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The Stock Exchange from Within

Chapter 64: INDEX
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About This Book

An experienced broker offers a practical, insider account of securities markets, describing how exchanges create prices and liquidity, the economic purpose of organized trading, and the mechanics and ethics of speculation, short selling, and bears. Chapters examine relations with banks, publicity and regulatory safeguards, the causes and handling of panics with a close study of the 1907 crisis, historical legislative attempts to restrain speculation, a day‑to‑day primer for beginners, and comparative sketches of London and Paris bourses, plus an appended commission report.

INDEX

Asterisks indicate foot-notes

  • Account Day, in London, 372.
  • Advertising, Abuse of, 434.
  • Advertising, by members prohibited, 56.
  • Agents de Change, 51.
  • Agents de Change (see Paris Bourse).
  • Agora, of Greece, 262.
  • Aldrich, plan, 101.
  • Allard A., Crises in France, 219*.
  • American Acad. of Polit. and Social Science, 16*, 26*, 32*, 80*, 102*, 191*.
  • American Bankers’ Association, 207.
  • American, finance of future, 377.
  • American Institute of Banking, 208*.
  • Arbitrage brokers, duties of, 283.
  • Ashley, W. T., on Economic History, 224.
  • Assignats, 390.
  • Atlantic Monthly, 288*.
  • Bagehot, Walter, on Credulity of Speculators, 92.
  • Bagehot, Walter, on Banking, 99.
  • Bagehot, Walter, on Panics, 215–218;
  • Lombard Street, 378*.
  • Balkan Crisis of 1912, 76, 340, 368, 369.
  • Banking and Currency Problem in U. S., by Victor Morawetz, 209*.
  • Banking facilities in London, 362.
  • Bank loans, N. Y. (1904–1907), 190;
  • in the U. S. (1904–1907), 192;
  • in London, 362.
  • Bank of England, 324, 328, 357.
  • Bank of England, Origin of, 18*.
  • Bank of France and currency, 209;
  • and Bourse, 396;
  • and Germany, 209.
  • Banks, certifications of checks, 113;
  • borrowings by London brokers, 353.
  • Bank, deposits in N. Y., 125.
  • Bankers as peacemakers, 371.
  • Bank stock, earliest form of, 324.*
  • Baring, A., on Financial Crises, 219*.
  • Baring failure, 156, 376.
  • Barnard, Sir John, Act to prevent stock-jobbing, 226.
  • Barometer, The Stock Exchange as a, 23, 190, 308, 309.
  • Bearer certificates, 365, 374.
  • Bears, Value of, 76;
  • in Germany, 77. (See short selling).
  • Benefactions and charities of members, 317.
  • Bewes, W. A., Stock Exchange Law and Practice, 379*.
  • Bisschop, W. R., Rise of the London Money Market, 379*.
  • Black Friday, 251.
  • Blackmar, Frank W. on Legislation against Speculation, 255.
  • Bond brokers on ’Change, 282.
  • Borrowing and lending stocks in N. Y.. and London, 353–4.
  • Bourse, Origin of, 12*.
  • Bourse, Paris. (See Paris).
  • Bradstreet’s, 202*.
  • Branch offices, 426.
  • Brokers in London, relation to jobbers, 335, 339;
  • methods, 372 et seq. (See London Stock Exchange).
  • Browning, R., on Currency, 219*.
  • Bryce, James, on Good Citizenship, 133.
  • Bucket-shops, 55, 143, 252, 435.
  • Bucket-shops, War against, 149.
  • Burr, Aaron, 31.
  • Burton, Theodore E., on Financial Crises, 183*;
  • on Forecasting, 191, 197, 198.
  • Burton, Theodore E., on Crisis-producing conditions, 216*.
  • Burton, Theodore E., on Currency, 208.
  • Business Conduct Committee, 255
  • Business on ’Change, how conducted, 288, et seq.
  • Cable service, Excellence of, 284*.
  • Cammack, Addison, on publicity, 161.
