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The stone age in North America, vol. 2 of 2

Chapter 80: INDEX
By Warren K. Moorehead
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About This Book

A detailed archaeological encyclopedia cataloguing prehistoric North American material culture, focusing on stone, shell, bone, copper, pottery, textiles, and hematite artifacts. It classifies and illustrates thousands of implements, ornaments, effigies, pipes, tools, and ceremonial objects with plates and figures; examines regional variations across eastern Canada, the Plains, Utah, and Dakota; discusses fabrication techniques, distribution patterns, and functions of key types such as bird-stones and native copper implements; and treats mortars, pestles, pottery styles, and miscellaneous relics. Concluding chapters synthesize ancient population, cultural groupings, adaptation to environments, art, antiquity, and recommend directions for further field study.

INDEX

  • Abbott, C. C., I, 34; II, 350.
  • Abbott, G. B., Corning, California, II, 103.
  • Acaxes, II, 348.
  • Adaptation, II, 354 ff.
  • Adzes, I, 254, 273 ff.;
    • conclusions, I, 322 ff.;
    • copper, II, 189.
  • Adze, triangular, I, 274.
  • Afton, Indian Territory (Oklahoma), I, 215.
  • Agricultural implements, chapter IX, 175 ff.
  • Agua Caliente, axes, I, 316.
  • Alaska, woman’s knife, II, 311.
  • Algonquian pottery, II, 278.
  • Algonquins, II, 330.
  • Allentown, Pennsylvania, I, 35;
    • knives, I, 86.
  • Altar mounds, containing finer specimens, II, 63;
    • hematites, II, 295.
  • American Museum of Natural History, New York, I, 427; II, 302.
  • Amulets in Eastern Canada, II, 332.
  • Analyses of specimens, II, 353.
  • Ancient vs. modern art, II, 355.
  • Anderson, Clifford, II, 250.
  • Animal effigies, II, 20.
  • Antiquity of pottery-making, II, 294.
  • Antler in Dakota, II, 340.
  • Antler-tips, as arrow-points, II, 134.
  • Apaches, II, 354.
  • Appalachian pottery, II, 278.
  • “Archæologia Nova Cæsarea,” II, 350.
  • Archæological map of Ohio, II, 348.
  • Arizona, chipped implements, I, 244;
    • rings, I, 442.
  • Arkansas, chipped implements, I, 238;
    • engraved disc, I, 452.
  • Armlets, II, 335.
  • Army and Medical Museum, Washington, D. C., I, 121.
  • Arnold, B. W., Albany, New York, II, 311.
  • Arrow-heads in eastern Canada, II, 331;
    • Canadian Plains, II, 334;
    • Utah, II, 338;
    • Dakota, II, 341.
  • Arrow-point, analyzed, I, 100.
  • Arrow-points embedded in bone, I, 108.
  • Arrow-points, manufacture, I, 58.
  • Arrow-points, “rotary,” I, 68.
  • Arrow-shaft reducers, II, 134.
  • Arrow-wounds, I, 112.
  • Art at its best before European contact, II, 67.
  • Art in flint-chipping, I, 135.
  • Artifacts, number available for study, I, 10.
  • Ash-pits as preservatives, II, 136.
  • Atlantic Coast, shells, II, 118, 120.
  • Atlatls, Utah, II, 336.
  • Awls of bone, II, 134;
    • in eastern Canada, II, 330.
  • Axes, I, 186 ff.;
    • cached, I, 221;
    • manufacture, I, 226 ff.;
    • conclusions, I, 322 ff.;
    • copper, II, 180.
  • Bainbridge, Ohio, large blade, I, 233.
  • Banded slate, material for problematical forms, I, 343.
  • Bangles of copper, II, 225.
  • “Banner” stones, I, 346;
    • of copper, II, 224;
    • in eastern Canada, II, 332.
  • Bar-amulets, I, 402.
  • Barbed axes, I, 312.
  • Bark, Dakota, II, 339.
  • Barnard, W. C., I, 43.
  • Barr, James A., I, 154.
  • Barrett, Professor S. A., pipes, II, 88;
    • Cayapa Indians, II, 363.
  • Basalt, II, 111.
  • Baskets, II, 235.
  • Batrachians, represented in pottery, II, 287.
  • Bay-bah-dwung-gay-aush (“Daydodge”), II, 356.
  • “Bayonet-backed spear-points,” of copper, II, 210.
  • Beads, I, 355, 453;
    • of shell, II, 118;
    • of bone, II, 134;
    • of copper, II, 224;
    • of glass, II, 227.
  • Beasley, B., Montgomery, Alabama, II, 121.
  • Beauchamp, Dr. Wm., I, 260, 380; II, 14.
