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The Sounds of Spoken English: A Manual of Ear Training for English Students / (4th edition) cover

The Sounds of Spoken English: A Manual of Ear Training for English Students / (4th edition)

Chapter 12: FOOTNOTES:
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About This Book

A practical manual presenting ear-training methods and a descriptive account of English speech sounds, aimed at teachers and students. It outlines the physical organs of speech and basic voice production, introduces phonetic transcription using the International Phonetic Association, and offers graded listening and pronunciation exercises, specimen passages, and instructional charts. The author discusses classroom applications for foreign-language teaching, recommends diagnostic listening, and provides phonetic transcriptions and practice material rather than an exhaustive scientific treatment, noting limitations and inviting further study.

FOOTNOTES:

[61] These forms are found, for instance, at the beginning of questions; thus have you been there? is [həv ju bijn ðɛə]. They are also found after vowels, e.g., I had done so, [ai həd dʌn sou].

[62] See the note on p. 72.

[63] When contrasted with inhale, this word is also pronounced [eksheil].

[64] The change in the quality of the vowel is interesting; possibly don't preserves the old pronunciation of the vowel in do.

[65] Strictly speaking the s of the plural was always voiced in the older language, and it is in cats, tips that we have assimilation.

[66] The first d is sometimes heard in the pronunciation of this word.

[67] It should, however, be noted that in passing from [m] to [t] there is a transitional sound or "glide" which has the value of a faint [p].

[68] The c in victuals and indict has no etymological justification, as may be seen from the middle English spelling (vitaille, endite).

[69] For syllabic m see § 22; for syllabic n, § 24; for syllabic l, § 33.

[70] The mark ´ precedes the stressed syllable.


APPENDIX I
Exercises.

1. How is -ious pronounced in gracious, bilious, victorious?

2. How is -ion pronounced in motion, onion, criterion, vision, and Ionian?

3. How is -ial pronounced in labial, judicial, martial, partiality?

4. What difference in pronunciation, if any, do you make between hire and higher, lyre and liar, cure and (s)kewer, alms and arms?

5. Consider the value of oar in roar and in roaring, and the value of air in pair and in pairing.

6. Determine the vowel sounds corresponding to the italicized letters in child, children; woman, women; read (infinitive), read (past participle); say, says; dream, dreamed; leap, leaped; hear, heard; can, can't; do, don't; gentleman, gentlemen.

7. Write in transcript the words italicized:

a. I have learned much from this learned man.

b. He has aged a good deal. He is aged.

c. I used to use it; you used it too.

Try to account for the pronunciation of used in the sense of "was accustomed" (see § 49).

8. Transcribe your pronunciation of halfpenny, twopence, threepence. Show the difference between the English and the French pronunciation of franc, and between the English and the German pronunciation of mark.

9. A waiter was heard to remark pathetically that he never could tell whether a customer wanted "cold lamb" or "cold ham." What caused his uncertainty?

10. The pronunciation of the children of Walworth attending the Church schools has given much concern to Canon Horsley, who says that in their speech "I've been to take her home" becomes "binter tiker rome," "Oh, shake hands" becomes "ow shy cans," and "I've been having a game" becomes "binnavinagime." Consider the pronunciation suggested by this rough transcription, transcribe it more carefully, and comment on such features of the Walworth dialect as it illustrates.

11. You are familiar with the term "alliteration," and know that it is a favourite device of cheap journalism. Criticise the alliteration in the following scare-lines: CITY CLERK CHASED. THIEF TAKEN. SOLICITOR SHOT.

12. Mention words in which the following letters are written but not sounded: b, g, gh, k, l, m, n, t, w.

13. Comment on the following statement: "The letters l and r are called trills, because there is a vibration in the sounds, or in some part of the vocal apparatus by which we pronounce them."

14. Consider this statement: "The ai in fair, ea in lead, ie in field, ei in receive, are none of them true diphthongs; they are more or less clumsy ways of showing the length of an elementary vowel-sound."

15. "English has two e sounds, as in fed, feed, and four u sounds, as in but, pull, fur, fool." Do you agree with this?

16. Why does crystal look nicer than kristle, which represents the same sounds? Account for such spellings as Edythe, Smythe, Whyte.

17. Say quickly but distinctly:

She sells sea-shells in a salt-fish shop.

Is Stephen Smith's son a smith too?

How many houses had Harry Hall?

Long and loudly little Lily laughed.

The skilled dentist extracted the three teeth.

Do you want the thick thread or the thin?

In silence he sat on the sands by the silvery sea.

A boat is floating over the ocean.

With a loud shout he came out of the house.

The first question Charles asked was strange.

Three grey geese in the green grass grazing.

18. Discuss the old-fashioned form of address "mine host." Do you say "an historical novel"? "a (or an) hotel at Folkestone"? How do you pronounce "the Grand Hotel"? Transcribe your pronunciation of "I gave her her hat."

19. What is the derivation of ventriloquist? Does the term correctly indicate the way in which ventriloquists produce their sounds? Which sounds do you think most likely to give them difficulty?

20. In the French of the 12th century l under certain circumstances became a vowel; thus altre became autre and chevals became chevaus. How do you explain this change? Point to a similar change in English.

21. How would you teach a foreigner to pronounce the English th sounds?

22. Little children say pease for please, gamma or granma for grandma, dess for dress, tocking for stocking. Illustrate the tendency shown in these examples from the speech of grown-up people.

23. Comment on the little child's pronunciation of tsain for chain, fee for three, noder for another, and bafyoom for bathroom.

24. Consider carefully the question, why the pronunciation of a foreign language presents difficulties; draw on any foreign language you know for illustrations.

25. The Latin camera is our chamber, numerus our number, Latin humilis our humble, Latin similare our (re)semble. Account for the b in the English words.

26. Consider the value of ure in sure, pure, nature, figure.

27. What light is thrown on the pronunciation of the past by the following quotations:

(a) While he, withdrawn, at their mad labour smiles,
And safe enjoys the Sabbath of his toils. (Dryden.)
(b) Dreading even fools, by flatterers besieg'd,
And so obliging that he ne'er oblig'd. (Pope.)
(c) Cóntemplate is bad enough, but bálcony makes me sick. (Rogers.)
(d) The dame, of manner various, temper fickle,
Now all for pleasure, now the conventicle. (Colman.)
(e) There is little doubt that in the pronunciation of successor the antepenultimate accent will prevail. (Walker.)
(f) To ketch [catch] him at a vantage in his snares. (Spenser.)
(g) Yet he was kind, or, if severe in aught,
The love he bore to learning was in fault. (Goldsmith.)

28. Determine which sounds are represented by ea in the following words: bear, beard, bread, bead, yea, create, realm, leap, leapt, hearken; and by eo in the following words: yeoman, people, leopard, re-open.

29. Determine which sounds are represented by oi in the following words: boil, heroic, choir, tortoise, turquoise, coincide; and by ou in the following words: south, southern, mourn, journal, though, thought, uncouth.

30. Determine which sounds are represented by g in the following words: gem, goal, gaol, gill, gibberish, fatigue, gnaw; and by ough in the following words: trough, through, thorough, sough, cough, rough, plough, lough.

31. A character in one of Miss Braddon's novels says: "Supernumery—it's no use, I don't think anybody ever did know how many syllables there are in that word." What is it that leads to the shortening of this word in uneducated speech? Mention similar cases of shortening.


APPENDIX II
Lists of Words with Phonetic Transcription.

Note.

The accent shows that the following syllable has the chief stress.

As these lists are intended for the use of English students, it has been thought sufficient to let [e] represent the first vowel sound and [i] the second vowel sound in very.

The variation in length of [ij] and other diphthongs and of [m, n, l], etc., has not been indicated.

Words which have occurred in the text of the book are not repeated here.

When two pronunciations are given, both may be considered as common; the first is generally to be preferred. If, however, a pronunciation is enclosed in brackets, it is to be regarded as faulty.