  • Capital of brokerage houses, 152.
  • Capital, reasons for scarcity of, 122;
  • exports of in London, 366.
  • Carry-over, contango, 375–6*.
  • Central Bank in America, 101.
  • Certificates, registered and bearer, 365, 374.
  • Certifications of stockbroker’s checks, 113.
  • Chamber of Commerce, N. Y., 206.
  • Chambre Syndicale, of Paris Bourse, 393.
  • Change Alley, 327.
  • Charities and benefactions of members, 317.
  • Chicago Board of Trade Case in U. S. Circuit Court, 65;
  • in U. S. Supreme Court, 66*.
  • China, Speculative possibilities in, 62.
  • Clearance Orders, 279.
  • Clearing House, N. Y. Banks, 109.
  • Clearing House, N. Y. Stock Exchange, 119, 426;
  • London, 365, 373.
  • Clearings, volume of, in N. Y. and London, 344.
  • Coffee Exchange, 442.
  • Colbert, and the French manufacturers, 254.
  • Collectors, on ’Change, 315.
  • Collegium mercatorum at Rome, 16*.
  • Commercial honor on ’Change, 264.
  • Commission dealers in markets for produce, 8.
  • Commissions, rate of, N. Y., 278, 281;
  • in London, 342;
  • in Paris, 395.
  • Committee of Arrangements, 277.
  • Committee on Stock List, requirements of, 363.
  • Companies Act, in England, 147*.
  • “Comparisons” by stockbrokers, 120.
  • Competition, essential to freedom of trade, 5.
  • Comptroller of Currency, Report of, 126*.
  • Conant, Charles A., on Establishment of prices, 28.
  • Conant, Charles A., on Short-sales, 89*, 93*;
  • on manipulation, 175*.
  • Conant, Charles A., on Stock Exchange Quotations, 29*.
  • Conant, Charles A., on Value of American Securities, 14*.
  • Consolidated Stock Exchange, 428.
  • Consols, as affected by war, 368;
  • dealings in, 374.
  • Construction News (Chicago), 202*.
  • Contango, 375–6*.
  • Control of members by governors, 265.
  • Conveniences for members, 304.
  • Cordage Trust, 30, 311.
  • Corner in Northern Pacific stock, 290.
  • Corners, 30;
  • opinions of Hughes Commission, 423.
  • Corn Laws, History of the, J. Shield Nicholson, 255.
  • Cost of Living, 8.
  • Cotton Exchange, 441.
  • Coulisse, in Paris, 397, et seq.;
  • membership, 398;
  • origin, 401;
  • progress, 402;
  • history, 404;
  • volume of business, 405.
  • Coulissiers, 51.
  • Courtois, A., on manipulation, 175*;
  • Opérations de Bourse, 393*.
  • Credit Cycles and Origin of Panics, John Mill, 204*.
  • Crises and depressions, 183*.
  • Criticism of the Stock Exchange, 29.
  • Crocker, W. H., on depressions, 219*.
  • Curb market, 141, 431–2–3.
  • Currency and the panic of 1907, 206, 210.
  • Currency, famines in America, 123;
  • inadequate laws, 352, 357;
  • contrasts with London, 353.
  • Currency, panic of 1893, 199*.
  • Daily settlements in N. Y., 349.
  • Daly, Justice, opinion, 236*.
  • Denis, H., depressions, 219*.
  • Denslow, Van Buren, on Prices and Values, 6*.
  • Depositors in banks, number of, 126.
  • Depressions, in relation to panics, 183*.
  • Deutsche Bank, opinion on Bourse Law, 78, 243.
  • Deutsche Kapitalmarkt, by Rudolph Eberstadt, 32*.
  • Dictionnaire d’Economie Politique, by Paul Leroy-Beaulieu, 44*.
  • Discipline, as maintained on ’Change, 266–7, 277.
  • Disconto-Gesellschaft, opinion on Bourse Law, 244.
  • Discounting the future, 23.
  • Disputes and differences, adjustment of, 294.
