The D'Arcy White Turk was the sire of Old Hautboy, Grey Royal, and Cannon. The D'Arcy Yellow Turk was the sire of Spanker, Brimmer, and the great great grand-dam of Cartouch. The Marshall, or Sellaby Turk, was the property of Mr. Marshall's brother, stud-master to King William, Queen Anne, and King George the First; he was the sire of some famous runners, but most of them were mares. Curwen's Bay Barb, the Thoulouse Barb, Darley's Arabian, the Belgrade Turk, the Godolphin Arabian, and others, may be referred to under the head Barbs in the First Volume. After having crossed the blood in all possible directions, (as fancy prompted in one place, or prudent deliberation justified in another,) numerous experiments were made (and for large sums) in bringing the different crosses to the post in opposition to each other; when, after every possible refinement, and every judicious exertion, to ascertain the superiority of the Arabian blood, it was at length most clearly proved, that the more they bred in and in with the foreign horses and mares, the more they acquired speed for half a mile or a mile; but became gradually SLOWER, and longer upon the ground, the farther they had to run. This discovery having been made (and proved by various means to be correct) at the very moment of the great Duke of Cumberland's having brought the sport to nearly its present zenith of attraction and celebrity about the year 1760, the rage for Arabian extraction has been gradually upon the decline with the sporting aggregate from that period to the present time; unless with those who have bred more with a view to variation and novelty than SPEED for the TURF.
Races were formerly decided in much shorter distances than at present, and few colts or fillies were then ever brought to the post till four years old. Plates for three years old are now common at all places of sport from one extremity of the kingdom to the other; and matches with two years old COLTS and FILLIES, and even with yearlings, are seen constantly run at Newmarket; and is the very reason why so many of the most valuable are completely ruined, and all their faculties of superior speed destroyed, by the very time they attain the age at which their predecessors STARTED for the FIRST time. Few matches, sweepstakes, or plates, are now decided in a less distance than FOUR MILES, where the horses are five and six years old, as this is considered an unerring criterion of distinguishing between, or annexing BOTTOM to SPEED: many tolerable horses have taken the lead, and kept it for a mile, or even two, that have been nearly distanced in running the FOUR; and a chain of well-observed and corroborating circumstances it was of this kind, that brought the farther propagation of Arabian blood in this country into disrepute. Whether such change may not have been occasioned by private prejudice transformed to public report, may be admitted a doubt; because it is universally known, some, indeed very many, of the fleetest horses this country ever produced, have been the immediate descendants from some of the Arabians before recited.
Flying Childers is said (as stories never lose by transmission) to have ran a mile in a minute: most probably, and most truly, he ran "one third of a mile, at the rate of a MILE in a MINUTE:" it is admitted, he ran, with nine stone two pounds upon his back, FOUR MILES in six minutes and forty-eight seconds; and this horse was undoubtedly got by, and the immediate descendant of, Darley's Arabian. Firetail and Pumpkin ran a mile in a minute and a half; and each of their pedigrees run in a double and treble degree into the best Arabian blood in only two generations. Bay Malton ran four miles over York (in the year 1763) in seven minutes, forty-three seconds and a half; and his blood was in and in from the Godolphin Arabian, and two Barbs in parallel directions. Eclipse ran the four miles over York, carrying twelve stone, in eight minutes, without going at his rate; and his pedigree goes directly on the side of the DAM to Regulus, who was got by the Godolphin Arabian; and through his sire Marsk to Squirt, who was got by Bartlet's Childers; from which chain of authenticated facts, it should incontrovertibly appear to every mind of impartiality, that the breed of blood horses in England has been very much improved by the judicious crosses so successfully introduced. The pedigrees of all thorough bred horses have been so long and so justly recorded, that Mr. Weatherby has given in his Stud Book, the accurate origin of above FOUR THOUSAND horses, mares, colts, and fillies, the produce of the last sixty years only, (exclusive of numbers of an earlier date,) and in which may be traced the precise pedigree of every particular horse, up to the origin of any race or blood upon record.