A. General.

  • abdomen, æb´doumən (´æbdomən)
  • ab initio, ´æb i´niʃiou, -jou
  • abscission, æb´siʒən
  • acacia, ə´keiʃə
  • accent (subst.), ´æksənt, ´æksent; (verb) æk´sent
  • acclimatize, ´æklimətaiz, ə´klaimetaiz
  • accolade, ´ækɔleid
  • accoutre, ə´kuwtə
  • acetic, ə´sijtik, -se-
  • acoustics, ə´kaustiks (ə´kuwstiks)
  • acrobat, ´ækrobæt
  • adage, ´ædidʒ
  • adept, ´ædept, ə´dept
  • adieu, ə´djuw
  • ad infinitum, ´æd infi´naitəm
  • admirable, ´ædmirəbl
  • admiration, ædmi´reiʃən
  • ad nauseam, ´æd ´nɔːsiæm, -jæm
  • ado, ə´duw
  • adult, ´ædʌlt, ə´dʌlt
  • ad valorem, æd və´lɔːrem
  • advantageous, ædvən´teidʒəs, ædvæn´teidʒəs
  • advertisement, əd´vəːtizmənt
  • aegis, ´ijdʒis
  • aegrotat, i´groutæt
  • aerated, ´ɛːəreitid
  • aerial, ɛ´eriəl, ɛ´iːəriəl
  • aerie, ´ɛːri, ´iːəri
  • aeronaut, ´ɛːronɔːt
  • aesthetics, ij´sθetiks (e´sθetiks)
  • a fortiori, ´ei fɔː´ʃjɔːrai
  • again, ə´gen, ə´gein
  • against, ə´genst, ə´geinst
  • aged (adj.), ´eidʒid
  • aggrandizement, ə´grændizmənt
  • aghast, ə´gɑːst
  • agile, ´ædʒail
  • ague, ´eigjuw
  • aisle, ´ail
  • albeit, ´ɔːlbijit
  • algebra, ´ældʒibrə
  • alibi, ´ælibai
  • alienate, ´eiljəneit
  • allegiance, ə´lijdʒəns
  • allegro, ə´legrou, -leig-
  • allot, ə´lɔt
  • alloy, ə´lɔi
  • ally, ə´lai
  • almanac, ´ɔːlmənæk
  • also, ´ɔːlsou, ´ɔlsou
  • always, ´ɔːlwiz, -wəz, -weiz
  • amateur, ´æmətəː, ´æmətʃuə
  • amenity, ə´meniti
  • among, ə´mʌŋ (ə´mɔŋ)
  • anæmic, ə´nijmik
  • anarchist, ´ænəkist
  • anarchy, ´ænəki, ´ænɑːki
  • anchovy, æn´tʃouvi
  • anemone, ə´neməni
  • angina, æn´dʒainə
  • anglice, ´æŋglisi
  • ant, ´ænt (´ɑːnt)
  • antipodes, æn´tipodijz
  • antique, æn´tijk
  • antithesis, æn´tiθisis
  • aorist, ´ɛːərist
  • aperture, ´æpəˑtʃə
  • aphasia, ə´feizjə
  • apophthegm, ´æpoθem
  • apotheosis, æpoθi´ousis, əpo-
  • apparatus, æpə´reitəs
  • apparent, ə´pɛːrənt, -pær-
  • a priori, ´ei pri´ɔːrai
  • apropos, ´æpropou
  • arch-, usually ɑːtʃ
  • archangel, ´ɑːkeindʒəl
  • archetype, ´ɑːkitaip
  • archi-, ´ɑːki-, ´ɑːkj-
  • archives, ´ɑːkaivz
  • arid, ´ærid
  • arras, ´ærəs
  • artificer, ɑː´tifisə
  • artiste, ´ɑːtijst, -ist
  • asafœtida, ´æsə´fetidə
  • askance, ə´skæns, -ɑːns
  • aspirant, ə´spairənt
  • assignee, æsi´nij
  • atoll, ´ætɔl, ə´tɔl
  • attorney, ə´təːni
  • avalanche, ´ævəlɑːnʃ
  • awkward, ´ɔːkwəd
  • awry, ə´rai
  • ayah, ´ajə
  • aye (always), ´ei
  • aye (yes), ´ai
  • baboo, ´bɑːbuw
  • bacillus, bə´siləs
  • bagatelle, ´bægətel
  • bakshish, ´bækʃijʃ
  • balcony, ´bælkəni
  • ballet, ´bælei
  • balsam, ´bɔːlsəm
  • basalt, ´bæsɔlt, bə´sɔːlt
  • bass (voice), ´beis
  • because, bi´kɔːz, bi´kɔz
  • bedizen, bi´daizən
  • begone, bi´gɔn
  • belligerent, be´lidʒərənt
  • betroth, bi´trouð
  • bicycle, ´baisikl (´bai´saikl)
  • bigot, ´bigət
  • bijou, ´bijʒuw
  • billet-doux, ´bilei´duw
  • bison, ´baisən
  • bitumen, ´bitjumən, bi´tjuwmən
  • bizarre, bi´zɑː
  • blancmange, blə´mɔn(d)ʒ
  • blithe, ´blaið
  • blouse, ´blauz (´bluwz)
  • boatswain, ´bousən
  • bodega, bo´dijgə
  • bombast, ´bɔmbæst, ´bɔmbəst
  • bona fide, ´bounə ´faidi
  • booth, ´buwð
  • borough, ´bʌrə (´bʌrou)
  • bouquet, bu´kei
  • bourn, ´bɔːn, ´buːən
  • bravado, brə´veidou, brə´vɑːdou
  • brazier, ´breiʒə, ´breizjə
  • breeches, ´britʃiz, ´brij-
  • brougham, ´bruːəm, ´brouəm (´broum)
  • brusque, ´brusk, ´brʌsk
  • buffet, ´bufei
  • bulwark, ´bulwək
  • bureau, ´bjuːrou, bju´rou
  • burgher, ´bəːgə
  • cabal, kə´bæl
  • cachet, ´kæʃei
  • cadi, ´keidi
  • caesura, si´zjuːrə
  • cambric, ´keimbrik
  • campanile, kæmpə´nijli
  • cañon, ´kænjən
  • cantata, kæn´tɑːtə
  • cantonment, kæn´tuwnmənt, -tɔn-
  • caoutchouc, ´kautʃuk
  • cap-à-pie, ´kæpəpij
  • capitalist, ´kæpitəlist
  • caprice, kə´prijs
  • capuchin, ´kæpjutʃin
  • carouse, kə´rauz
  • cashier, kə´ʃiːə
  • casino, kə´sijnou
  • cathedra, ´kæθidrə (kə´θijdrə)
  • cauliflower, ´kɔliflauə
  • celibate, ´selibət
  • 'cello, ´tʃelou
  • centenary, ´sentenri, sen´tenəri
  • cere (-cloths, -ments), ´siːə-
  • chagrin, ʃə´grijn, ʃə´grin
  • chalybeate, kæ´libjet
  • chamois (leather), ´ʃæmi
  • chaperon, ´ʃæpəroun
  • charade, ʃə´rɑːd, ʃə´reid
  • charivari, ´ʃærij´vɑːrij
  • charlatan, ´ʃɑːlətən, -æn
  • chastisement, ´tʃæstizmənt
  • chauffeur, ´ʃoufə
  • chaunt, ´tʃɑːnt
  • chauvinist, ´ʃouvinist
  • chic, ´ʃik
  • chimera, kai´miərə, ki-
  • chiro-, ´kairo-
  • chivalric, ʃi´vælrik } also
  • chivalrous, ´ʃivəlrəs } with
  • chivalry, ´ʃivəlri } tʃi-
  • choir, ´kwaiə
  • choleric, ´kɔlərik
  • chough, ´tʃʌf
  • cicala, si´kɑːlə
  • cicerone, sisə´rouni
  • cinque, ´siŋk
  • circuit, ´səːkit
  • circumstance, ´səːkəmstəns
  • clandestine, klæn´destin
  • clematis, ´klemətis, (kli´meitis)
  • clique, ´klijk
  • coalesce, kouə´les
  • cobalt, ´koubɔlt
  • cochineal, ´kɔtʃinijl
  • cognisant, ´kɔgnisənt
  • coign(e), ´kɔin
  • coincide, kouin´said
  • colonel, ´kəːnəl
  • combat, combatant, combative have ´kʌm- or ´kɔm-
  • comely, ´kʌmli
  • commentary, ´kɔməntri
  • comparable, ´kɔmprəbəl
  • comrade, ´kʌmrid, ´kɔmrid
  • conch, ´kɔŋk
  • condign, kən´dain
  • condolence, kən´douləns
  • conger, ´kɔŋgə
  • congeries, kɔn´dʒeriijz, -´dʒij-
  • conjure (sleight of hand), ´kʌndʒə
  • conjure (implore), kən´dʒuːə
  • connoisseur, kɔni´səː, kɔni´sjuːə