  • Diversions of members, 313.
  • Doremus, Robert L., on transactions, 173*.
  • Dresdner Bank, opinion on Bourse Law, 78, 244.
  • Duguid, Chas., Story of the Stock Exchange, 32*.
  • Eadie, J, on panics, 219*.
  • Eames, Francis L., on The N. Y. Stock Exchange, 32*.
  • East India Company, 325.
  • Eberstadt, Rudolph, Der Deutsche Kapitalmarkt, 32*.
  • Economics, by Francis W. Blackmar, 255.
  • Economiste Français, 163*, 349*.
  • Economist, London, 16, 18*, 19, 197. (See Hirst, Francis W.).
  • Egyptian Speculation, 62.
  • Emery, Henry Crosby, on Advantages of broad speculative markets, 61.
  • Emery, Henry Crosby, on German Bourse Law, 239, et seq.;
  • on control of speculation, 256–7–8.
  • Emery, Henry Crosby, on Speculation on the Stock Exchange and Produce Exchanges of the U. S., 49*.
  • Employes on ’Change, 289, 318.
  • Engineering News, 202*.
  • England, capital exports, 28.
  • England, Laws of, affecting company organizations, 147.
  • England, Laws, of affecting short sales, 95.
  • English capital in America, 20.
  • English Corn Laws, History of, by J. Shield Nicholson 255.
  • English Economic History, Introduction to, by W. T. Ashley, 224.
  • Exchange, Origin of, 12*.
  • Exchange Register, in Germany, 241.
  • Exchanges, in London in early days, 323.
  • Exchequer, English, 324*.
  • Exports of capital by London, 366.
  • Failures, of stockbrokers, 112, 152, 156;
  • in London, 331;
  • in Paris, 350, 395;
  • opinion of Hughes Commission, 423.
  • Fairs, in primitive countries, 5.
  • Farmers’ Alliance, 7.
  • Farmers, Speculation by, 83.
  • Fayant, Frank, Some Thoughts on Speculation, 32*, 68*, 239, 252*.
  • Fictitious transactions, 425.
  • Financial Crises, etc., by Theo. E. Burton, 183*, 191*.
  • Financial press in London, 348.
  • Fortnightly Review, on panics, 199*.
  • Forum, at Rome, 262.
  • France, Volumes of Securities in, 406.
  • French Government, attitude toward stockbrokers’ monopoly, 401.
  • Future delivery, transactions for, in France, 402, 410;
  • in America, 438.
  • Gambling as distinguished from speculating, 53–54, 417, 419, 421.
  • Gambling in bucket-shops, 144.
  • Georges-Levy, on short sales, 93.
  • German Bourse Law, The, by Geo. Plochmann, 245*.
  • German Bourse Law of 1896, 77, 236 et seq., 254;
  • opinion of Hughes Commission, 444.
  • German credit in 1912, 372.
  • German Exchange Act of 1896, by Dr. Ernst Loeb, 238*.
  • German Government bonds, decline in, 368.
  • Germany, Regulation of the Stock Exchange in, 61*.
  • Gold Room, 251, 307.
  • Goldsmiths’ Notes, in England, 324.
  • Gold Speculation Act of 1864, 249.
  • Gossip and news on ’Change, 295.
  • Gould, Jay, 30.
  • Government bonds, as affected by war, 368.
  • Governors of the Stock Exchange on Freedom of Margin transactions, 59*;
  • on Margin transactions, 52*;
  • on Short sales, 90;
  • on Usury law, 105*;
  • on Incorporation, 235.
  • Governors of the Stock Exchange, their power over members, 139, 154;
  • method of choosing, 266.
  • Grain Exchanges, 10.
  • Grosscup, Judge, on Value of Stock Exchange, 65.
  • Guarantee of stockbrokers, 154;
  • in Paris, 395.
  • Guild of Goldsmiths, 324.
  • Guillard, Edmond, on Origin of Stock Exchanges, 16*.
