16, 65
  • Diseases of women, 61;
  • not constitutional, 54
  • Dorians, their conservatism, 285
  • Draco, 266;
  • his laws, 322
  • E
  • Early Christianity, 361
  • Ecclesia, 251
  • Ecclesiasticism, its effect on the position of women, 356-357
  • Egoism, its development in males, 17, 86;
  • not pronounced among earliest races, 125, 140;
  • its development in later ages, 155
  • England in the nineteenth century, 370
  • Epicureans, 333
  • Eupatrids, their cupidity, 264
  • Evolution, individual and historic, 15
  • F
  • Family, the, not the basis of the gens, 246
  • Female, conditions which produce the, 39
  • Fijians, their customs, 116-117;
  • parental affection among, 118
  • Foreign women, as wives, 188, 192, 219;
  • as concubines, 283, 327, 348
  • France, marriage customs in, 172;
  • in the nineteenth century, 370
  • G
  • Gaius, 353
  • Genealogies traced through fathers, 271
  • Gentile organization, the, universality of, 124;
  • principles established by, 124;
  • democratic character of, 127, 138, 139, 152;
  • unity of, 128;
  • government under, 137, 152, 156, 247;
  • property belonging to, 140;
  • altruistic character of, 140, 157;
  • in Greece, 245;
  • its decay, 260;
  • its final overthrow, 261;
  • in Athens, 262
  • Glycera, 341
  • Government, development of, 248
  • Greek society, its construction, 243, 245
  • H
  • Hairy covering for the body, 49-51
  • Hand, the female, 59
  • Hercules, tradition of, 273
  • Hetairai, a term of reproach, 329;
  • their renown, 330;
  • origin of the word, 338;
  • honoured citizens, 341;
  • judged by masculine standards, 344
  • Hindu law, 352
  • I
  • Infanticide, McLennan’s theory of, 217;
  • not practised by early races, 220;
  • Sir J. Lubbock’s theory of, 226-227
  • Insects, nutrition determines sex, 40;
  • males appear first, 42
  • Iroquois Indians, 137
  • J
  • Justinian Code, 357, 359
  • L
  • Lamia, 326
  • Lance, symbol of property, 181, 312
  • Leontium, 334
  • Life, origin of, 4;
  • earliest forms hermaphrodite, 11, 15
  • Lydian women, 340
  • Lysicles, 336
  • M
  • Magna Charta, 369
  • Man, shorter-lived than woman,
  • 45, 53;
  • imperfections in the organization of, 55-59;
  • superior to woman, Darwin’s theory, 75;
  • assumes the duties of maternity, 147;
  • superior to woman according to edict of Apollo, 199
  • Marriage, origin of, 161;
  • in India, 163;
  • Racshasa, 163;
  • in Arabia, 164, 179, 181, 182;
  • by Confarreatio and Usus, 164, 351;
  • among the Israelites, 165;
  • in Afghanistan, 165;
  • in Greenland, 170;
  • in Nubia, 171;
  • in Sparta, 173;
  • sadica, 179;
  • beena, 180;
  • motă, 181;
  • ba’al, 181, 188, 193;
  • laws of Mohammed, 183, 188;
  • in Japan, 185;
  • in Rome, 189;
  • of the future, 399;
  • rise of the present system of, 197;
  • ceremonies among the Spartans, 310
  • Matter, conservation of, 6
  • Mother-in-law, the, her aversion to sons-in-law, 174, 236
  • N
  • Names, adoption of, 144
  • Nemeas, 341
  • O
  • Ontogeny, 7
  • Oracles of the Greeks controlled by women, 309
  • Organization of society, 123
  • P
  • Pangenesis, 29
  • Parthenogenesis, 38, 40
  • Paternal affection, absence of, among lower orders, 69, 71;
  • not a primary character, 71;
  • absence of, among lower races, 149;
  • absence of, among the Romans, 189, 191
  • Pericles, 335
  • Perpetual tutelage of women, 350
  • Political society, establishment of, 249, 260-261
  • Polyandry, not practised among lower orders, 107
  • Polygamy, rise of, 106, 189