  • Bell-shaped pestles, II, 102.
  • Benedict, F. M., II, 202.
  • Beveled points, of copper, II, 202.
  • Bicaves, I, 443 ff.; II, 350.
  • Bird, much in evidence in prehistoric sculpture, II, 80;
    • pottery, II, 287.
  • Bird-stones in eastern Canada, II, 332.
  • Bird-stones, II, 4 ff.;
    • unfinished, II, 8.
  • Black Hills, II, 362.
  • Bludgeon, of copper, II, 224.
  • Bluffs, worked into mortars, II, 102.
  • Boas, Professor Franz, II, 363.
  • Boat-shaped objects, I, 341, 402.
  • Bone, in general, II, 134 ff.;
    • as material for ornaments, I, 358.
  • Borers, in eastern Canada, II, 331.
  • Boulders, as mortars, II, 102.
  • Boulder ruin culture, II, 362.
  • Bows, classified, I, 105.
  • Bows and arrows, I, 100 ff.
  • Bowls from tree-knots, I, 288.
  • Boyle, Professor David, II, 17.
  • Bracelets, I, 356;
    • of shell, II, 132;
    • of horn, II, 154.
  • Bragg’s collection of pipes, II, 89.
  • Braiding, methods, II, 242.
  • Brewerton, New York, I, 270.
  • British Museum, II, 89.
  • Broken winged forms, I, 379.
  • Brower, J. V., II, 153.
  • Brown, C. E., Wisconsin, etc., I, 11, 180, 239, 306, 374, 386, 418; II, 115, 156, 161, 294, 304.
  • Buffalo, classification of uses, I, 207;
    • extermination, I, 208–209;
    • bones, II, 150.
  • Buffalo hides, preparation, I, 208.
  • Bull-roarers, I, 416.
  • Burial of problematical forms, I, 347.
  • Busycon shells, II, 122.
  • “Butterfly” stones, I, 341.
  • Cabeza de Vaca, I, 92.
  • Caches, flakes, etc., I, 57, 166;
    • leaf-shaped implements, I, 138;
    • flint objects, I, 216;
    • bowls, II, 112.
  • California, quarries, I, 35;
    • obsidian blades, I, 232;
    • rings, I, 442;
    • pestles, II, 103.
  • Calumet pipe, II, 41.
  • Canada, northeastern, celts, adzes, and gouges, I, 273;
    • harpoons, II, 137.
  • Canadian culture areas, II, 363.
  • Cannel-coal, gorget, I, 373.
  • Cannibals, II, 348.
  • Canoes, manufacture, I, 280.
  • Carolina, ear-bobs, I, 356;
    • shells, II, 122.
  • Carr, A. B., Etna Mills, II, 308.
  • Carr, Lucien, I, 350.
  • Carvings on pipes, II, 48.
  • Catlin, collection of Indian portraits, I, 52.
  • Catlinite, II, 41;
    • a comparatively recent mineral, II, 51.
  • Catlinite quarries, II, 42.
  • Caves, of Kentucky and the Ozarks, II, 235.
  • Cave-Dweller culture, II, 362.
  • Cayapa Indians, II, 363.
  • Celts, I, 186 ff.;
    • (ground), I, 252 ff.;
    • conclusions, I, 322 ff.;
    • of bone, II, 134.
  • Celts in eastern Canada, II, 331.
  • Cemeteries, Tennessee, I, 164.
  • Central America, metates, II, 116.
  • Central and western Pennsylvania culture-group, II, 359.
  • “Ceremonials,” I, 346.
  • Ceremonial pipes, II, 57.
  • “Ceremonial swords,” I, 162.
  • Chaco Group, II, 133.
  • Chamberlin, T. C., I, 34.
  • Champlain, Lake, I, 236.
  • Chandler, G. P., Knoxville, Tennessee, I, 455.
  • Charleston, S. C., Museum, I, 10.
  • “Charms,” I, 346.
  • Chattanooga, Tennessee, discoidals, I, 451.
  • Chesapeake region, chipped implements, I, 236.
  • Chipped implements, Sellars’s remarks, I, 48 ff.;
    • types: knives, chapter V, p. 80 ff.;
    • projectile points, chapter VI, p. 99 ff.;
    • chapter VII, p. 127 ff.;
    • unusual forms, chapter VIII, p. 154 ff.;
    • conclusions, I, 232 ff.
  • Chippewa Indians, II, 159, 167.
  • Chipping-tools of bone, II, 134.
  • Chisels, copper, II, 184.
  • Choice of materials, I, 294 ff.
  • Chunky stones, I, 444.
  • Cincinnati (Ohio), Art Museum, I, 334.