  • Hadley, Arthur T., Economics, 250.
  • Harvard Law Review, 32*.
  • Hatch Anti-Option Bill, 55, 252.
  • Hazing of new members, 276.
  • Hedging in cotton futures, 81, 94, 416, 439.
  • Hirst, Francis W., on Early Exchange in London, 327*;
  • on Stock Exchange rules, 330;
  • on functions of jobbers, 336;
  • on creation of new debt, 365*;
  • on Chinese Speculation, 63;
  • Early English Speculation, 18*;
  • The Stock Exchange, 32*, 45*, 63*.
  • History of N. Y. Stock Exchange, 306.
  • History of the People of the U. S., by McMaster, 30.
  • Hobbies of members, 312.
  • Hocking Coal & Iron Company, 30, 311.
  • Holding Companies, 429.
  • Holidays on ’Change, 301.
  • Holmes, Justice, of the U. S. Supreme Court, on speculation, 66.
  • Honor and character on ’Change, 264.
  • Huebner, S. S. on Stock Exchange safeguards, 25;
  • on Usefulness of bears, 78;
  • on discounting future, 190.
  • Hughes Commission on German Bourse Law, 245;
  • on Margins, 52;
  • on Short selling, 80;
  • on Curb market 142. (See also Appendix.)
  • Hughes Investigation, The, by Horace White, 64*.
  • Hyndman, H. M., Commercial Crises, 219.
  • Incorporation of Stock Exchange (London), 231–5.
  • Incorporation of Stock Exchange, N. Y., 139, 235, 265;
  • opinion of Hughes Commission, 427.
  • Ingall, C. D., The Stock Exchange (London), 32*.
  • Insurance, as effected by hedging, 81.
  • Interest, rates of, in 1909–10, 116.
  • Investors in France, caution of, 408.
  • Inventor, dependent upon capital, 13.
  • Investment, its relation to speculation, 44.
  • Investor, Origin of word, 16.
  • Jevons, W. S., on prices, 7*.
  • Jevons, W. S., on sun-spots, 217.
  • Jobbers, in London, 277, 335;
  • relation to brokers, 336, 340;
  • methods, 372 et seq.
  • Johnson, Joseph F., on panic of 1907, 208*.
  • Jonathan’s Coffee House, 327.
  • Journal of Accountancy, regulation of speculation, 258*.
  • Journal of Commerce and Commercial Bulletin, on Volume of Securities in America, 15, 339.
  • Journal of Political Economy 53*, 64*, 82*, 143*, 147*, 159*, 196*.
  • Juglar, Clément, Des Crises Commerciales, 185*, 219*.
  • Kaffir Circus in London, 62, 365, 370, 376.
  • Keene, James R., 30.
  • Labor, Dependence on the Stock Exchange, 43.
  • Labor, Percentage of, in America, 42.
  • Laissez faire, theory of, 253.
  • Landells, Walter, on London Stock Exchange, 376–7*.
  • Law in England affecting companies, 147, 434.
  • Law in England, affecting short sales, 95;
  • affecting speculation, 225.
  • Law in N. Y. regulating speculation, 247;
  • repealed 248.
  • Law, John, 390*.
  • Laws affecting short sales in U. S., 95, 246;
  • repealed, 247;
  • decision of court, 416, 420.
  • Laws of France, short sales, 404, 410.
  • Laws of various states, affecting speculation, 251.
  • Law, Usury, in N. Y., 105*.
  • Leeman Act of 1867, 227.
  • Legislation recommended by Hughes Commission, 435.
  • Lending and borrowing stocks, N. Y. and London, 354–5.
  • Leroy-Beaulieu, Anatole, on Paris Bourse, 383 et seq., 387*.
  • Leroy-Beaulieu, Paul, Nouveau Dictionnaire d’Economie Politique, 44*;
  • on Publicity, 163, 349;
  • on Speculation, 44.
  • Lexis, Dr. W., on Necessity for Stock Exchanges, 21.
  • Liability of stockbrokers in Paris, 395.