RACING
,—in its most common and comprehensive signification, might be supposed to imply racing in general between either MEN or HORSES; it is, however, in fashionable acceptation, applied principally to the latter, which is a most noble, exhilarating and fascinating enjoyment, to all classes of people, in all parts of the kingdom, during the summer season, when every other field sport is buried in a temporary oblivion, and every species of GAME, HOUNDS, and HUNTERS, are legally at REST. Racing, in itself, is a harmless privileged pleasure, so immediately congenial to the disposition of the people of this country, that each revolving year seems to produce its increasing attraction. From the great alacrity with which it is followed, the rapture with which it is enjoyed, and the genial season at which it takes place, it should seem to have been instituted under the peculiar dispensation of Providence; where the annual meeting of old and long-parted friends, in every distinct district in succession, "makes the heart glad;" and where MIRTH seems to have taken possession of every face, from the PRINCE to the peasant, who one and all dispel sorrow, and set care at defiance. In full confirmation of this unexaggerated representation, a SUBSCRIPTION is locally raised in various CITIES, TOWNS, and districts, amongst the NOBILITY, GENTRY, and independent inhabitants, to constitute and encourage so rational and happy a scene, in which the poor industrious rustic may innocently partake, and cheerfully enjoy one day of rest from his labour.
The money thus collected (by a person who is previously appointed Clerk of the Course) is then delivered into the hands of NOBLEMEN or GENTLEMEN resident in the neighbourhood, who generally feel themselves honoured by the solicitation of the subscribers to undertake the office of STEWARDS, and who exert every degree of personal influence to encourage and promote a kind of jubilee, in which the happiness of every heart, and the pleasing reflection of every mind, is absolutely absorbed for a circumference of many miles. The RACING FUND having reached its utmost point of accumulation, is divided into purses (called PLATES) of FIFTY POUNDS each, and announced for horses of different ages and qualifications, in the provincial newspaper of the particular district in which the plates are given; as well as in "The Racing Calendar," where all such advertisements appear. Various particulars respecting the minutiæ of RACING will be found under the different heads of Horse Racing, Jockey Club, King's Plate, Newmarket, Training, and Turf; it being impracticable to bring so great a variety of distinct combined, and complicated matter, into any one single point of view.
RACK
.—The railed convenience constructed above the MANGER in a stable for the reception of the HAY is so called. It should be so formed, as to have alternate openings at the bottom, for the dust and seeds to pass through: and although it is become a practice exceedingly prevalent, to have the rack on one side, instead of the center of the stall, there is no good or rational plea can be advanced in justification of such innovation: on the contrary, it compulsively accustoms the horse to stand with his hind-quarters mostly on one side of the stall, by which his bedding is constantly and inevitably deranged almost as soon as it is set fair.
RAILS LAND
,—are birds of passage, of a simply beautiful variegated plumage, in size about midway between a whole snipe and a PARTRIDGE, partaking, in an equal degree of formation, between both, in respect to the shape of the body, head, and beak, which are in a direct line of mediocrity between the two. They are found singly in different parts of England (but very thinly scattered) in the months of July, August, and September, in the standing CORN and CLOVER, but principally in the latter, where, when found, they are prejudicial to pointers, by their incessantly running, while the dog continues drawing (in a kind of walking pursuit) till patience being quite exhausted, the dog is induced to play the SPANIEL, and make a springing effort before they can be forced to take wing; when once upon which, it must be a very indifferent shot who does not bring them down. Though a very scarce bird in the centrical parts of the kingdom, (being much more plentiful in counties upon the coast,) they are exceedingly numerous in Ireland, and particularly near the capital; there they are called CORN-CREAKS, found in every standing grass-field during the months of May and June, where corn-creak shooting is in almost equal practice with PARTRIDGE or SNIPE shooting in this country.
RAKING
—is the old and ridiculous (or rather unnatural) custom of oiling the hand, and introducing it at the SPHINCTER of the ANUS, to extract the indurated dung, when the horse labours under severe inflammatory cholic, arising from previous constipation. The only reason adduced to justify the practice is, its being one means of obtaining immediate relief; and if that relief could be readily obtained to a certainty, the adoption could not with propriety be so totally condemned. The fact is, that this custom, like many others in the old code of VETERINARY LAW, is only a powerful shield for the protection of indolence; for one glyster would do more in liquifying and bringing away the hardened fæces, than back-raking (as it is called) would effect in an hour: but one makes the show of business, which is what the lower class of SMITHS and FARRIERS prefer in general, to the most useful and expeditious execution.