  • consignee, kɔnsi´nij
  • Consols, kən´sɔlz
  • constable, ´kʌnstəbl, ´kɔnstəbl
  • construe, ´kɔnstruw, kən´struw
  • contagion, kən´teidʒən
  • contemplate, ´kɔntempleit (kən´templeit)
  • contemplative, kɔn´templətiv
  • contents, ´kɔntents, kən´tents
  • contumacy, ´kɔntjuməsi
  • contumely, kən´tjuwmili
  • conversazione, kɔnvəsætsi´ouni
  • corollary, kə´rɔləri, kɔrələri
  • corps, ´kɔː
  • coterie, ´koutərij
  • cotillon, ko´tiljən
  • counterfeit, ´kauntəfit
  • courteous, ´kɔːtjəs, ´kəːtjəs (´kəːtʃəs)
  • courtesy, ´kəːtəsi
  • courtier, ´kɔːtjə
  • covetous, ´kʌvitəs
  • covey, ´kʌvi
  • coxswain, ´kɔksən
  • cozen, ´kʌzən
  • crayon, ´krejən
  • croup, ´kruwp
  • cui bono, ´kai ´bounou
  • cuirass, kwi´ræs, kju-
  • cuisine, kwi´zijn
  • cuneiform, ´kjuwniifɔːm
  • cupola, ´kjuwpolə
  • cynosure, ´sainosjuə, ´sainoʃuə, ´sino-
  • dais, ´deis
  • dandelion, ´dændilaiən
  • debauch, di´bɔːtʃ
  • debonair, ´debənɛːə
  • debris, ´debri
  • decade, ´dekəd, ´dekeid
  • decadence, ´dekədəns
  • decease, di´sijs
  • decorous, ´dekərəs, di´kɔːrəs
  • dei gratia, dijai ´greiʃiei
  • demesne, di´mein
  • demise, di´maiz
  • demonstrate, ´demənstreit
  • demy (paper), di´mai
  • depot, ´depou (´dijpou)
  • derelict, ´derəlikt
  • desiderate, di´sidəreit
  • design, di´zain
  • designate, ´dezigneit, ´des-
  • desist, di´zist
  • desuetude, ´deswitjuwd
  • diæresis, dai´iːərəsis
  • diapason, daiə´peizən
  • didactic, di´dæktik
  • dilatory, ´dilət(ə)ri
  • dilettante, dili´tænti
  • diocese, ´daiosis
  • dis- (before voiced sounds), diz-; (before voiceless sounds), dis-
  • dishabille, ´disəbijl
  • disputant, ´dispjutənt
  • distich, ´distik
  • divan, di´væn (´daivən)
  • divers, ´daivəːs
  • diverse, di´vəːs
  • divisible, di´vizibl
  • docile, ´dousail, ´dɔsail
  • doctrinal, ´dɔktrinəl, dɔk´trainəl
  • doge, ´doudʒ
  • dolorous, ´dɔlərəs
  • domicile, ´dɔmisail
  • douche, ´duʃ, ´duwʃ
  • doughty, ´dauti
  • dramatis personæ, ´dræmətis pəː´sounij
  • draught, ´drɑːft
  • drollery, drouləri
  • dromedary, ´drʌmidəri
  • drought, ´draut (drɔːt)
  • dubiety, djuw´baiəti
  • ducat, ´dʌkət
  • ductile, ´dʌktail
  • duteous, ´djuwtjəs (´djuwtʃəs)
  • dynasty, ´dinəsti, ´dainəsti
  • dysentery, ´disəntri
  • eau de Cologne, ´ou di kə´loun
  • echelon, ´eʃəlɔn
  • eclat, ´eklɑː, e´klɑː
  • e´en, ´ijn
  • e´er, ´ɛːə
  • effete, e´fijt
  • eglantine, ´egləntain
  • either, ´aiðə, ´ijðə
  • elicit, i´lisit
  • elite, e´lijt
  • elixir, i´liksə
  • emaciated, i´meiʃieitid
  • embrasure, em´breiʒə
  • enervate, ´enəːveit
  • enunciate, i´nʌnʃieit
  • envelope, ´ɔnvəloup, ´enveloup
  • environs, en´vairənz
  • epaulet, ´epɔlet
  • epitome, i´pitomi
  • epoch, ´ijpɔk (´epɔk)
  • equerry, ´ekwəri, e´kweri
  • erase, i´reis
  • erasure, i´reiʒə
  • ere, ´ɛːə
  • escheat, es´tʃijt
  • eschew, es´tʃuw
  • esoteric, eso´terik
  • espionage, ´espiɔnidʒ
  • evasive, i´veisiv
  • exchequer, eks´tʃekə
  • excise, ´eksaiz, ek´saiz
  • excuse (verb), eks´kjuwz, (subst.) eks´kjuws
  • expert, ´ekspəːt
  • expletive, ek´splijtiv
  • exquisite, ´ekskwizit
  • extant, ek´stænt, ´ekstənt
  • extempore, ek´stempəri
  • extirpate, ´ekstəːpeit
  • extraordinary, ek´strɔːdnəri, ´ekstrə´ɔːdinəri
  • exude, eg´zjuwd, -ks-
  • eyot, ´aiət
  • façade, fə´sɑːd, fə´seid
  • facile, ´fæsil
  • facsimile, fæk´simili
  • fakir, fə´kiːə, ´feikiə
  • falchion, ´fɔːlʃən
  • fanatic, fə´nætik
  • farinaceous, færi´neiʃəs
  • fealty, ´fiːəlti
  • fecund, ´fijkʌnd, ´fe-
  • feod, ´fjuwd
  • feoff, ´fef
  • fetish, ´fijtiʃ, ´fe-
  • finance, fi´næns
  • financier, fi´nænʃə, -sjə
  • finesse, fi´nes
  • fissure, ´fiʃə
  • flaccid, ´flæksid
  • flamboyant, flæm´bɔjənt
  • fluor, ´fluːə
  • fœtid, ´fetid
  • forfeit, ´fɔːfit
  • fragile, ´frædʒail
  • franchise, ´fræn(t)ʃaiz, -ʃiz
  • frigate, ´frigət
  • frontier, ´frɔntiːə, frʌn-
  • fuchsia, ´fjuwʃə
  • fugue, ´fjuwg
  • furlough, ´fəːlou
  • furore, fju´rɔːri
  • futile, ´fjuwtail
  • gala, ´geilə
  • gallant (polite), gə´lænt
  • gambol, ´gæmbl
  • gaol, ´dʒeil
  • garish, ´gɛːriʃ
  • gaseous, gæsjəs, geiʒjəs
  • gauche, ´gouʃ
  • gauge, ´geidʒ
  • generic, dʒe´nerik
  • gesture, dʒestʃə
  • gewgaw, ´gjuwgɔː
  • geyser, ´gaisə, ´geisə
  • ghoul, ´guwl
  • gibberish, ´gibəriʃ
  • gibbet, ´dʒibit
  • gibbous, ´gibəs
  • gig, ´gig
  • gigantic, dʒai´gæntik
  • gill (of fish), ´gil; (of liquid), ´dʒil
  • gillyflower, ´dʒiliflauə
  • gimlet, ´gimlit
  • gimp, ´gimp
  • gist, ´dʒist
  • gizzard, ´gizəd
  • glacial, ´gleiʃəl
  • glacier, ´gleiʃə, ´glæsjə, -iə
  • gladiolus, glə´daiələs, glædi´ouləs
  • glamour, ´glæmə
  • goitre, ´gɔitə
  • gondola, ´gɔndələ (gɔn´doulə)
  • gosling, ´gɔzliŋ
  • gouge, ´guwdʒ, ´gaudʒ
  • gourd, ´guːəd, ´gɔːd
  • gravamen, græ´veimən, grə-
  • greasy, ´grijzi, ´grijsi
  • groat, ´grout (´grɔːt)
  • gross, ´grous
  • guerdon, ´gəːdən
  • guillotine, ´gilətijn
  • gunwale, ´gʌnəl
  • gutta-percha, ´gʌtə´pəːtʃə
  • gyves, ´dʒaivz
  • halberd, ´hælbəd
  • halcyon, ´hælsjən
  • hautboy, ´houbɔi
  • heifer, ´hefə
  • heigho, ´heihou
  • heinous, ´heinəs
  • hemorrhage, ´hemoridʒ
  • heroine, ´heroin
  • heroism, ´heroizm̩
  • heterogeneous, hetero´dʒijnjəs
  • hiatus, hai´eitəs
  • hierarch, ´haiərɑːk
  • hirsute, həː´sjuwt