  • Classification, by Committee on Nomenclature, I, 23 ff.
  • Classification, need of, I, 9;
    • presented, 31 ff.;
    • of pottery, II, 278;
    • of hematites, II, 301.
  • Classification, plans for, I, 10 ff.
  • Claws, as ornaments, I, 356.
  • Cliff-Dwellers, axes, I, 312, 316;
    • mano-stones, II, 103.
  • Cliff-Dweller country, pottery, II, 257.
  • Cliff-Dweller culture, II, 362.
  • Cliff ruins in Utah, II, 336.
  • Cloth, as wrapping for copper objects, II, 234.
  • Coffin-shaped gorgets, I, 341.
  • Collie, Professor G. L., I, 289.
  • Columbia Valley, I, 233.
  • Columbia Valley culture area, II, 363.
  • Conclusions of “Stone Age,” II, 344 ff.
  • Conical projectile points of copper, II, 206.
  • Conventional design, II, 288.
  • Conventionalization, II, 288.
  • Copper, discovery of, II, 168;
    • distribution of, II, 174;
    • fabrication of, II, 172 ff.;
    • in general, II, 161 ff.;
    • manufacture of, aboriginal, II, 165;
    • in eastern Canada, II, 332;
    • in Plains of Canada, II, 335;
    • in Dakota, II, 342.
  • Copper-casting, not aboriginal, II, 173, 174.
  • Cord for attaching ear-rings, II, 227.
  • Cores (Flint Ridge, O.), Fig. 27, I, p. 33.
  • Corn (maize), II, 96.
  • “Corn-shellers,” II, 314.
  • Cornstalk, II, 345.
  • Coronado’s historian, II, 348.
  • Coshocton, Ohio, I, 35.
  • Crescents, I, 341, 402;
    • of copper, II, 228.
  • Crosby, H. A., I, 274.
  • Crosses, as decoration, I, 404;
    • on shell, II, 131.
  • Crow Indians, necklaces, I, 216.
  • Culture-groups, II, 357 ff.
  • Cumberland Valley (Tennessee and Kentucky), II, 123;
    • pottery, II, 256.
  • Cup-stones, II, 314 ff.
  • Cushing, F. H., I, II;
    • “gorgets as bases,” I, 412;
    • Piney Branch, I, 39;
    • copper, II, 173.
  • Cylinders of copper (beads), II, 225.
  • Dakota, culture area, II, 363.
  • Dakota Indians, II, 166, 167.
  • Deer, II, 150.
  • Degeneration, of forms, I, 32;
    • of ceremonial, II, 61.
  • Delaware River, I, 35;
    • axes, I, 323;
    • copper, II, 174.
  • Delaware Valley and region (culture-group), II, 359.
  • Denver Museum, Colorado, II, 235.
  • Digging-tools (see also Agricultural implements), of shell, II, 120.
  • Discs, I, 98;
    • cached, I, 216;
    • of copper, II, 180;
    • of clay, II, 264.
  • Discoidal stones, I, 443 ff.
  • Discus-thrower, figure in resemblance on shell gorget, II, 125.
  • Disease among aborigines, II, 346.
  • Diversity of cultures as an argument for antiquity, II, 353.
  • Division of labor, I, 54.
  • Domestic science, II, 137.
  • Dominion Museum, Toronto, Ontario, I, 334.
  • Dorsey, G. A., I, 6.
  • “Double-bitted” axes, I, 307.
  • Douglas, A. E., I, 402.
  • Dress of American Indians, I, 350.
  • Drift-copper, in Wisconsin and Michigan, II, 231.
  • Drills, as war-points, I, 122.
  • Eastern Canada, in stone age, H. Montgomery, II, 330.
  • Eastman, Dr. C. A., I, 249.
  • Eddyville, Kentucky, shell gorget, II, 125.
  • Etowah Group, Georgia, II, 26.
  • Evolution of ornaments, I, 332.
  • Extreme North, absence of pottery, II, 248.
  • Folk-lore, value of, I, 6.
  • Eagle, realistically treated, II, 288.
  • Ear-piercing, I, 353–354.
  • Ear-plugs, of copper, II, 227.
  • Earrings, of copper, II, 226.
  • Eastern Canada culture-group, II, 358.
  • Effigies, II, 1 ff.;
    • of shell, II, 132;
    • of bone, II, 134;
    • of clay, II, 264.
  • Effigy pestles, II, 114;
    • pipes, II, 57.
  • Egyptian pottery, II, 278.
  • Elk, II, 150.
  • Ellsworth, W. H., Milwaukee, Wisconsin, I, 240.
  • Eskimo harpoons, II, 137.