  • Listing of new securities, 168;
  • N. Y. and London 363;
  • vendor’s shares, 364;
  • opinion of Hughes Commission, 424.
  • Lloyds, 38.
  • Lloyd, W. W., on Panics, 219*.
  • “Loan Crowd,” 290.
  • Loans by banks to stockbrokers, 110, 190.
  • Lombard Street, by Walter Bagehot, 92*, 379*.
  • London Exchanges in XVI Century, 323.
  • London Money Market, Rise of the, by W. R. Bisschop, 379*.
  • London Stock Exchange, history of, 326, et seq.;
  • management of, 329;
  • rules, 330, 364*;
  • membership, 332, 335;
  • stockbrokers, 332;
  • admission, 332–3;
  • entrance fees, etc., 333;
  • capital stock, 333*;
  • precautions against monopoly, 333;
  • jobbers, 336–7–8;
  • commissions, 342;
  • settlement days, 344;
  • publicity, 347;
  • borrowings from banks, 353;
  • transfers, 355;
  • volume of business, 356–7;
  • official list, 358 et seq.;
  • securities as affected by war, 368;
  • the day’s work, 372.
  • London Stock Exchange, unincorporated, 267*.
  • London, The world’s banker, 366.
  • Luncheon Club, The, 305.
  • Manhattan Banking Company, 31.
  • Manipulation, efforts of governors to suppress, 169, 174.
  • Manipulation, opinions of Courtois and Conant,175*.
  • Manipulation, opinion of Emery, 257;
  • comment of Hughes Commission, 421.
  • Manipulation prohibited, 254
  • Manipulation, value of, 170.
  • Margin, speculation on, 50, 51, 52.
  • Margins, insufficient margins prohibited, 255 and 256
  • Margins required by stockbrokers, 147.
  • Margin Trading a feature of all business, 58.
  • Margin Trading a matter of contract, 53.
  • Margin Trading defined by Hughes Commission, 419.
  • Market in N. Y. compared with London, 340.
  • Market in Paris as affected by stockbrokers’ monopoly, 397 et seq.
  • Markets, defined by Hughes Commission, 415.
  • Markets for produce, 6.
  • Marshall, Alfred, on legislation, 255.
  • Matched orders, 422.
  • McCulloch, J. R., Principles of Economics, 46*.
  • McMaster on Public Sentiment in Early Days, 30.
  • McVey, Frank L., on Stock Exchange Usefulness, 41*.
  • Mechanism of the City, The, by Ellis T. Powell, 379*.
  • Memberships, how obtained, 271;
  • prices of, 273;
  • value of, 274.
  • Members of Stock Exchange, interesting personalities, 312 et seq.
  • Memorial of Paris stockbrokers, 88*.
  • Metal Exchange, 443.
  • Meyer, Eugene, Jr., on Panic of 1907, 196*, 203*.
  • Middlemen in markets for produce, 8.
  • Mills, John, on panics, 204.
  • Mining shares in London, 365.
  • Mississippi Bubble, 390.
  • Mistakes in executing orders, 278, 293–4.
  • Modern Industrialism, by Frank L. McVey, 41*.
  • Mollien, on short sales in Paris, 89*.
  • Monetary Systems of the World, by Maurice M. Muhleman, 208*.
  • Money and Banking, by Horace White, 251*.
  • Money, high rates for, 106*, 116, 290, 353.
  • Money, rates for, as affecting speculation, 118, 430;
  • as affected by deferred deliveries, 352.
  • Monopoly, on London Stock Exchange, precaution against, 333;
  • of Paris Bourse, 388 et seq., 399.
  • Morawetz, Victor, on currency, 209*.
  • Mortimer, J., Every man his own broker, 327*.
  • Muhleman, Maurice, M., 208*.
  • Mulhall, Michael G., on Prices, 219*.
  • Musicians on ’Change, 316.
  • Napoleon, on short selling, 87, 89*.
  • National Banks contrasted with State Banks, 103.