  • hosier, ´houʒə, ´houzjə
  • housewife (case for needles, etc.), ´hʌzif
  • hussar, hu´zɑː, hʌ´zɑː
  • hussy, ´hʌzi
  • hygiene, ´haidʒijn
  • hygienic, haidʒi´enik, hidʒi´ijnik
  • hymeneal, haimi´niːəl
  • hyperbole, hai´pəːbəli
  • hypochondriacal, haipokɔn´draiəkl, hipo-
  • hypotenuse, hai´pɔtənjuws
  • hyssop, ´hisəp
  • identical, ai´dentikl
  • idiosyncrasy, idio´siŋkrəsi
  • idyll, ´aidil
  • illustrative, ´iləstreitiv, i´lʌstrətiv
  • imbecile, ´imbisijl, -il
  • imbroglio, im´brouljou
  • impious, ´impiəs
  • indecorous, in´dekərəs
  • indict, in´dait
  • indissoluble, indi´sɔljubl
  • inexorable, in´egzərəbl, -eks-
  • interesting, ´intrəstiŋ
  • interlocutor, in´təːlokjuwtə
  • interstice, in´təːstis, ´intəstis
  • intestine, in´testin
  • inundate, ´inʌndeit
  • inveigh, in´vei
  • inveigle, in´vijgl
  • inventory, ´invəntri
  • investiture, in´vestitʃə
  • irascible, i´ræsibl
  • irrefragable, i´refrəgəbl
  • irrefutable, i´refjutəbl
  • irreparable, i´repərəbl
  • irrevocable, i´revəkəbl
  • isolate, ´aisoleit
  • italics, i´tæliks (ai´tæliks)
  • itinerary, i´tinərəri
  • jejune, dʒe´dʒuwn
  • jeopardy, ´dʒepədi
  • jocose, dʒo´kous
  • jocund, ´dʒɔkʌnd, ´dʒou-
  • j(o)ust, dʒust, dʒuwst
  • kopje, ´kɔpi
  • laboratory, læbrətri, lə´bɔrətri
  • lamentable, ´læməntəbl
  • landau, ´lændɔː
  • lapel, lə´pel
  • lath, ´lɑːθ
  • laudanum, lɔdnəm
  • laurel, ´lɔrəl
  • legend, ´ledʒənd (´lijdʒənd)
  • legislature, ´ledʒislətʃə
  • leisure, ´leʒə (´lijʒə)
  • leopard, ´lepəd
  • levée, ´levi
  • libertine, ´libətain, -tijn, -tin
  • lichen, ´laikən, ´litʃən
  • lien, laiən, liːən, lijn
  • lieu, ´luw
  • lieutenant, lef´tenənt, lif-
  • lineament, ´linjəmənt
  • liqueur, li´kəː, li´kjuːə
  • liquor, ´likə
  • liquorice, ´likəris
  • litre, ´lijtə
  • livelong, ´laivlɔŋ, ´livlɔŋ
  • loath, ´louθ
  • loathe, ´louð
  • loathsome, ´louθsəm, -ð-
  • longevity, lɔn´dʒeviti
  • longitude, ´lɔndʒitjuwd
  • lough, ´lɔk
  • lowering (looking sullen), ´lauəriŋ
  • ludicrous, ´luwdikrəs
  • lugubrious, lu´guwbriəs
  • luxurious, lə´gzuːriəs
  • luxury, ´lʌkʃəri
  • machination, mæki´neiʃən
  • magi, ´meidʒai
  • mahlstick, ´mɔːlstik
  • malinger, mə´liŋgər
  • manœuvre, mə´nuwvə
  • manse, ´mæns
  • margarine, ´mɑːdʒərijn
  • marigold, ´mærigould
  • marquee, mɑː´kij
  • marquis, ´mɑːkwis
  • masquerade, mæskə´reid
  • massage, ´mæsɑːʒ
  • mausoleum, mɔːso´liːəm
  • medicament, ´medikəmənt, me´dikəmənt
  • mediocre, ´mijdioukə
  • mediocrity, mijdi´əkriti
  • meerschaum, ´miːəʃəm
  • melancholy, ´meləŋkəli
  • memoir, ´memwɑː
  • menagerie, mi´nædʒəri
  • menu, ´menju, mə´nuw
  • Messrs, ´mesəz
  • metallurgy, ´metələːdʒi, mi´tælədʒi
  • metamorphosis, metə´mɔːfəsis
  • metathesis, mi´tæθəsis
  • metre, ´mijtə
  • mezzotint, ´metsotint
  • miasma, mai´æzmə, mi-
  • millenary, mi´lenəri
  • minatory, ´mainətəri
  • miniature, ´miniətʃə,-tjə
  • minute (adj.), mai´njuwt, mi-
  • mirage, mi´rɑːʒ
  • misanthrope, ´misənθroup
  • miscellany, mi´seləni
  • mischief, ´mistʃif
  • morose, mə´rous
  • myth, ´miθ, ´maiθ
  • mythology, mi´θɔlədʒi
  • naive, ´neiv
  • naiveté, ´neivtei
  • nauseate, ´nɔːʃjeit
  • nauseous, ´nɔːʃjes, ´nɔːʃəs
  • ne'er, ´nɛːə
  • neither, ´naiðə, ´nijðə
  • nicety, ´nais(ə)ti
  • niche, ´nitʃ
  • nomenclature, no´menklətʃə
  • noose, ´nuwz, ´nuws
  • norse, ´nɔːs
  • nuncio, ´nʌnʃiou
  • nuptial, ´nʌpʃəl
  • oasis, ou´eisis
  • obeisance, o´beisəns
  • obese, o´bijs
  • obligatory, ´ɔbligətri, ɔ´bligətri, ɔbli´geitəri
  • obloquy, ´ɔbləkwi
  • obsequies, ´ɔbsikwiz
  • obtuse, ob´tjuws
  • occult, o´kʌlt
  • octopus, ´ɔktəpəs, ɔk´toupəs
  • oligarchy, ´ɔligɑːki
  • omniscient, ɔm´niʃənt, -si-
  • onerous, ´ɔnərəs
  • onomatopeia, ɔnəmətə´piːə
  • operative, ´ɔpərətiv, ´ɔpəreitiv
  • orchestral, ɔː´kestrəl, ´ɔːki-
  • ordeal, ɔː´diːəl
  • organization, ɔːgəni´zeiʃən, -nai-
  • orison, ´ɔrizən, -s-
  • ormolu, ´ɔːməluw
  • ornate, ɔ´neit
  • osier, ´ouʒə
  • oust, ´aust
  • pageant, ´peidʒənt, ´pædʒənt
  • palaver, pə´lɑːvə
  • palfrey, ´pɔːlfri (´pælfri)
  • panacea, pænə´siːə
  • panegyric, pæni´dʒirik
  • pan(n)ier, ´pænjə
  • papyrus, pə´pairəs
  • paradigm, ´pærədaim
  • paraffine, ´pærəfin
  • pariah, ´pɛːrjə
  • parochial, pə´roukjəl
  • parvenu, ´pɑːvənju
  • pastel, pæ´stel, ´pæstəl
  • pastille, pæ´stijl, ´pæstil
  • patent, ´peitənt (´pætənt)
  • pathos, ´peiθɔs
  • patois, ´pætwɑː
  • patrimony, ´pætriməni
  • patron, ´peitrən
  • patronage, ´pætrənidʒ, ´peitrənidʒ
  • patronize, ´pætrənaiz, ´peitrənaiz
  • peccavi, pe´keivai
  • pedagogue, ´pedəgɔg
  • pedagogy, ´pedəgɔdʒi, -gi
  • perquisite, ´pəːkwizit
  • petard, pi´tɑːd
  • phaeton, ´feitən
  • phalanx, ´feilæŋks, ´fælæŋks
  • phlegmatic, fleg´mætik
  • piazza, pi´ætsə
  • piquant, ´pijkənt
  • pique, ´pijk
  • piteous, ´pitjəs (´pitʃəs)
  • placard, ´plækɑːd
  • plaid, ´plæd, ´pleid
  • plait, ´plæt
  • plebiscite, ´plebisait
  • plenary, ´plijnəri
  • plenteous, ´plentjəs (´plentʃəs)
  • plethora, ´pleθərə
  • plethoric, ´pleθərik
  • plover, ´plʌvə
  • poignant, ´pɔinjənt
  • poignard, ´pɔnjəd
  • pomade, po´meid, po´mɑːd
  • pommel, ´pʌməl
  • pongee, ´pɔndʒi
  • porpoise, ´pɔːpəs
  • posthumous, ´pɔstjuməs
  • potsherd, ´pɔtʃəːd
  • precedence, pri´sijdəns
  • precedent, ´presidənt