RANGER
.—This is an office of trust, appertaining to the LAWS of a FOREST, where there are generally two, as principal and deputy ranger; to the latter of whom the executive department more materially extends: it is his peculiar province to take occasional cognizance of all matters within the limits (or what are termed purlieus) of the forest, and to make presentation of all offences and offenders at the proper courts when held. This is also an office of honor, greatly superior to KEEPERS, BAILIFFS, and other subordinates.
RATTLING in the Head
.—When a horse is heard to rattle in the head, it denotes obstructions, and affords ample proof that a cold has been recently caught, or the glandular secretions impeded. Such rattlings being loud and frequent, (or rather incessant,) with large indurated tumefactions underneath the jaw, accompanied by a slimy, viscid, fœtid, discoloured discharge from the nostrils, danger should be instantly guarded against, as Farcy or Glanders will most probably ensue.
RAT-TAIL
.—A horse having a long dock, and little or no hair upon it, is said to be rat-tailed. There are not wanting a certain description of sporting speculators, who go a little farther in their definition, adding, most sapiently, that "a rat-tail horse is always a good one."
RAT-TAILS
—is a disgusting kind of defect, or disease, which is seldom known to affect any horses, but those of a coarse and gummy constitution: to this internal grossness, and omission in not properly cleansing within, as well as the effect of filth and nastiness without, may be attributed the origin and progress of this very unsightly and vexatious disorder. Rat-tails are parallel lines, running longitudinally from just below the hock, on the outside, to the pastern joint, bearing no dissimilar appearance to the tail of the animal just mentioned, from whence the name is derived. From the acrimonious ichor by which they are fed, the parts become excoriated, and bear a different complexion, according to their recent and more advanced state. Various and variegated are the remedies prescribed for their obliteration, of which numbers are without judgment, and probably as many without thought. The expeditious cure depends in no small degree upon the virulence it has acquired by the length of its duration. Frequent fomentations of warm gelatinous gruel, with a soft sponge, to soften the regidity of the scabby surface, seems the most rational mode that can possibly be adopted: this ceremony may be followed when the parts are completely dry, with a plentiful impregnation of strong mercurial ointment, repeated as often as the mild or inveterate state of the case may render necessary: gently detergent repellants, or slightly corroding stimulants, may be required, if the disorder is of long standing; at any rate, internal correctors should go hand in hand with external applications.
REARING
—is the most dangerous vice of all a restive horse retains in the catalogue of his untoward qualifications: it is generally termed REARING an END, and when carried to the extreme, is hazardous beyond description; as it is hardly possible for the best horseman existing to keep his seat, when a horse repeatedly assumes that unnatural position. Recent instances have occurred directly opposite in their consequences; one in which the RIDER was killed; in the other, the horse. In such an alarming and critical predicament, the most probable means of safety is, to gradually loosen the reins, and, by bearing the weight of the body close to the neck of the horse, endeavour to accelerate his preponderation.
RECHASING
—is a sporting term, but little known, and never used, except in the official language of a forest and its environs. Rechasing is the discovery and driving home of outlying deer, and other beasts, to the district from whence they had strayed.
RECHEAT
—is a recall of the hounds with the horn.
REGULUS
,—the name of a horse whose performances upon the turf, and celebrity as a STALLION, were never exceeded in this kingdom. He was bred by Lord Chedworth, and foaled in 1739. He was got by the Godolphin Arabian; his dam by the Bald Galloway, grand-dam by Snake, out of Old Wilkes, a daughter of Old Hautboy. Regulus won seven ROYAL plates in one year, and never was beat. He afterwards covered in the north, and was the sire of Adolphus, Trajan, the dam of Eclipse, the grand-dam of Highflyer, and many other capital horses and mares; through whose veins his blood has been transmitted in direct and oblique lines to every stud of eminence in the kingdom. Since which there have been three of the same name in succession. The first bred by Mr. Basset, foaled in 1750, got by Regulus, dam by Whitefoot, grand-dam by Hip. The second bred by Mr. Salt, foaled in 1764, got by Regulus, dam by Regulus, (bred in and in,) grand-dam by Partner. The last was foaled in 1788, got by Young Morwick, dam by Turk, grand-dam by Young Cade.