  • Poverty of the masses in Greece, 266
  • Primitive races, promiscuity among, 107, 115, 211;
  • chastity of, 108, 110, 112, 116, 306, 307;
  • morality of, 112, 115, 118;
  • humanity of, 145
  • Property, control of, 140, 221;
  • inheritance of, 141;
  • in early Greece, 250
  • Protection of women in early groups, 112, 117, 146, 178, 186
  • Q
  • Quadrupeds, constancy of the female among, 24-25, 106-107;
  • unions of, not left to chance, 25
  • R
  • Religion of Mohammed, 183
  • Religious idea, 150, 211
  • Reversion, 48, 52
  • Rights of Roman fathers, 191, 313
  • Roman family, the, 312, 349, 352
  • Roman lawyers, 352-353
  • Roman society, its constitution, 243
  • Roman women, 178, 189, 314
  • Rotifera, 38
  • S
  • Sabine women, capture of, 312
  • St. Paul, 361
  • Selection, natural, 7
  • Selection, sexual, Darwin’s theory of, 18;
  • compared
  • with artificial selection, 36;
  • processes of, reversed, 82;
  • lower characters eliminated through, 90
  • Sexes, origin of, 11, 14-15;
  • numerical proportion of, 39, 43, 52
  • Slavery, 145;
  • its extent in the nineteenth century, 369
  • Socialism, 390
  • Socrates, 334-335
  • Solon, his legislation, 320-321;
  • his character, 320, 322
  • Spartan women, their power, 298, 308;
  • they controlled the land, 298;
  • they resisted the laws of Lycurgus, 299;
  • they originated the exercises of the youth, 300, 302;
  • their dress, 303, 305;
  • their influence, 303, 304, 310, 361
  • Spartans, their government, 156;
  • democratic character of their institutions, 252-253;
  • their senate, 286;
  • their morality, 302, 304;
  • adultery unknown among them, 307, 316;
  • election of senators among the, 309, 310
  • Stoic philosophy, the, its principles, 334, 347-348;
  • its effect on Roman law, 348
  • Struggles for mates, 22-23, 64
  • Survival of the fittest, 388
  • Symbols in marriage ceremonies, among the Circassians, 171;
  • in Abyssinia, 172;
  • in Arabia, 172;
  • in Scandinavia, Wales, and Ireland, 173;
  • in Central Africa, 175;
  • in Italy, 176;
  • as explained by McLennan, 216
  • Sympathy, development of, 67
  • T
  • Thargelia, 337
  • Themistia, 334
  • Themistocles, 342
  • Theseus, 260, 271;
  • united the Attic tribes, 262
  • Timotheus, 342
  • Tribe, the, its formation, 126, 153;
  • growth of the governmental idea within, 247
  • Tribes named after women, 273
  • Tyrannies established among the Greeks, 263
  • U
  • Union of tribes in Athens, 262
  • Unisexual forms, development of, 15
  • V
  • Variability denotes low organization, 36
  • Variations in the human body, 47-48
  • Vital force, expenditure of, 32
  • W
  • Wife-capture, among the Israelites, 164;
  • among the Arabians, 177;
  • its extent, 177;
  • McLennan’s theory to account for, 215;
  • Lubbock’s
  • theory of, 224-227;
  • among the Spartans, 310
  • Women, in excess of men, 52;
  • of Greenland, 54;
  • their intuitions, 78;
  • their apparel, 80;
  • of Australia, 111;
  • among the Kaffirs, 111, 146, 187;
  • of early German tribes, 112;
  • of Nubia, 111;
  • of Sumatra, 112;
  • of Tahiti, 116;
  • among the Fijians, 117, 186;
  • among the North American Indians, 139;
  • head of the family, 139, 144, 154;
  • of Arabia, 178-179, 188;
  • of Rome, 178, 190;
  • in Japan, 185;
  • among the Abipones, 186;
  • among the Greeks, 272, 276, 277, 279, 283;
  • under the ancient Roman law, 350;
  • under the middle Roman law, 352-354
  • Y
  • Yavanas, 318
  • Z
  • Zeno, 334
  • Zulus, marriage customs among, 173