  • predatory, ´predətri
  • prelate, ´prelət
  • prelude, ´preljuwd
  • premature, ´premətjuə, ´prijmətjuə
  • premier, ´prijmjə (´premjə)
  • premise (subst.), ´premis
  • premise (verb), pri´maiz
  • presage, ´presidʒ
  • prescience, ´preʃəns, -si-
  • prestige, pre´stijʒ
  • primer, ´primə, ´praimə
  • pristine, ´pristain, ´pristin
  • privacy, ´praivəsi, ´privəsi
  • profligacy, ´prɔfligəsi
  • prophecy, ´prɔfisi
  • prophesy, ´prɔfisai
  • puisne, ´pjuwni
  • puissant, ´pwijsənt
  • pumice, ´pʌmis
  • purloin, pəː´lɔin
  • purport, ´pəːpət
  • quagmire, ´kwægmaiə
  • quandary, ´kwɔndəri, -´dɛːri
  • quarantine, ´kwɔrəntijn
  • quay, ´kij
  • queue, ´kjuw
  • quiescent, kwai´esənt
  • quinine, kwi´nijn
  • quoif, ´kɔif
  • quoit, ´kɔit
  • quoth, ´kwouθ
  • ragged, ´rægid
  • ranch(e), ´rɑːn(t)ʃ
  • rancour, ´ræŋkə
  • rapier, ´reipiːə
  • rapine, ´ræpin, ´ræpain
  • rase, ´reiz
  • rations (army), ´ræʃnz
  • recluse, ri´kluws
  • recondite, ´rekəndait
  • reconnaissance, ri´kɔnəsəns
  • reconnoitre, rekə´nɔitə
  • redolent, ´redələnt
  • regicide, ´redʒisaid
  • regime, re´ʒijm
  • reindeer, ´reindiə
  • remonstrate, ri´mɔnstreit
  • renaissance, ri´neisəns
  • rendezvous, ´rɔndivuw
  • repertoire, ´repəːtwɑː
  • replica, ´replikə
  • requiem, ´rekwiəm
  • reredos, riːədɔs
  • reservoir, ´rezəvwɑː
  • resin, ´rezən, ´rɔzən
  • resonance, ´rezənəns
  • respite, ´respit
  • restaurant, ´restorɔŋ
  • reveille, ri´væli
  • reverie, ´revəri
  • rhetoric, ´retərik
  • rheum, ´ruwm
  • rhythm, ´riðm
  • rhythmical, ´riθmikəl
  • ribald, ´ribəld, ´ribɔːld
  • rouge, ´ruwʒ
  • routine, ru´tijn
  • rowlock, ´rʌlək
  • ruse, ´ruwz
  • sachet, ´sæʃei
  • saga, ´sɑːgə
  • salient, ´seiljənt
  • saline (subst.), sə´lain
  • saline (adj.), seilain
  • sample, ´sɑːmpl, ´sæmpl
  • sarcophagus, sɑː´kɔfəgəs
  • satiety, sə´taiəti
  • satire, ´sætaiə
  • satyr, ´sætə
  • scallop, ´skɔləp
  • scathe, ´skeið
  • scenic, ´sijnik
  • sceptic, ´skeptik
  • schedule, ´ʃedjul (´skedjul)
  • schism, ´sizm
  • scimitar, ´simitə
  • scintillate, ´sintileit
  • scion, ´saiən
  • scone, ´skoun (´skɔn)
  • scourge, ´skəːdʒ
  • sedative, ´sedətiv
  • sedentary, ´sedəntri
  • seigneury, ´sijnjəri
  • semi-, semi
  • senile, ´sijnail
  • seraglio, si´rɑːljou
  • serviette, ´səːvjet
  • sheikh, ´ʃijk
  • shortlived, ´ʃɔːtlivd
  • siesta, si´estə
  • signor, ´sijnjɔː
  • simile, ´simili
  • sinecure, ´sainikjuə
  • skein, ´skein
  • ski, ´skij (´ʃij)
  • sleight, ´slait
  • sloth, ´slouθ
  • slough, ´slau (´slʌf)
  • sloven, ´slʌvən
  • sluice, ´sluws
  • sobriquet, ´soubrikei
  • sojourn, ´sɔdʒəːn
  • solace, ´sɔləs
  • solecism, ´soulisizm̩, ´sɔl
  • soliloquy, sə´liləkwi, so
  • sonorous, ´sɔnərəs, sə´nɔːrəs
  • sough, ´sʌf
  • souse, ´saus
  • southerly, ´sʌðəli
  • specie, ´spijʃi
  • species, ´spijʃijz
  • stalwart, ´stɔlwət
  • stevedore, ´stijvədɔː
  • stoep, ´stuwp
  • strategic, strə´tijdʒik
  • strychnine, ´striknijn, ´striknin
  • suave, ´sweiv
  • suavity, ´swæviti
  • subaltern, ´sʌbəltəːn
  • subsidence, ´sʌbsidns
  • succinct, sʌk´siŋkt
  • suffragan, ´sʌfrəgən
  • suite, ´swijt
  • surfeit, ´səːfit
  • surveillance, sə´veiləns
  • swarthy, ´swɔːði, -θi
  • sybarite, ´sibərait
  • synagogue, ´sinəgɔg
  • syncope, ´siŋkəpi
  • technique, tek´nijk
  • telegraphy, ´teligrəfi, ti´legrəfi
  • tenable, ´tijnəbl, ´tenəbl
  • tenet, ´tijnit, ´tenit
  • tepid, ´tepid
  • termagant, ´təːməgənt
  • thorough, ´θʌrə, ´θʌrou
  • thraldom, ´θrɔːldəm
  • thresh, ´θræʃ
  • thyme, ´taim
  • tinsel, ´tinsəl
  • tirade, ti´reid
  • tissue, ´tiʃu
  • tonsure, ´tɔnʃə
  • tontine, ´tɔntijn
  • toothed, ´tuwθt
  • tornado, tɔː´nɑːdou
  • tortoise, ´tɔːtəs (´tɔːtɔiz)
  • tournament, ´tuːənəmənt
  • toward, tɔːd, tu´wɔːd
  • trait, ´trei
  • transient, ´trænzjənt
  • transition, træn´siʒən
  • treatise, ´trijtis
  • tribunal, trai´bjuwnəl, tri-
  • tribune, ´tribjun
  • trilogy, ´trilədʒi
  • trio, ´trijou
  • tripartite, ´tripɑːtait
  • triptych, ´triptik
  • trophy, ´troufi
  • troth, ´trouθ, ´trɔθ
  • trough, ´trɔf
  • trow, ´trou
  • tryst, ´trist, ´traist
  • turbine, ´təːbain
  • turquoise, ´təːkɔiz, ´təːkwɔiz
  • tyrannic, tai´rænik, ti-
  • tyranny, ´tirəni
  • tyrant, ´tairənt
  • tyro, ´tairou
  • ubiquity, ju´bikwiti
  • ukase, ju´keis
  • uncouth, ʌn´kuwθ
  • undulatory, ´ʌndjulətri
  • unison, ´juwnisən
  • untoward, ´ʌntuwɔːd, -tɔːd
  • upholster, ʌp´houlstə
  • usurp, ju´zəːp
  • vagary, və´gɛːri
  • valet, ´vælit
  • valiant, ´væljənt
  • valise, və´lijz, və´lijs
  • vase, ´vɑːz (´vɔːz)
  • vehement, ´vijimənt
  • vehicle, ´vijikl
  • vermicelli, vəːmi´seli
  • vertigo, ´vəːtigou
  • vice-gerent, ´vais-dʒerənt
  • vice versa, ´vaisi´vəːsə
  • vignette, vi´njet
  • vilify, ´vilifai
  • virago, vi´reigou
  • viscount, ´vaikaunt
  • visor, ´vizə
  • viva voce, ´vaivə´vousi
  • vouchsafe, ´vautʃ´seif
  • wainscot, ´weinskət
  • walrus, ´wɔlrəs
  • wassail, ´wæsil
  • weir, ´wiːə
  • wharfinger, ´wɔːfindʒə
  • wind, ´wind (poetry: ´wind, ´waind)
  • windlass, ´windləs
  • wiseacre, ´waizeikə
  • worsted (wool), ´wustid
  • worsted (defeated), ´wəːstid
  • wrath, ´rɔːθ
  • wroth, ´rouθ
  • yea, ´jei
  • yeoman, ´joumən
  • zealot, ´zelət
  • zealous, ´zeləs
  • zenith, ´zeniθ, ´zijniθ
  • zoology, zo´ɔlədʒi