REINS
—are the parts of a bridle which are affixed to the eyes of the bit, or bits, on each side a horse's mouth, pass up the horse's neck, and are united at the reverse end, where the junction of both are held in the hand of the rider. A snaffle-bridle, and a hard-and-sharp, have each of them two reins; a Pelham and a Weymouth have each four.
REINS
.—The reins of a horse are the parts where the kidnies are seated; and the word is generally used in a synonymous sense with loins. When a disorder arises, or a defect is observed, in these parts, it may be supposed to have originated in some short and sudden turn in a narrow stall; carrying too heavy a weight, or drawing too large a load. Whenever such injury is sustained, a difficulty of staling, partial dribblings, or the urine very high-coloured, and tinged with blood, will soon point out the seat of the complaint.
REINS Pillar
.—Those affixed to the centrical pillars of a RIDING SCHOOL are so called; as are those likewise, by which the horse is kept confined ready for his rider, when saddled, bridled, and turned round in his stall.
RELAY
.—A relay of HORSES is a supply of fresh ones fixed at some particular spot, to exchange either upon a journey, or during the chase. A relay of HOUNDS more particularly applies to hunting excursions, where a part of the pack is alternately detached to a certain place of destination, that, by a relay of both HORSES and HOUNDS, the sport may be continued daily, without intermission, during the week.
REPOSITORIES
—are placed in the metropolis, where horses are received for PUBLIC or PRIVATE sale, and where they are regularly bought and sold by AUCTION, on certain days in every week. This is an accommodation of so much convenience and utility to those who have occasion either to BUY or to SELL suddenly, that the succession of horses is incessant, and the PROPRIETORS never feel a want of public patronage. The three long-established repositories are Tattersal's, near Hyde Park Corner; Aldridge's, in St. Martin's Lane; and Langhorn's, (called the City Repository,) in Barbican. The days of sale at the first are Mondays and Thursdays; at the second, on Wednesdays; and at the latter, on Fridays. Tattersal's is the principal receptacle for horses in high estimation, as running horses, stallions, brood mares, hunters, and the superior kind of hacknies. Carriages and HARNESS may be deposited here for sale by auction, or private contract; as may also HOUNDS, POINTERS, SPANIELS, GREYHOUNDS, or any sporting stock whatever.
Aldridge's was the original as a repository, and the first institution of the kind in the kingdom. It was opened upon speculation by a Mr. Beaver, in which he acquired fame and fortune. This is principally appropriated to the sale of hunters, light carriage horses, famous trotters, sporting-like hacknies, and others of every description; from which universality of accommodation (notwithstanding the great extent of the premises) there is but very seldom a single stall to spare. The sales at Langhorn's principally consist of stage-coach, waggon and cart horses, hacks, and occasionally government horses of the dismounted cavalry.
These repositories are conducted upon principles of the most unsullied integrity by the present proprietors; and under fixed regulations, which admit of no opening for cavil or discontent. Horses sent in for SALE are immediately BOOKED, with the instructions of the owner; whether he is to be sold to the best bidder, or a specific sum mentioned, at less than which he is not to be disposed of. The expences are as follow; a certain price per day and night, as long as he is continued there. If brought out, and put up at the hammer, and not sold, half a crown. If sold, the commission for selling is five per cent. in addition to the auction duty of ten-pence in every POUND; but if sold by private contract, either before or after the PUBLIC AUCTION, no duty to government is payable whatever.