  • Eyed projectile points of copper, II, 202.
  • Feather objects in Utah, II, 337.
  • Fewkes, Dr. J. W., shell effigies, II, 133.
  • Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois, I, 232, 334.
  • Field study, II, 365 ff.
  • Figured stamp, II, 286.
  • Finger-rings, I, 442;
    • of shell, II, 132;
    • of copper, II, 226.
  • Finishing-shops, I, 37–38.
  • Fishes represented in pottery, II, 287.
  • Fish-bladders as ornaments, I, 356.
  • Fish-hooks, II, 134;
    • of copper, II, 222.
  • Fishing by harpoons, II, 140.
  • Fish-nets, II, 141.
  • Five Nations, II, 330.
  • Flint celts, classified, I, 191;
    • rare at Flint Ridge, Ohio, I, 196.
  • Flint Ridge, Ohio, I, 35.
  • Florida, chipped implements, I, 239;
    • shells, II, 122;
    • copper, II, 174.
  • Fluted celts, I, 272.
  • Fluted stone axes, I, 316 ff.
  • Fort Ancient, Ohio, I, 373.
  • Fort Ancient culture, II, 250.
  • Fowke, G., I, 10;
    • on quarrying, I, 36;
    • on discoidal stones, I, 447;
    • on copper, II, 173.
  • Franck, H. W., II, 360.
  • Frankfort, Ohio, gorget, I, 373.
  • Game-bones, as “good medicine,” I, 439.
  • Georgia, chipped implements, I, 238;
    • copper, II, 174.
  • Gerend, A., II, 206.
  • Glacial man, I, 34.
  • Gorgets, I, 341 and passim;
    • in general, I, 362 ff.;
    • remade, I, 362, 374;
    • re-perforated, I, 367;
    • on skeletons, I, 372;
    • of shell, II, 122 ff.;
    • of copper, II, 180, 227;
    • in eastern Canada, II, 331.
  • Gouges, I, 254;
    • conclusions, I, 322 ff.;
    • copper, II, 188;
    • in eastern Canada, II, 331.
  • Gourds, II, 238.
  • Graves, occurrence of copper in, II, 233.
  • Great Plains, large proportion of scrapers on, I, 205.
  • Greece, pottery, II, 278.
  • Greenstone, I, 300.
  • Grooves, variety, I, 326.
  • Grooved stone axes, I, 287 ff.;
    • classified, I, 306–307, 312.
  • Ground stone, I, 251 ff.
  • Gruenberg, Professor B. C., II, 367.
  • Gulf of California, shells, II, 132.
  • Gulf States, pottery, II, 247.
  • Gums for fastening the hafting, I, 286.
  • Hafting, scrapers, I, 205;
    • celts, I, 284;
    • “spuds,” I, 430;
    • bone, II, 151.
  • Hair-dressing, I, 356.
  • Hairpins, I, 210.
  • Hamilton, H. P., I, 242; II, 161.
  • Hammers, Canadian Plains, II, 333;
    • Utah, II, 338;
    • Dakota, II, 341.
  • Hammer-stones, I, 36, 224 ff.;
    • types, I, 230.
  • “Handbook of American Indians,” compared with “The Stone Age,” I, 1;
    • problematical forms, I, 343.
  • Hand-hatchet, I, 197, 270.
  • Handles, fastened with sinews and gum, I, 286;
    • of bone, II, 134.
  • Harpoons, II, 134;
    • of copper, II, 214;
    • of bone in eastern Canada, II, 330.
  • Hatchets, I, 252.
  • Head-dresses, II, 134.
  • Hematite, where found, II, 295;
    • plummets, II, 295.
  • Hematite objects, cached, I, 221;
    • in general, II, 295 ff.
  • Herrmann, R., Dubuque, Iowa, II, 159.
  • Hiawatha traditions, II, 356.
  • Hodge, F. W., I, 11.
  • Hoes, of shell, II, 120.
  • Holmes, W. H., I, 10, 34, 289;
    • Potomac-Chesapeake Province, I, 38;
    • Afton, Indian Territory (Oklahoma), I, 215;
    • problematical forms, I, 346;
    • quarries, II, 104;
    • shell objects, II, 124;
    • pottery, II, 247.
  • Hopewell Group, cache of discs, I, 218;
    • value of beads, II, 122.
  • Horses, unknown to aborigines, II, 366.
  • Hostility of Indians to whites, II, 366.
  • Houmas, II, 350.
  • Hrdlička, Dr. A., II, 352.
  • Human effigies, II, 25.
  • Human features in flint, I, 162;
    • on pottery, II, 287.
  • Hupa Indians, II, 69.
  • Hurons, II, 330.