  • National Banks of U. S., loans (1904–1907), 192.
  • National Monetary Commission, 426.
  • New Joanthan’s, 327.
  • News and gossip on ’Change, 295.
  • Newspapers, attitude toward Stock Exchange, 132.
  • “New Tennessee,” 276.
  • New York State Food Investigation Committee’s report, 9*.
  • Neymarck, Alfred, on volume of French securities, 406, 410.
  • Nicholson, J. Shield, on Corn Laws. 255.
  • North American Review, 209*, 245*.
  • Norton, Eliot, on Purchase and sales of securities, 32*.
  • Norton, Eliot, on short selling, 86*.
  • Notes, of stockbrokers, 111.
  • Odd-lot brokers, duties of 281;
  • extent of business, 282.
  • Open Board of Brokers, 307.
  • Opinions of floor-brokers as to market, 297.
  • Overend, Gurney & Co., failure of, 376.
  • Panama mania in France, 62, 370, 408.
  • Panic of 1907, conditions antecedent to, 24.
  • Panic of 1873, in Austria, 197;
  • in America, 199*, 308.
  • Panic of 1825, in England, 197;
  • of 1847, in England, 376.
  • Panic of 1912, in Paris, 199, 200, 369.
  • Panic of 1837, in U. S., 199*, 308.
  • Panic of 1857, in U. S., 198–9, 308.
  • Panic of 1893, in U. S., 197–8–9*.
  • Panic of 1907, its origin, 189;
  • effect, 201.
  • Panics, crises and depressions, 183*.
  • Panics of the future, 184;
  • opinion of Mills, 204, 377.
  • Paris Bourse, Balkan Crisis, 369;
  • after war with Germany, 383–87;
  • Agents de Change, 388 et seq.;
  • history, 388–9;
  • the form of monopoly, 389;
  • origin of monopoly, 389–390;
  • regulations, 391;
  • “right of introduction,” 392;
  • exclusive privileges, 393;
  • settlements 394;
  • prohibitions, 394;
  • liabilities, 395;
  • rates of commission, 395;
  • methods and transactions, 396 (see coulisse);
  • objections to monopoly, 398 et seq.;
  • differences with the coulisse, 404;
  • volume of business, 405;
  • caution of public, 408.
  • Paris Bourse, History and Methods of, by E. Vidal, 392*.
  • Parquet, in Paris, 397 et seq.
  • Partners of members, and partnership agreements, 270–1.
  • Pears Prize Essays, 219*.
  • Personalities on ’Change, 312 et seq.
  • Plochmann, George, on German Bourse Law, 245*.
  • Powell, Ellis T., The Mechanism of the City, 379*.
  • Pragmatism, in economic phenomena, 127.
  • Prices, Relation to value, 4.
  • Principles of Economics, by Alfred Marshall, 255.
  • Principles of Economics, by Edwin R. A. Seligman, 42*, 254.
  • Principles of Economics, by J. R. McCulloch, 46*.
  • Principles of Money and Banking, by Chas. A. Conant, 93*.
  • Produce Exchange, 440.
  • Promoters, swindles of, 141.
  • Publicity in N. Y. contrasted with London, 347.
  • Pujo Committee, 176.
  • Punishment of members, 267.
  • Pyramiding, opinion of Hughes Commission, 420.
  • Quarterly Review, London, 300, 332, 377*.
  • Quotations, the property of the Exchange, 436.
  • Railroads in U. S., in 1906–7, 212.
  • Real Estate, Market for, 22.
  • Real Estate Record and Guide, 202*.
  • Real Estate Speculation, in N. Y., 202;
  • in other cities, 203.
  • Receiverships, 430.
  • Reforms, attitude of members toward, 311;
  • in listing new securities, 364.
  • Regulation of Stock Exchange in Germany, Henry Crosby Emery, 241*.
  • Rentes, as affected by war, 368;
  • settlement days, 394;
  • market for, 398, 404.