Other rules attach invariably to each establishment. Horses may be sold with or without a WARRANTY, at the option of the owner. If sold bona fide to the BEST BIDDER, and no declaration made, or questions asked, respecting SOUNDNESS, he is then said to be sold with all his faults; which the purchaser must abide by, and has no plea for return, however he may repent the purchase he has made. On the contrary, when the horse is sold at the hammer, and warranted sound, under the authority of, and by commission from, the owner, although the purchase-money is deposited when the horse is taken away, yet the purchaser has that and the following clear day to ascertain the perfect, sound and healthy state of the horse so purchased, when during which time so allotted him, if he returns the horse or mare, with proper and indisputable proof of palpable lameness or defect, the purchase-money is of course returned, and such horse or mare again becomes the property of the former owner: and for the regular support of this equitable and necessary part of the establishment, no person selling such horse at either of the repositories, can demand the money in payment till two clear days from the day of sale. Instances sometimes arise, where the owner of a horse sold with a WARRANTY, has refused to accede to the return of the purchase-money, upon a plea of justification, that such horse or mare was positively SOUND when sold. In cases of this kind, the proprietor of the repository retains the money in hand; an action is commenced against him by the purchaser of the horse returned, (for the money so paid, and which he cannot get back,) upon being indemnified by the original owner; he becomes the NOMINAL DEFENDANT, and the case goes before a JURY, to be decided by the glorious uncertainty of the law; as in all HORSE CAUSES, the witnesses are so critically conscientious, that there are generally as many OATHS on one side as the other.
RESTIVE
.—A horse is said to be RESTIVE, not merely because he is obstinate and untractable, but because there is a tendency to vice; or he is constitutionally inclined to add mischief to ill-temper. Horses of this disposition are sometimes incorrigible, and are never broken of so dangerous and (frequently) destructive a quality. When young horses first begin to display appearances of RESTIVENESS, in not passing particular objects or places, turning round, running back, or rearing an end, lenient means, and gentle patient methods, are certainly the best and most proper expedients, by which alone many are brought to immediate subjection. On the contrary, a too hasty, violent and imprudent proceeding, has often made that a lasting and invincible, which would only have proved a trifling and temporary inconvenience. Should all gentle and persuasive means fail of the desired effect, and no signs of obedience be produced, more powerful measures should be had recourse to, till the point of victory can be obtained; but they should on no consideration whatever, be tinctured with CRUELTY or INHUMANITY, for they are almost invariably productive of an inveterate spirit of opposition to restraint, which can never be subdued.
RETAIN
—is a term applicable only to the act of propagation between a HORSE and MARE: when the mare is stinted, and will receive the horse no more, she is then said to retain, (the masculine semen,) and considered safe in respect to conception, and the future production of a foal.
RHEUMATISM
.—That horses are afflicted with pains similar to those of the human species, is long since established beyond all power of controversy and contradiction. Dr. Darwin fixes its seat in the tendinous coats of the muscles, and attributes the pain to inspissated mucus left upon their surface; acting in the motion of the limbs as some extraneous substance, exciting extreme irritability and symptomatic inflammation. Horses are not only constantly liable to, but frequently attacked with, this disorder, which is more or less violent in different subjects, according to the state they happen to be in at the time of attack; and in some degree the cause by which it was occasioned. Professional judgment, deliberate examination, and nice discrimination, are all truly necessary to distinguish and decide upon this disorder. It is no uncommon thing for hasty and rash practitioners to look at such cases superficially, to embrocate, blister, and even fire, horses for a LAMENESS, when the cause of such defect has originated in the local pain described. Some horses are so much and so severely affected, as to be almost or quite unable to move, unless forced from their position; others, after standing in their stalls for two or three days, will suddenly fall, as if totally exhausted, and lay in extreme pain, with their legs extended to the utmost, take their food as they lay, and never attempt to rise, till compelled so to do by force and powerful assistance; in which state some horses remain for a month or six weeks before they are perfectly relieved, when they become repossessed of all their faculties, and are never known to experience a relapse. Repeated bleedings, strong spirituous stimulative embrocations, great and constant frictions, (after hot aromatic fomentations,) upon the parts affected, covering the extremities with flannel rollers, and giving cordial invigorants internally twice a day, are the only rational and scientific means of obtaining certain and expeditious alleviation and cure.
RIBS
.—The ribs of a horse are too well known to require description; it being only applicable to observe, that the conformation of the carcase in a material degree constitutes one feature of the complexion requisite to the standard of beauty. A horse should have a round barrel (or body) to be handsome; if he is flat in the ribs, he is then said to be flat carcased, is generally tucked up, high in the hip-bones, hollow in the flank, and commonly a bad feeder, particularly after a little hard work, which prevents his being held very high in estimation.