  • Ice, celts used for chopping, I, 270.
  • Illinois, chipped implements, I, 242;
    • copper, II, 174;
    • culture, II, 360.
  • Impressions of fabrics, II, 235.
  • Incised vs. plastic designs, II, 288.
  • Indians, compared with Australians and Africans, I, 331.
  • Indian Territory (Oklahoma), I, 86;
    • quarries, 135.
  • Insertion, inlaying, II, 155.
  • Invention of specialized tools, II, 286.
  • Iowa, chipped implements, I, 242;
    • bird-stones, II, 5;
    • copper, II, 174;
    • State Museum, II, 314.
  • Iron, use of, II, 344;
    • arrow-points of, used for trade, I, 52.
  • Iroquoian culture-group, II, 358–359.
  • Iroquois pottery, II, 248.
  • Irving, Professor J. D., II, 352.
  • “Jesuit Relations,” I, 4; II, 166.
  • Jesup North Pacific Expedition, I, 302.
  • Jewsharp pipe, II, 32;
    • origin, II, 52, 53.
  • Jones, Dr. J., I, 422.
  • Kansas pottery, II, 270.
  • Kansas-Iowa buffalo culture, II, 361.
  • Kelley Cavern, Arkansas, II, 106, 136.
  • Kentucky, types of chipped implements, I, 238;
    • copper, II, 174;
    • culture, II, 360.
  • Kern, D. N., I, 38.
  • Knives, of bone, in eastern Canada, II, 330;
    • chipped, passim;
    • see also, Points;
    • of copper, II, 196;
    • of stone in eastern Canada, II, 331.
  • Kroeber, Professor A. L., I, 246.
  • Kuehne, R., II, 196.
  • L-shaped stones, I, 402.
  • Labrador, material and its distribution, I, 249.
  • Labrets, I, 352.
  • Lacing of sandals, II, 245.
  • Ladles, of bone, II, 134.
  • Lagoon La Jara, California, II, 108.
  • Laminæ, I, 336.
  • Lansing man, II, 352.
  • Lapidary, aboriginal, I, 145.
  • Lawson, P. V., I, 240.
  • Leather, in Dakota, II, 339.
  • Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, knives, I, 86.
  • Lenni-Lenape, II, 357.
  • Lewis, J. B., California, I, 436; II, 106.
  • Lewis, Professor T. H., II, 186.
  • Linguistic stocks, II, 357.
  • Little River, Tennessee, I, 35;
    • flint, I, 218.
  • Living forms, influence on American art, II, 3;
    • in pottery, II, 287.
  • Logan Museum, Beloit, Wisconsin, I, 241, 308; II, 161.
  • Long, Major S. H., I, 50.
  • “Long-bitted” axes, I, 306.
  • Louisiana, chipped implements, I, 238.
  • Maces, I, 422.
  • Madisonville, Ohio, bone handles, I, 205;
    • pottery, II, 250.
  • Mah-een-gonce, Ojibwa, I, 216.
  • Malleating pottery, II, 280.
  • Mallery, G., II, 1.
  • Mammoth, II, 160.
  • Mandans, scrapers, I, 198;
    • necklaces, I, 216;
    • bone implements, II, 150.
  • Manitoba, II, 341.
  • Mano-stones, II, 103.
  • Marriage tokens (bird-stones), II, 16.
  • Martin’s Creek, Pennsylvania, problematical forms, I, 376.
  • Mason, O. T., industries, I, 16 ff.
  • Mats, II, 235.
  • Mauls, I, 260;
    • on Canadian Plains, II, 333.
  • McCoy, Solon, Mountain Home, Idaho, II, 102.
  • McGee, W J, I, 330;
    • Seris, II, 348.
  • McGuire, J. D. (pipes), I, 11; II, 29;
    • nephrite axe, I, 226 ff.
  • Medicine-man, “Badthing,” I, 94.
  • Meredith, Rev. H. C., I, 154, 437; II, 308.
  • Metates, II, 95 ff.
    • See also Mortars.
  • Mexico, metates, II, 115.
  • Michigan, II, 186, and passim.
    • See also under Wisconsin.
  • Michigan, barbed axes, I, 312.
  • Midiwewin Society, II, 356.
  • Migration, I, 249.
  • Mills, W. C., II, 79, 148.
  • Mill-stones, II, 106.
  • Milton College, II, 161.
  • Milwaukee Public Museum, I, 241, 308.
  • Minnesota, bird-stones, II, 5;
    • copper, II, 174.
  • Mississippi, chipped implements, I, 238;
    • pottery, II, 270.
  • Mississippi Valley, axes, I, 323;
    • importance of, II, 346.