  • Resolutions adopted by the Exchange;
  • against manipulation, 254
  • against light margins, 255
  • on business conduct, 255
  • Rhodes, Cecil, 377.
  • Rise of the London Money Market, by W. R. Bisschop, 379*.
  • Roosevelt, Theodore, and the panic of 1907, 210–212.
  • Royal Commission of 1877, 238–9, 231–2.
  • Rubber boom, in London, 62, 369.
  • Russian government bonds, as affected by war, 368.
  • Russian industrial securities in France, 62.
  • Salaries of employees, 318.
  • “Scalping,” 355.
  • Scapegoat, making the Stock Exchange a, 137.
  • Schonberg, “Handbuch” on Speculation, 21*.
  • Scott, S. R., on incorporation of London Stock Exchange, 233.
  • Securities, Origin of, 11.
  • Securities, Owners of in America, 14–15.
  • Securities, Volume of in America, 14–15.
  • Securities, Volume of in London, 360;
  • in Paris, 406, et seq.;
  • in N. Y., 359–60.
  • Seligman, Edwin R. A., on Legislation, 254.
  • Seligman, Edwin R. A., on Principles of Economics, 42*.
  • Settlement days, London Stock Exchange, 344, 349;
  • N. Y. Stock Exchange, 345;
  • comparisons, 351.
  • Settling Room, in London, 372.
  • Shanghai Stock Exchange, 62.
  • Sherman Law, 199*.
  • Short selling, opinion of Prof. Huebner, 78;
  • legalized in Paris, 402*;
  • opinion of Court, 416;
  • opinion of Hughes Commission, 420.
  • Silver purchasing clause, repeal of, 199*.
  • Smith, Adam, on Speculation, 37.
  • Smith, Adam, The Wealth of Nations, 37.
  • Smith, C. W., on depressions 219*.
  • Smith Herbert Knox, on hedging cotton, 94.
  • Smith, Hopkinson, on methods of brokers, 292.
  • Smollett, on South Sea Bubble, 325–6.
  • South Sea Bubble, 226, 325.
  • Spanish government bonds, as affected by war, 368.
  • Specialists, duties of, 278;
  • vindications of, 279;
  • opinion of Hughes Commission, 426.
  • Speculation, a feature of all enterprise, 38.
  • Speculation, in America contrasted with that abroad, 62.
  • Speculation, in American development, 307;
  • contrasted with England, 366;
  • in France, 408–9.
  • Speculation, in China, 62.
  • Speculation, in Egypt, 62.
  • Speculation, in France, 62.
  • Speculation, in Gold, (1864, 1866), 250.
  • Speculation, in London, 62.
  • Speculation, in relation to investment, 44.
  • Speculation, J. S. Mill, 47.
  • Speculation not gambling, 53, 54, 416, 417, 419, 421.
  • Speculation on the Stock & Produce Exchanges of the U. S., by Henry Crosby Emery, 49*.
  • Speculation, opinion by Judge Grosscup, 65.
  • Speculation, opinion by U. S. Supreme Court, 66.
  • Speculation, origin of the word, 36.
  • Speculation, Some Thoughts on, by Frank Fayant, 32*, 68*, 239, 252*.
  • Speculation, as distinguished from trading, 74.
  • Sponsors of candidates for memberships, 272.
  • Sportsmen on ’Change, 317.
  • Stamp Tax, N. Y., 75;
  • in London, 355.
  • Stanhope, Edward, on incorporation of London Stock Exchange, 232.
  • State Banks contrasted with National Banks, 103.
  • Statist, The (London) on Hughes Investigation, 256.
  • Stockbrokers in London (See London Stock Exchange);
  • in Paris, (Paris Bourse).
  • Stock certificates, registered and bearer, 365.
  • Stock companies in France, 410–11.
  • Stock Exchange and The Money Market, by Horace White, 102.
  • Stock Exchange, Distinction between Wall Street and, 64.
  • Stock Exchange Law and Practice, by W. A. Bewes, 379*.
  • Stock Exchange (London), by C. D. Ingall & G. Withers, 32*.