RIDGES
.—The transverse wrinkles (or bars) across the roof of a horse's mouth are so called. In all matters of emergency, accidents, or sudden indisposition, when a farrier cannot be expeditiously obtained, or a fleam procured, an incision across the fourth or fifth ridge with even a common penknife, will always prove a very convenient extemporaneous substitute for a more plentiful evacuation.
RIDING-SCHOOL
—is a convenient receptacle, with every accommodation for riding in the winter season, and where the young of both sexes are taught to ride by proper masters. Of these there are many in the Metropolis of much celebrity; among the most eminent are Captain Carter's, near Grosvernor Square; Mr. Cowling's, Moorfields; Mr. Jones's, Royal Circus; Mr. Astley's Amphitheatre, Westminster Bridge; Mr. Hall's, Piccadilly; and Mr. Davis's, in Edgware Road; at most of which horses are completely broke and bitted for purposes of every denomination.
RIG
.—A horse is so called upon whom the operation of CASTRATION has been ill performed; by leaving one of the TESTES, or so much of the EPIDIDYMIS, behind, as enables him to become exceedingly teazing and troublesome to mares, either in the field or stable. There have been instances of COLTS having been cut by ignorant and illiterate operators, who, by letting one of the testes recede during the process, it has remained, and the horse then retains the power of propagating; many such having been known to get FOALS.
RING-BONE
—is an ossified enlargement upon the pastern, originating in a ligamentary twist, and consequent protrusion, at the junction of the pastern with the coronary-bone; it forms a callous substance soon after the injury, and ossifies in a very short time. Some horses do moderate work without much seeming inconvenience; others become lame, and frequently continue so, in opposition to every endeavour at alleviation or cure. A ring-bone seldom submits to either the strongest REPELLENTS, SOLVENTS, or BLISTERING. The best method to avoid disappointment in waiting the effect of either, is to FIRE the part in the form of a star, so soon as the protrusion (or prominence) is at first perceived.
ROAN
.—A horse is called a roan in colour, when his coat seems to be formed of the mixed combination of sorrel and white hairs in nearly an equal proportion. Horses of this description are, in general, of no great attraction, although they may prove equal in execution with others of every colour: the prevalence of opinion, however, is, that they are weaker in constitution, less likely to work, and more subject to disease.
ROCKINGHAM
.—This horse, now in so much estimation as a STALLION, proved himself, by his performances, to be one of the best bred and best bottomed of any this kingdom ever produced. He was bred in the north, by Mr. Pratt, foaled in 1781; and got by Highflyer, out of Purity, who was got by Matchem, out of Mr. Pratt's old Squirt mare. In 1784, when three years old, he won a sweepstakes at Nottingham of 50 guineas each, 3 subscribers. In 1785, when Mr. Wentworth's, he won a match for 500 guineas over the Beacon Course at Newmarket. The same meeting he won the Jockey Club Plate, beating five others: he also beat his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales's Hardwicke, 9 stone each, over the Beacon, 300 guineas. He was then purchased by the Prince, and beat Clay-hall Marsk, a match, Beacon Course, for 500 guineas, giving him 5 lb. in weight. In 1786, he won a 50l. Plate at Newmarket, beating Delpini, Clay-hall, and George. He won the subscription of 50 guineas each, (6 subscribers,) at Ascot Heath, and a 50l. Plate. At the sale of his Royal Highness's stud he was bought by Mr. Bullock. He then won the King's Hundred at Litchfield; 70 guineas at Newmarket, and 60 guineas also; beating four others; as well as 70 guineas, beating the well known Drone, and several others. In 1787, he won 525 guineas, (the great subscription of 50 guineas each, half forfeit,) beating Fox, Delpini, Marplot, Drone, Oberon, and Pilot; receiving forfeit from Mr. O'Kelly's Dungannon, and six others. He also won a 50l. the King's two Plates; the renewed 140 guineas, 70 guineas, 60 guineas, and 70 guineas, all at Newmarket; the King's Plate at Guildford, the King's Plate at Winchester, the King's Plate at Nottingham, the King's Plate and the Town Plate at York.