  • Missouri, quarries, I, 35;
    • chipped implements, I, 242;
    • pottery, II, 256;
    • hematite, II, 295;
    • culture area, hematite belt, II, 360.
  • Missouri Historical Society, I, 232.
  • Mitchell, S. D., II, 161.
  • Mixed cultures, may be found together, II, 77.
  • Moccasin Bend, Tennessee, I, 232.
  • Monitor pipes, II, 33;
    • Wisconsin, Illinois, and Indiana, II, 40.
  • Montgomery, Alabama, I, 430.
  • Montgomery, Henry, II, 242;
    • reducing stone, II, 313;
    • eastern Canada, Utah, and Dakota, II, 330 ff.
  • Moore, C. B., I, 328, 422, 430;
    • shells, II, 120;
    • pottery, II, 247.
  • Moose-antler; imitated in flint, I, 160.
  • Mortars, II, 95 ff.
  • Mortars and pestles, not always found together, II, 111.
  • Mounds, eastern Canada, II, 330.
  • Mounting. See Hafting.
  • “Mullers,” I, 434.
  • Musical instruments, II, 160.
  • Mutilation, for purposes of ornament, I, 352–353.
  • “Mystery,” Indian, I, 215.
  • “Mystery stones,” I, 249.
  • National Museum, Washington, D. C., II, 12.
  • Navajo blankets, II, 355.
  • Nebraska pottery, II, 270.
  • Necklaces, of bone, II, 142.
  • Needles, of bone, II, 157;
    • in eastern Canada, II, 330;
    • of copper, II, 221.
  • Nelson, C. A., II, 125.
  • Net-sinkers, I, 432.
  • New Brunswick, limit of bird-stones, II, 5.
  • New England, slate spear-heads, I, 234, 236;
    • celts, adzes, and gouges, I, 273;
    • winged forms, I, 386;
    • pestles, II, 102;
    • harpoons, II, 137;
    • copper, II, 178;
    • pottery, II, 248;
    • culture-group, II, 358.
  • New Hampshire, quartzite, etc., I, 234.
  • New Jersey, long slender chipped forms, I, 236.
  • New Mexico, quarries, I, 35;
    • chipped implements, I, 244.
  • New York State, harpoons, II, 137.
  • New York State Museum, I, 260.
  • Nomenclature committee, membership, I, 11.
  • Northern California culture, II, 362.
  • North Carolina, copper, II, 174.
  • Northwest Pacific Coast culture, II, 363.
  • Nose-piercing, I, 353–354.
  • Nose rings, I, 355.
  • Notched implements, I, 426.
  • Notched projectile points of copper, II, 202.
  • Notched rattles, II, 159.
  • Nut-cracking by Indians, II, 322.
  • Objects of bone, Canadian Plains, II, 334;
    • Utah, II, 337;
    • Dakota, II, 340;
    • of shell, in eastern Canada, II, 331;
    • Canadian Plains, II, 335;
    • Dakota, II, 340;
    • of wood, in Utah, II, 336.
  • Observation necessary to an archæologist, II, 351.
  • Obsidian blades, their value, I, 246.
  • Ohio, chipped implements, I, 238;
    • gorgets, I, 373;
    • copper, II, 174;
    • culture, II, 360.
  • Ohio River between Aurora and Lawrenceburg, Indiana, II, 345.
  • Ohio State Archæological and Historical Society, Columbus, Ohio, I, 334.
  • Ohio Valley, chisel celts, I, 324.
  • Ojibwa, I, 432; II, 40, 67, 356.
  • Ollas, for cooking, II, 264.
  • Ornaments, I, 329 ff.;
    • of bone, II, 134;
    • of copper, II, 230 ff.;
    • of silver, II, 230.
  • Osages, II, 354.
  • Oshkosh Library Collection, II, 196.
  • Ozark culture area, II, 361.
  • Ozark region, axes, I, 234.
  • Pacific Coast, knives, I, 96;
    • chipped implements, I, 244.
  • Paddles, II, 280.
  • Paducah, Kentucky, pebbles, I, 70, 126.
  • Painting, or tattoo-marks, II, 126.
  • Paint-pestles, I, 434.
  • Paint-stones, as mortars, II, 102.
  • Paint-stone hematite, II, 301.
  • Palæolithic forms with resemblances in eastern Canada, II, 331.
  • Palæolithic implements, I, 81.
  • Palenque, Mexico, II, 61.
  • Parker, W. Thornton, M. D., I, 122.
  • Patination, I, 178; II, 352.
  • Peabody, C., I, 11, 362, 431.
  • Peabody, R. S., II, 25.
  • Peabody Museum, Cambridge, Massachusetts, I, 232, 334, 362.