B. Proper Names.

  • Abergavenny, ´æbəgə´veni
  • Abinger, ´æbindʒə
  • Aeneas, ij´nijæs
  • Aeneid, ´ijniid
  • Aeschylus, ´ijskiləs
  • Aetna, ´etnə
  • Afghan, ´æfgæn
  • Aflalo, ə´flɑːlou
  • Ailsa, ´eilzə
  • Aix-la-Chapelle, ´eiks lɑ ʃɑ´pɛl
  • Albany, ´ɔːlbəni
  • Alcester, ´ɔːlstə
  • Alma-Tadema, ´ælmə ´tædimə
  • Almondbury, ´ɑːmbəri
  • Alnwick, ´ænik
  • Alpha, ´ælfə
  • Ambrosia, æm´brouzjə
  • Ameer, ´æmiːə
  • Anabasis, ə´næbəsis
  • Anchises, æŋ´kaisijz
  • Anstruther, ´ænstə, ´ænstrʌðə
  • Antrobus, ´æntrəbəs
  • Aphrodite, æfro´daiti
  • Apocrypha, ə´pɔkrifə
  • Areopagus, æri´ɔpəgəs
  • Argyll, ɑː´gail
  • Arion, ə´raiən
  • Aristophanes, æri´stɔfənijz
  • Armada, ɑː´mɑːdə, ɑː´meidə
  • Armitage, ´ɑːmitidʒ
  • Ate, ´eiti
  • Athenæum, æθi´nijəm
  • Athene, ə´θijni
  • Athens, ´æθənz, -inz
  • Athlone, æθ´loun
  • Auchinleck, ´æflik
  • Ava, ´ɑːvə
  • Baal, ´beiəl
  • Bacchanal, ´bækənəl
  • Bacchus, ´bækəs
  • Baden-Powell, ´beidən´pouəl
  • Bagehot, ´bædʒət, ´bægət
  • Balcarres, bæl´kæris
  • Balfour, ´bælfɔː
  • Bastille, ´bæstijl
  • Beaconsfield, ´bijkənzfijld, ´bekənzfijld
  • Beauchamp, ´bijtʃəm
  • Beauclerc, ´bouklɛːə, ´boukliːə
  • Beaufort, ´boufɔːt, -fət
  • Beaulieu, ´bjuːli, ´bouli
  • Beaumont, ´boumənt, ´boumɔnt
  • Beethoven, ´beithouvən, ´beitouvən
  • Bellew, ´belju (bi´luw)
  • Bellingham, ´belindʒəm
  • Belvoir, ´bijvə
  • Berkeley, ´bɑːkli
  • Berkshire, ´bɑːkʃə
  • Bertie (surname), ´bɑːti
  • Bessborough, ´bezbərə
  • Bethphage, ´beθfəgij
  • Bethune, ´bijtən, ´beθjuwn
  • Bezant, ´bezənt, bi´zænt
  • Bigelow, ´bigəlou
  • Bispham, ´bisphəm, ´bizpəm
  • Blenheim, ´blenəm
  • Blom(e)field, ´bluwmfijld
  • Blount, ´blʌnt
  • Boanerges, bouə´nəːdʒijz
  • Boer, ´buːə, ´bouə
  • Boleyn, ´bulən, ´bulin
  • Bolingbroke, ´bɔlinbruk, ´bouliŋbruk
  • Bompas, ´bʌmpəs
  • Boötes, bo´outijz
  • Borghese, bɔː´geizi
  • Borrowes, ´bʌrouz
  • Bosanquet, ´bousəŋkit
  • Botticelli, bɔti´tʃeli
  • Boucicault, ´buwsikou
  • Boughey, ´bouwi
  • Boughton, ´bautən, ´bɔːtən
  • Boulger, ´bouldʒə
  • Bourchier, ´bautʃə
  • Bourke, ´bəːk
  • Brabazon, ´bræbəzən
  • Breadalbane, bri´ɔːlbən, bri´dælbən
  • Brechin, ´brijkin
  • Bridlington, ´bridliŋtən, ´bəːliŋtən
  • Broke, ´bruk
  • Brougham, ´bruːəm
  • Broughton, ´brɔːtən
  • Buccleugh, bə´kluw
  • Buchan, ´bʌkən
  • Buchanan, bju´kænən
  • Buenos Ayres, bju´ijnɔs, ´bjuinɔs, ´ɛːrijz (ɛːz, aiəz)
  • Burghclere, bəː´klɛːə
  • Burghersh, ´bəːgəːʃ
  • Burghley, ´bəːli
  • Bury, ´beri
  • -bury, beri, bəri, bri
  • Bysshe, ´biʃ
  • Byzantine, bai´zæntain, bi´zæntin
  • Cadiz, ´keidiz
  • Cadogan, kə´dʌgən
  • Caedmon, ´keidmɔn
  • Cairo, ´kairou
  • Caius (College), ´kijz
  • Calais, ´kælei, ´kælis
  • Calderon, ´kɔːldərən
  • Callaghan, ´kæləhæn
  • Calliope, kə´laiopi
  • Callirrhoe, kə´liroui
  • Cam, ´kæm
  • Cambridge, ´keimbridʒ
  • Campagna, kæm´pɑːnjə
  • Campden, ´kæmdən
  • Canaan, ´keinən
  • Candace, kæn´deisi
  • Capell, ´keipəl
  • Carew, ´keiri, kə´ruw
  • Carlyon, kɑː´laiən
  • Carmichael, kɑ´maikəl
  • Carnegie, kɑ´negi, kə´negi
  • Castlerea (-reagh), kɑːsəl´rei
  • Catholic, ´kæθəlik
  • Cavan, ´kævən
  • Chalfont, ´tʃɑːfənt
  • Champlain, ʃæm´plein
  • Chandos, ´ʃændɔs
  • Charlemagne, ´ʃɑːləmein
  • Charon, ´kɛːrɔn
  • Charteris, ´tʃɑːtəz
  • Cheetham, ´tʃijtəm
  • Chersonese, ´kəːsonijs
  • Cheshire, ´tʃeʃə
  • Chetwode, ´tʃetwud
  • Cheyne, ´tʃeini
  • Chicago, ʃi´kɑːgou
  • Chichele, ´tʃitʃəli
  • Chisholm, ´tʃizəm
  • Chiswick, ´tʃizik
  • Cholmeley, Cholmondeley, Chomley, ´tʃʌmli
  • Chrysostom, ´krisəstəm
  • Cincinnati, sinsi´næti
  • Cirencester, ´sairənsestə, ´sisestə, ´sizitə, ´sistə
  • Claverhouse, ´kleivəz
  • Clough, ´klʌf
  • Cochrane, ´kɔkrən
  • Cockburn, ´koubən
  • Cocles, ´kɔklijz
  • Cocytus, ko´saitəs
  • Coke, ´kuk
  • Colclough, ´koukli
  • Colquhoun, ko´huwn
  • Combe, ´kuwm
  • Compton, ´kʌmtən, kɔmtən
  • Connaught, ´kɔnət
  • Constable, ´kʌnstəbəl
  • Conyngham, ´kʌniŋəm
  • Corkran, ´kɔkrən
  • Cortes, ´kɔːtijz
  • Couch, ´kuwtʃ
  • Courthope, ´kɔːtəp
  • Cousens, ´kʌzənz
  • Cowen, ´kouən, ´kauən
  • Cowper, ´kuwpə, ´kaupə; (poet) ´kuwpə
  • Cozens-Hardy, ´kʌzənz´hɑːdi
  • Creighton, Crichton, ´kraitən
  • Croat, ´krouæt
  • Cromartie, ´krʌməti
  • Crombie, ´krʌmbi, ´krɔmbi
  • Cromwell, ´krɔmwəl
  • Cupar, ´kuwpə
  • Cymric, ´kimrik, ´kʌmrik
  • Czar, ´zɑː
  • Czarewitch, ´zɑːrivitʃ
  • Czarina, zɑ´rijnə
  • Czech, tʃek
  • Czerny, ´tʃəːni
  • Dalbiac, ´dɔːlbiæk
  • Dalgleish, ´dælglijʃ
  • Dalhousie, dəl´hauzi
  • Dalmeny, ´dælmijni
  • Dalziel, ´deiəl
  • Damocles, ´dæmoklijz
  • Darius, də´raiəs
  • Dauphin, ´dɔːfin
  • Deborah, ´debərə
  • Delhi, ´deli
  • Delilah, di´lailə
  • Demosthenes, di´mɔsθənijz
  • Demy (Magdalen College, Oxford), di´mai
  • Denbigh, ´denbi
  • Derby, ´dɑːbi
  • Deuteronomy, djuwtə´rɔnəmi
  • Dives, ´daivijz
  • Donegal, dɔni´gɔːl
  • Donoghue, ´dʌnəhuw
  • Doughty, ´dauti
  • Drogheda, ´drɔhədə
  • Dvořák, ´dvɔːʒək
  • Ecclesiastes, iklijzi´æstijz
  • Edinburgh, ´edinbʌrə, -brə
  • Eisteddfod, ais´teðvɔd
  • Elcho, ´elkou
  • Elgin, ´elgin
  • Elizabethan, elizə´bijθən
  • Elysian, e´lizjən
  • Elysium, e´lizjəm
  • Elzevir, ´elzivəː, -viə
  • Euripides, ju´ripidijz
  • Europe, ´juːrəp
  • European, juro´piːən
  • Exmouth, ´eksməθ
  • Faust, ´faust
  • Faustus, ´fɔːstəs
  • Fe(a)therstonhaugh, ´feðəstənhɔː
  • Fildes, ´faildz
  • Folkestone, ´foukstən
  • Foulis, ´faulz
  • Fowey, ´fɔi
  • Froude, ´fruwd
  • Gaelic, ´gælik (Scotland), ´geilik (Ireland)
  • Gairdner, ´gɑːdnə
  • Galway, ´gɔːlwei
  • Gawain, ´gæwein
  • Geddes, ´gedis
  • Geikie, ´gijki
  • Geoffrey, ´dʒefri
  • Geoghegan, ´geigən
  • Giaour, ´dʒauə
  • Gibraltar, dʒi´brɔːltə
  • Giffen, ´dʒifən
  • Glamis, ´glɑːmz
  • Glasgow, ´glæsgou
  • Gloucester, ´glɔstə
  • Gomme, ´gɔm
  • Goschen, ´gouʃən
  • Gough, ´gɔf
  • Greaves, ´greivz
  • Greenwich, ´grinidʒ
  • Grosvenor, ´grouvnə
  • Guildford, ´gilfəd
  • Gye, ´gai
  • Hades, ´heidijz
  • Haigh, ´heig
  • Hamish, ´heimiʃ
  • Harcourt, ´hɑːkət
  • Harlech, ´hɑːlik
  • Hastings, ´heistiŋz
  • Hawarden, ´hɑːdən, ´heiwɔːdən
  • Haweis, ´hɔːwis, ´hɔis
  • Headlam, ´hedləm
  • Hebe, ´hijbi
  • Heneage, ´henidʒ
  • Hercules, ´həːkjulijz
  • Hermione, hə´maioni
  • Herodotus, he´rɔdətəs
  • Herschell, ´həːʃəl
  • Hertford, ´hɑːfəd
  • Hervey, ´hɑːvi
  • Hobart, ´hʌbət
  • Holmes, ´houmz
  • Holyhead, ´hɔlihed
  • Hopetoun, ´houptən
  • Horace, ´hɔrəs
  • Hough, ´hʌf
  • Houghton, ´hɔːtən, ´hautən
  • Huguenot, ´hjuwgənɔt
  • Huish, ´hjuwiʃ
  • Ian, iːən
  • Iddesleigh, ´idsli
  • Ingelow, ´indʒəlou
  • Iona, ai´ounə
  • Iroquois, ´irokwɑː
  • Israel, ´izrəəl
  • Ithaca, ´iθəkə
  • Iveagh, ´aivi
  • Ixion, i´ksaiən
  • Jaïrus, dʒə´airəs
  • Jaques ("As you like it"), ´dʒeikwiz
  • Jean, ´dʒijn
  • Jerusalem, dʒi´ruwsələm