In 1788, he was purchased of Mr. Bullock by Lord Barrymore for 2500 guineas; after which he won the King's Plate at Newmarket; the Jockey Club Plate; and a match against Sir G. Armytage's Stargazer, giving her 8 lb. Beacon Course, for 300 guineas, and beat her half a mile; rode by Lord Barrymore, which was the last time he started. He was then announced as a STALLION, to cover at Bennington, near Stevenage, Herts. at 10 guineas a mare, and 1 guinea the groom. So anxious were the SPORTING WORLD to try his PRODUCE, that, in 1792, Mr. Panton's Coddy Moddy, by Rockingham, out of Seagul's dam, and Mr. Fox's Filly, by Rockingham, out of Emily, each won 100 guineas at Newmarket, being then only two years old. In 1793 was brought to the post, Patriot, (Mr. Panton's,) who won 100 guineas, 100 guineas, and 105 guineas, at Newmarket. Portland, (Mr. Hammond's,) who won 100 guineas, and 100 guineas, at Newmarket, and 100 guineas at Doncaster; and Young Rockingham, (Mr. Denton's,) who won 50l. at Peterborough, 50l. at Reading, and 50l. at Egham. In 1794, Lord Grosvenor's Bay Colt, who won 1400 guineas at Newmarket. Bennington, (Mr. Wilson's,) who won 50 guineas, 100 guineas, 300 guineas, 600 guineas, and 100 guineas, at Newmarket. Brother Red Cap, (Mr. Bullock's,) 50l. at Chelmsford, and 100 guineas at Newmarket. Miss Pumpkin, 50 guineas at Newmarket. Mother Red Cap, 50l. at Winchester, 22 guineas at Cirencester, and 50l. at Worcester. Owen Tudor, the silver cup, and 20 guineas, at Bath, 50l. at Bridgnorth, and 50 guineas at Epsom. This year Patriot won seven Plates and sweepstakes, at Stamford, Grantham, Nottingham, Lincoln, and Doncaster.
In 1795 was produced of his get, Arabella, (Mr. Cosen's,) who won 50 guineas at Newmarket, and 50l. at Shrewsbury. Lord Grosvenor's Bay Colt of last year won 700 guineas at Newmarket, and 50l. at Huntingdon. Bennington won the second class of the Oatlands at Newmarket, 50 guineas each, 19 subscribers. Brother Red Cap, 40 guineas at Bath, and 50l. at Epsom. Euphrasia, 100 guineas at Bath, and 50l. at Newcastle. Patriot, two fifties at Newmarket, and 180 guineas at Nantwich. Portland, 50 guineas at Newmarket. Susannah, 50l. at Derby, and 50l. at Penrith. In 1796, Arabella won 100 guineas at Newmarket, and 50l. at Newcastle. Patriot, 100 guineas, and 100 guineas, at Chester, 50l. at Nottingham, and 50l. at Warwick. Susannah, the Queen's Plate of 100 guineas at Chelmsford, and two fifties at Reading. In 1797, Bennington won a 50l. and the first class of the July and October Oatlands, at Newmarket, beating Viret, Wrangler, Parrot, Hornpipe, Plumette, Rattle, William, Sober Robin, Cymbeline, Letitia, and Rosolio. Patriot won 50l. at Nottingham, 50l. at Warwick, and 50l. at Boroughbridge. In 1798, Bennington won 50 guineas, and 50 guineas, at Newmarket, 50l. at Brighton, and 50l. at Lewes. Patriot won 50l. at York. In 1799, Bellina (Lord Grosvenor's) won the Oaks Stakes of 50 guineas each at Epsom, 24 subscribers, and 50l. at Stockbridge. Logie O'Buchan (Mr. Lonsdale's) won 50l. and 80l. at Manchester, two fifties at Morpeth, and 50l. at Carlisle. In 1800, Mr. Bettison's Brown Colt won 50l. at Derby, and 50l. at Northampton. Kill Devil, (Mr. Hemming's,) only three years old, won ten prizes; 75 guineas at Bridgnorth, 50l. at Nantwich, 100 guineas, and two fifties, at Haverfordwest, two fifties at Hereford, 30 guineas and 50l. at Shrewsbury, and 50l. at Newmarket. Logie O'Buchan won the King's Plate at Edinburgh, two fifties at Montrose, and 50l. at Air. Statesman (now Sacripant) (Mr. White's) won 50l. at Newmarket, 50l. at Epsom, and 50l. at Worcester. In addition to which, there are many other good runners, who have won a considerable number of prizes.