  • Peabody Museum, Salem, Massachusetts, II, 104.
  • Peale, C. W., of the Philadelphia Museum, I, 50.
  • Pearls, I, 360.
  • Pebbles, drilled and used as ornaments, I, 329.
  • Pendants, I, 329 ff.;
    • of bone, II, 134;
    • of copper, II, 227.
  • Pennsylvania, large range of chipped implements, I, 238.
  • Pepper, G. H., shell effigies, II, 133.
  • Perforated clubs, II, 311.
  • Perforations, in problematical forms, I, 347;
    • in shell gorgets, II, 125.
  • Perforators (see also Awls, Drills), in general, I, 210 ff.;
    • classification, I, 210;
    • use as pins, I, 210;
    • of copper, II, 219.
  • Perishable materials, I, 32; II, 344.
  • Perkins, E. C., II, 210.
  • Perkins, Professor G. H., I, 236, 277.
  • Pestles, II, 95 ff.
  • Petaluma, California, plummets, I, 436.
  • Phallic pestles, II, 116.
  • Philadelphia Museum, II, 235.
  • Phillips Academy collection, Andover, Massachusetts, I, 362, and passim.
  • Phœnix, Arizona, I, 138.
  • Pick-shaped forms, I, 341, 402.
  • Pictographs on gorget, I, 380;
    • in general, II, 1.
  • Pikes, of copper, II, 216.
  • Piney Branch (D. C.), I, 35.
  • Pipes, II, 29 ff.;
    • eastern Canada, II, 331;
    • Canadian Plains, II, 334;
    • Utah, II, 338;
    • Dakota, II, 341.
  • Pitted stones, II, 314 ff.
  • Plastic vs. incised designs, II, 288.
  • Plummet-shaped forms, I, 431 ff.
  • Pointed bowls for insertion in the ground, II, 114.
  • Point of view of the peoples of the stone age, II, 363.
  • Population in ancient times, II, 344.
  • Pottery, in general, II, 247;
    • invention, II, 258;
    • classified, II, 278;
    • in eastern Canada, II, 332;
    • Plains of Canada, II, 335;
    • Utah, 338;
    • Dakota, II, 342.
  • Powell, Major J. W., II, 357.
  • Precious minerals, II, 364.
  • Problematical forms, in general, I, 329 ff.;
    • peculiar to America, I, 414.
  • Processes of stone-shaping, I, 289.
  • Progression of types, I, 260.
  • Projectile points, copper, II, 180, 198.
  • Provincial Museum, Toronto, Ontario, II, 11.
  • Pueblo culture, II, 362.
  • Punches, of copper, II, 216.
  • Putnam, Professor F. W., II, 235.
  • Pyrula shells, II, 122.
  • Quadrupeds in or on pottery, II, 287.
  • Quarries, I, 34 ff.;
    • soapstone, II, 104.
  • Quarrying materials, I, 31 ff.
  • Question of antiquity of man in America, II, 350 ff.
  • Rat-tail files, discussion, II, 133.
  • Rattles, I, 357;
    • of clay, II, 261.
  • Rau, Dr. Charles, I, 421.
  • Reeder, J. T., II, 124.
  • Reamers, I, 212.
  • Re-chipped specimens, I, 124.
  • Rejects, I, 43, Fig. 36.
  • Re-made specimens, axes as hammers, I, 231;
    • problematical forms, I, 347.
  • Renaissance art, II, 355.
  • Repoussé work, copper, II, 234.
  • Rhode Island, pestle, II, 114.
  • Ribbons of (the moose), II, 159.
  • Ribs of animals, as knives, etc., II, 134.
  • Ridged gorgets, I, 341;
    • developing into bars, I, 403.
  • Rings, I, 440;
    • of clay, II, 264.
  • Rivet-holes in sockets, II, 210.
  • Rocky Mountain culture, II, 361–362.
  • Rocky Mountain region, chipped implements, I, 242.
  • Rolled socketed points, of copper, II, 212.
  • Roller pestles, II, 114.
  • Rubbing pottery, II, 280.
  • Rudeness of object no evidence of antiquity, I, 82.
  • Rust, H. N., I, 245.
  • “Saddle-stones,” II, 5.
  • St. Francis Basin, Arkansas, pottery, II, 256.
  • St. Lawrence Basin, celts, I, 267;
    • harpoons, II, 137.
  • Salado Valley, Arizona, II, 131, 132.
  • Salts Cave, Kentucky, II, 238.
  • Saltpeter, as preservative, II, 238.
  • Sandals, II, 235.
  • Santo Domingo, celts, I, 328.
  • Saskatchewan, II, 341.
  • Savage, Father James, I, 312.