  • Stock Exchange, N. Y., Rules governing brokers, 138;
  • the day’s work 288 et seq.
  • Stock Exchange, N. Y., the building, 304–5;
  • history, 307;
  • mechanism, 418.
  • Stock Exchange, Story of the, by Chas. Duguid, 32*.
  • Stock Exchange, The, by Francis W. Hirst, 32*, 45*.
  • Stock Exchange, The (London) Francis W. Hirst, 327*, 330*, 338, 367*.
  • Stock Exchange, The N. Y., by Francis L. Eames, 32*.
  • Stockholders, Rights of, 162, 164, 173*.
  • Stocks and Shares, by Hartley Withers, 379*.
  • “Switching,” 74.
  • Telephone clerks, on ’Change, their duties, 289.
  • Temperature of air on ’Change, how regulated, 305.
  • Ten years regulation of the Stock Exchange in Germany, by Henry Crosby Emery, 61*.
  • Ticker, value of, 162*;
  • in London, 341–2;
  • in N. Y., 347, 437.
  • Ticket Day in London, 373.
  • Timidity of capital, 17.
  • Tontine Coffee House, 307.
  • Tooke, Thos., on Prices, 7*.
  • Traders, as distinguished from speculators, 74;
  • operations of, 285.
  • Trading posts, on ’Change, 289.
  • Transactions in securities, panic of 1907, 216.
  • Transactions on ’Change, how conducted, 288, et seq.
  • Transfer of certificates, in London, 355, 365, 374.
  • Transfer Tax, in N. Y., 75, in London, 355.
  • Trust Laws, attitude of brokers toward, 311.
  • Unlisted Department of Stock Exchange, 166.
  • Usury Law, in N. Y., 105, 431.
  • Values, Relation to prices, 4.
  • Van Vorst, Justice, opinion, 236*.
  • Vendors’ shares, in London, 364.
  • Vidal, E., History and methods of Paris Bourse, 392;
  • monopoly of Bourse, 399, 401*, 403, 404.
  • Vidal, E., on Origin of Bourse and Exchanges, 12*.
  • Villeplaine, Boscary de, on short selling, 88.
  • Visitors’ Gallery, 286.
  • Wall Street and the Country, by Chas. A. Conant, 29*, 175*.
  • Wall Street, distinction between the Stock Exchange and, 64.
  • Wall Street Journal, 83*, 136, 139, 145, 165*, 173*, 178*, 372*.
  • Wall Street not the Stock Exchange, 428.
  • War, between England and a first-rate power, 367, et seq.
  • War, cost of, 367.
  • War, Franco-German, 383, et seq.
  • “Wash Sales,” 168, 422.
  • “Welchers,” 227, 249; in Paris, 402.
  • Wealth of Nations, The, 37.
  • White, Horace, on banking laws, 102, 104;
  • on company promoters, 142, 147*;
  • on gold speculation, 251;
  • on margin transactions, 53*;
  • on money rates, 115;
  • on short selling, 80;
  • on Stock market quotations, 15;
  • on the distinction between Wall Street and the Stock Exchange, 64;
  • on the Hughes Commission, 159;
  • on the panic of 1907, 196;
  • on the panics of 1837, 1857 & 1873, 199*.
  • Withers, G., The Stock Exchange (London), 32*.
  • Withers, Hartley, Stocks and Shares, 379*.
  • Witwatersrand, discovery of gold in, 365.
  • Wood, Henry, Political Economy, 219*.
  • Woolley, C., Phases of Panics, 219*.
  • World’s Wealth in Securities, by Chas. A. Conant, 288*.
  • World’s Work, The, 294*.
  • Worry on Change, 302 et seq.
  • Worry the Disease of the Age, by Dr. C. W. Saleeby 304*.
  • Yale Review, 61*.
  • Yale Review, on German Stock Exchange Law, 241*.
  • Yale Review, on panic of 1907, 196*.
  • “Yankee market,” in London, 300.