ROUSE
,—a term in STAG HUNTING: when an out-lying deer is found by the hounds in covert, he is said to be ROUSED. When a deer is carted, and carried to any particular spot for sport, and there liberated, he is then said to be TURNED OUT. For instance, we draw the COVERTS, and ROUSE a deer. We try for and unkennel a FOX; or we take trail, and START A HARE.
ROWEL
.—The small circular star, with sharp points, moving upon a pivot at the heel of the spur, is so called, and which the horse, in breaking, is taught to obey.
ROWEL in a Horse
,—is a well-known operation, resorted to upon every possible occasion by common farriers, as "a salve for every SORE;" where they have neither judgment to guide or discretion to direct them. It is performed by making an incision through the skin, large enough to admit the point of a finger, which is then insinuated all round the orifice between the skin and the flesh, as far as the extent of the finger can conveniently reach. A thin round piece of leather being previously provided, about the size of a crown-piece, having a large hole in the middle, is covered over with a thin pledget of fine tow, nicely bound round the marginal part; but the hole in the centre is left open: it is then dipped into a melted composition of digestive ointment, and a moderate proportion of turpentine, and is insinuated into the wound. The operation being thus completed, the inflammation soon commences, and swelling ensues; this is followed at first by a discharge of yellowish serum or lymph, which in three or four days is converted into a thick substantial white matter, when the rowel is said to work.
Rowelling has ever been a favourite adoption with farriers of the old school, although very few have ever been known able to give a scientific and satisfactory explanation of its effects. It is said by them "to draw off the humours;" and others are so truly and obstinately illiterate, as to affirm, that "rowels draw off the corrupt and bad blood, leaving the good behind." In confirmation of which opinion, they introduce them in almost every case that can possibly occur, and with almost every horse, without exception. It was allowed by Bracken, "they might be proper in all aches and pains, cold phlegmatic swellings, and sometimes lameness and infirmities of the legs; that they might also give relief where there is a fulness and redundancy of humours, and in defluxions from the eyes." Immediately upon which he admits, what is most truly and scientifically the fact, "that the horse might as well, nay better, lose as much BLOOD every day, as he does matter by the ROWELL." This is so strictly consonant to truth, that it cannot be controverted: the discharge is equally blood, with what at the time flows in the veins; but it is diverted of its colour by the inflammation artificially excited, and its extravasation.
RULES in Buying
—will be found very largely explained under the head, Horse.
RUNNING HORSES
.—See Horse Racing, Newmarket, Jockey Club, King's Plate, and Racing.
RUNNING THRUSH
.—The defect so called, is a varicous state of the centrical cleft of the frog, from whence oozes a fœtid corrosive ichor, which continues to putrify and destroy the whole, in proportion to the length of time it is neglected. In many instances, where the frog seems hard and sound upon the surface, the confined acrid cause is corroding underneath, and frequently breaks out on either side; when which is the case, the hard and horny part must be superficially removed, so that the proper applications may come into immediate contact with the parts below: for so long as the diseased and disunited parts remain at top, so long is there harbour for the insinuation and retention of gravel, dirt, sand, or any other extraneous substance; and while this is permitted to continue, a regeneration of the parts destroyed cannot be expected. The leading steps to cure, are to keep the diseased frog remarkably clean, by washings with warm water and a sponge, after each time of the horse's being used, or taken to exercise. When dry, equal proportions of TINCTURE of MYRRH and FRIAR'S BALSAM (previously incorporated) should be poured upon the part, so as to admit of its reaching equally every remote interstice where the corroding cause may have penetrated; this will obtund the acrimonious property of the morbid ichor, and promote a speedy restoration of whatever may have been destroyed. Solutions of Roman vitriol, and other escharotics, are favourite applications with the lower orders; who either do not know, or will not give themselves time to consider, that their invariable effect is to contract the parts to such a degree of internal rigidity, and external horny hardness, that the frog is absolutely annihilated, the bars of the foot destroyed, the heel narrowed; the bottom of the hoof, when held up, has much the resemblance of a vacuum, of burnt appearance, as if the contents had been intentionally scooped out by gradational degrees of cauterization.