  • Jervaulx (Abbey), ´dʒəːvou
  • Jervis, ´dʒɑːvis
  • Jervois, ´dʒəːvis
  • Jeune, ´dʒuwn
  • Johannesburg, dʒo´hænisbəːg
  • Kaiser, ´kaizə
  • Kearsarge, ´kiːəsɑːg
  • Kedleston, ´kelsən; (Derbyshire), ´kedəlstən
  • Keighley, ´kijli, ´kaili, ´kijθli
  • Keightley, ´kijtli
  • Keith, ´kijθ
  • Keogh, Keough, K´Eogh, Kehoe, ´kjou
  • Ker, ´kəː, kɑː, kɛə
  • Keswick, ´kezik
  • Keynes, ´keinz
  • Khedive, ke´dijv
  • Kirkby Stephen, ´kəːbi ´stijvən
  • Kirkcudbright, kə´kuwbri
  • Knollys, Knowles, ´noulz
  • Koran, ´kɔːrən, kɔː´ræn, kɔː´rɑːn
  • Kough, ´kjou
  • Laffan, ´læfən, lə´fæn
  • Lama, ´lɑːmə
  • Laocoon, lei´oukoɔn
  • Lares, ´lɛːrijz
  • Lascelles, ´læsəlz
  • Lathom, leiθəm
  • Layard, ´lɛːəd
  • Leamington, ´lemiŋtən
  • Lefevre, lə´fijvə
  • Lehmann, ´leimən
  • Leicester, ´lestə
  • Leigh, ´lij
  • Leighton, ´leitən
  • Leitrim, ´lijtrim
  • Leominster, ´lemstə
  • Le Queux, lə´kjuw
  • Leveson-Gower, ´ljuwsən´gɔː
  • Ley, ´lij
  • Leys (school), ´lijz
  • Lisle, ´lail
  • Llandudno, læn´didnou
  • Llewellyn, lu´elin
  • Lochiel, lɔ´kijl
  • Loughboro, ´lʌfbərə
  • Lovibond, ´lʌvbənd
  • Lugard, lu´gɑːd
  • Luke, ´luwk, ´ljuwk
  • Lymington, ´limiŋtən
  • Lyons, ´laiənz
  • Lyveden, ´livdən
  • M'Gee, M'Ghee, mə´gij
  • Machiavelli, mækjə´veli
  • Mackay, M'Kay, mə´kai
  • Mackenzie, mə´kenzi, mə´keŋi
  • Maclean, mə´klein
  • MacLehose, ´mækəlhouz
  • Macleod, mə´klaud
  • Macmahon, mək´mɑːn
  • MacManus, mək´mænəs
  • Macnamara, mæknə´mɑːrə
  • Macneill, mək´nijl
  • Maconochie, mə´kɔŋki
  • Macquoid, mə´kɔid
  • Magdalen(e) (College), ´mɔːdlin
  • Magna Charta, ´mægnə ´kɑːtə
  • Magrath, mə´grɑː
  • Maguire, mə´gwaiə
  • Mahan, mə´hæn, mɑːn
  • Maharajah, mɑhə´rɑːdʒə
  • Mahomet, mə´hɔmit
  • Mahoney, ´mɑːni
  • Mainwaring, ´mænəriŋ
  • Majendie, ´mædʒəndi
  • Malet, ´mælit
  • Maori, ´mɑːori
  • Marazion, mærə´zaiən
  • Marjoribanks, ´mɑːtʃbæŋks
  • Marlborough, ´mɔːlbərə
  • Marseillaise, ´mɑːsə´leiz
  • Marylebone, ´mæribən
  • Masham, ´mæʃəm, ´mæsəm
  • Massachusetts, mæsə´tʃuwsits
  • Mather, ´mæðə
  • Maughan, ´mɔːn
  • Maurice, ´mɔris
  • Medici, ´meditʃi
  • Meiklejohn, ´mikəldʒɔn
  • Melhuish, ´meliʃ
  • Menpes, ´mempis
  • Mentone, men´touni
  • Menzies, ´miŋiz, ´meŋiz
  • Meux, ´mjuwz, ´mjuwks
  • Micheldever, ´mitʃəldevə
  • Milan, ´milən, mi´læn
  • Millard, mi´lɑːd, ´miləd
  • Mivart, ´maivət
  • Mohun, ´muwn
  • Moleyns (de), ´mʌlinz
  • Molyneux, ´mʌlinjuw
  • Momerie, ´mʌməri
  • Monck, ´mʌŋk
  • Monckton, ´mʌŋktən
  • Monro(e), mən´rou
  • Montaigne, mɔn´tein
  • Morant, mo´rænt
  • Moule, ´muwl, ´moul
  • Mowbray, ´moubri, muwbri
  • Naas, ´neis
  • Napier, ´neipjə, ´neipiːə
  • Neil, ´nijl
  • Nemesis, ´nemesis
  • Nepean, ni´pijn
  • Nereid, ´nijriid
  • Newnes, ´njuwnz
  • Newquay, ´njuwkij
  • Nice, ´nijs
  • Nigel, ´naidʒəl
  • Nineveh, ´ninivi, -və
  • Nirvana, nəː´vɑːnə
  • Northcote, ´nɔːθkət
  • Oban, ´oubən
  • O'Callaghan, o´kæləhən
  • Oceania, ouʃi´einjə
  • Oceanic, ouʃi´ænik
  • Odysseus, o´disjuws
  • Odyssey, ´ɔdisi
  • Ogilvy, ´ougəlvi
  • Ohio, o´haiou
  • O'Meara, o´mɑːrə
  • Omega, ´oumegə
  • Orion, o´raiən
  • Orpheus, ´ɔːfjuws
  • Osbourne, ´ɔzbən
  • Ottawa, ´ɔtewɑː
  • Oudh, ´uwd
  • Ouless, ´uwlis
  • Ouse, ´uwz
  • Outram, ´uwtrəm
  • Paget, ´pædʒit
  • Palgrave, ´pɔːlgreiv
  • Pall Mall, ´pel´mel, ´pæl´mæl
  • Paraguay, ´pærəgwai
  • Paton, ´peitən
  • Pegram, ´pijgrəm
  • Pembroke, ´pembruk
  • Penelope, pe´nelopi
  • Penicuik, ´penikuk
  • Pennefather, ´penifeθə
  • Penrhyn, pen´rin
  • Pentateuch, ´pentətjuwk
  • Pepys, ´pijps
  • Perowne, pə´roun
  • Persephone, pə´sefəni
  • Persia, ´pəːʃə
  • Petrie, ´pijtri
  • Pharaoh, ´fɛːrou
  • Philippi, fi´lipai
  • Pigott, ´pigət
  • Pinero, pi´nɛːrou
  • Pirbright, ´pəːbrait
  • Pirie, ´piri
  • Pleiades, ´plaiədijz
  • Poe, ´pou
  • Pole, ´puwl
  • Pole Carew, puwl´kɛːri
  • Ponsonby, ´pʌnsənbi
  • Pontefract, ´pɔntifrækt, pʌmfrit (cakes)
  • Powell, ´pouəl
  • Powis, Powys, ´pouwis
  • Powlett, ´pɔːlit
  • Praed, ´preid
  • Prometheus, pro´mijθjuws
  • Prowse, ´prauz
  • Psyche, ´saiki
  • Pugh, ´pjuw
  • Puleston, ´pilstən
  • Pulteney, ´poultni
  • Punjab, pən´dʒɑːb, -ɔːb
  • Pyramid, ´pirəmid
  • Pythagoras, pai´θægəræs
  • Quixote, ´kwiksət
  • Rajah, ´rɑːdʒə
  • Raleigh, ´rɔːli, ´ræli
  • Ralph, ´reif, ´rælf, ´rɑːlf
  • Rayleigh, ´reili
  • Reay, ´rei
  • Rehan, ´reiən
  • Renaissance, ri´neisəns
  • Reuter, ´rɔitə
  • Reynard, ´renɑːd
  • Rheims, ´rijmz
  • Rhodesia, rou´dijzjə
  • Rhys, ´rijs
  • Romney, ´rʌmni
  • Rothesay, ´rɔθsi
  • Rouse, ´ruwz, ´raus
  • Rowton, ´rɔːtən
  • Roxburgh, ´rɔksbərə
  • Ruthven, ´rivən
  • Sacheverell, sæ´ʃevərəl
  • St Clair, ´siŋklɛːə
  • St John, ´sindʒən
  • St Leger, sənt´ledʒə, ´siləndʒə
  • St Maur, ´simɔː
  • St Neots, sə´nijts
  • St Paul, sənt´pɔːl
  • St Roch, sənt´rouk
  • Salisbury, ´sɔːlzbəri
  • Saltoun, ´sɔːltaun
  • Sandys, ´sændz
  • Sanhedrin, ´sænhedrin
  • Sassenach, ´sæsenæk
  • Saunders, ´sɑːndəz
  • Scone, ´skuwn
  • Scrymgeour, ´skrimdʒə
  • Searle, ´səːl
  • Selous, sə´luws
  • Seneca, ´senekə
  • Seton, Setoun, ´sijtən
  • Severus, si´vijrəs
  • Shaughnessy, ´ʃɔːnəsi
  • Sherbourne, ´ʃəːbən
  • -shire, ʃə (ʃiə)
  • Shrewsbury, ´ʃruwzbəri, ´ʃrouzbəri
  • Sikh, ´sijk
  • Slough, ´slau
  • Somers, ´sʌməz
  • Somerset, ´sʌməset
  • Sophocles, ´sɔfəklijz
  • Southwark, ´sʌðək
  • Southwell, ´sʌðəl
  • Sphynx, ´sfiŋks
  • Stagirite, ´stædʒirait
  • Stanton, ´stɑːntən
  • Stour, ´stuːə
  • Strachan, ´ʃtrɔːn
  • Stranraer, stræn´raə
  • Symonds, Symons, ´simənz
  • Teignmouth, ´tinməθ
  • Telemachus, te´leməkəs
  • Terpsichore, teː´psikori
  • Thames, ´temz
  • Theobald, ´θibəld, ´θijobɔːld
  • Theseus, ´θijsjuws
  • Thorold, ´θʌrəld
  • Thucydides, θju´sididijz
  • Tighe, ´tai
  • Tintagel, tin´tædʒəl
  • Tollemache, ´tɔlmæʃ
  • Towcester, ´tɔistə
  • Toynbee, ´tɔinbi
  • Trafalgar, trə´fælgə, ´træfəlgɑː
  • Tredegar, tri´dijgə
  • Trefusis, tri´fjuwsis
  • Treloar, tri´lɔːə
  • Trevelyan, tri´viljən, tri´veljən
  • Troubridge, ´truwbridʒ
  • Tynemouth, ´tinməθ
  • Tyrwhitt, ´tirit
  • Urquhart, ´əːkət
  • Uruguay, ´juːrəgwai
  • Uttoxeter, ´ʌksitə
  • Valparaiso, vælpə´raizou
  • Vanbrugh, ´vænbrə
  • Van Dyck, væn´daik
  • Vaughan, ´vɔːn
  • Vavasour, ´vævəsə
  • Venezuela, veniz´weilə
  • Vezin, ´vijzin
  • Viëtor, ´fiːətɔːr
  • Villiers, ´viləz
  • Vinci, ´vintʃi
  • Waldegrave, ´wɔːlgreiv
  • Walhalla, væl´hælə
  • Waugh, ´wɔː
  • Weguelin, ´wegəlin
  • Wemyss, ´wijmz
  • Wesleyan, ´wezliən
  • Willard, wi´lɑːd
  • Wolseley, ´wulzli
  • Worcester, ´wustə
  • Wylie, Wyllie, ´waili
  • Xenophon, ´zenəfən
  • Xerxes, ´zəːksijz
  • Yeames, ´jeimz
  • Yeatman, ´jeitmən
  • Yonge, ´jʌŋ
  • Yosemite, jo´semiti
  • Zenana, zi´nɑːnə
  • Zeus, ´zjuws
  • Zouche, ´zuwʃ
  • Zuider Zee, ´zaidə ´zei

The above lists must be regarded as an experiment. It is not to be expected that the selection of words and in some cases the pronunciation indicated will commend themselves to all readers. Suggestions and criticisms are earnestly invited, so that it may be possible to improve the lists in subsequent editions.


APPENDIX III
On the Teaching of Reading.

Though the teaching of reading does not strictly come within the scope of this book, a few hints may be given on the subject.

For the first stages the student is referred to the wholly admirable work of Miss Dale, based throughout on a careful study of the spoken language.

Later on it is important that the pupils should be able to read aloud with distinct articulation and an agreeable voice. Far the most helpful book is Mr Burrell's "Clear Speaking and Good Reading" (published by Longmans). He dwells on the importance of good breathing and a good posture, and gives suitable exercises for ensuring both. He condemns all that is affected or stagy; indeed his whole book is an eloquent plea for quiet and restraint. He rightly advises the teacher to listen carefully to good speakers, avoiding (as a rule) those of his own profession. In dealing with phonetics he hardly appreciates the advantages attaching to a thorough study of the language as it is actually spoken; but we can recommend without reserve the later chapters of his book (vi. The Reading Lesson; vii. Reading and Reciting; viii. Specimen Lessons in Recitation; ix. On the Higher Study of Reading and Speaking).


APPENDIX IV

The following diagrams serve to show the position of the tongue in the formation of some of the vowels.

Observe the different shapes of the mouth passage through which the breath passes.

(These diagrams were originally prepared by Dr. R. J. Lloyd.)