  • Savage vs. barbaric cultures, II, 348.
  • Savannah River, pottery, II, 280.
  • Scarifying of pottery, II, 287.
  • Secondary uses of forms, I, 394 ff.
  • Scandinavian daggers, I, 62.
  • Sceptres, I, 166.
  • Schumacher, J. P., I, 242.
  • Schuette, G., II, 196.
  • Scrapers, compared with Eskimo, I, 67;
    • in general, I, 198 ff.;
    • classified, I, 198;
    • mounting, I, 205;
    • of bone, II, 134;
    • in eastern Canada, II, 330, 331.
  • Scraping pottery, II, 280.
  • Screw-pressure, I, 71.
  • Seever, W. J., I, 164.
  • Sellars, G., I, 40, 48.
  • Seminoles, II, 354.
  • Seris, I, 330; II, 348.
  • Serpent, realistically treated, II, 288.
  • Sharpening-stones, Dakota, II, 341.
  • Shawano sites, II, 345.
  • Shell, II, 117 ff.;
    • in Dakota, II, 340.
  • Shell gorgets, II, 122 ff.
  • Shoulder blades of animals, as digging-tools, II, 134.
  • Shuttles, I, 410.
  • Sinew, for hafting, I, 286.
  • Sinew-smoother, I, 369.
  • “Sinew stone,” II, 314.
  • Sioux, necklaces, I, 216;
    • pipes, II, 40.
  • Sites, prehistoric, historic, modern, II, 344, 345.
  • Skull, incrusted with shells, II, 352.
  • Slate spears, in eastern Canada, II, 331.
  • Smith, Captain John, I, 49.
  • Smith, Harlan I., I, 302.
  • Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., chipped implements, I, 232, 334;
    • copper, II, 161;
    • pottery, II, 280;
    • hematites, II, 302.
  • Snake-form in necklaces, II, 155.
  • Snyder, Dr. J. F., Virginia, Illinois, I, 218, 427.
  • Sockets, copper, II, 190.
  • Socketed points, II, 180.
  • Soapstone, II, 104.
  • South America, copper, II, 165.
  • South Carolina, chipped implements, I, 239.
  • Southern California culture, II, 362.
  • Southern culture areas, II, 361.
  • Southwest, numerous effigies, II, 23.
  • Spades, manufacture, I, 64.
  • Spatulas, copper, II, 192.
  • Specialization in work, I, 145 ff.
  • Spikes, of copper, II, 220.
  • Spindle-whorls, II, 23.
  • Split stick for hafting, I, 305.
  • Spool-shaped forms, I, 403.
  • Spoons, of bone, II, 141.
  • Springfield, Illinois, I, 180.
  • Spuds, of copper, II, 186.
  • Spud-shaped forms, I, 418 ff.;
    • habitat, I, 421.
  • Squash, II, 238.
  • Squier and Davis, II, 133.
  • Stamping pottery, II, 280.
  • Stanley, H. M., II, 367.
  • Starr, Professor Frederick, II, 159.
  • Steatite, II, 104.
  • Steinbrueck, E. R., Mandan collection, I, 198; II, 150.
  • Stems, classified, I, 99.
  • Stockton, California, I, 154.
  • Stoddard, H. L., I, 452.
  • “Stone ceremonial swords,” II, 308.
  • Stone graves, Tennessee, II, 261;
    • number, II, 346.
  • “Stone swords,” I, 164.
  • Sun-dance, Mandan and Kiowa, I, 6, 7.
  • Sun-dried clay, liable to disappear, II, 269.
  • “Sun-fish spears,” Greene County, Ohio, I, 233.
  • Superior-Michigan region, chipped implements, I, 239.
  • Susquehanna River, I, 35;
    • axes, I, 323.
  • “Swords” of shell, II, 121.
  • Symbolic decoration, II, 287.
  • Symposium on copper, II, 233.
  • Tablets, I, 347 ff.;
    • of stone in Dakota, II, 341.
  • Tattoo-marks, or painting, II, 126.
  • Technology of flint implements, I, 234.
  • Tecumseh, II, 345.
  • Teeth as ornaments, II, 134.
  • “Telescopes,” I, 455.
  • Tempering, of pottery, II, 256.
  • Tennessee, types of chipped implements, I, 238;
    • bicaves, I, 446;
    • copper, II, 174.
  • Tennessee Historical Society, I, 232.
  • Tennessee Valley, shell gorgets, II, 123;
    • pottery, II, 256.
  • Texas, I, 40;
    • chipped implements, I, 244.
  • Texas culture area, II, 361.
  • Textile fabrics, in general, II, 235 ff.
  • Textiles in Utah, II, 337.
  • Thomas, Dr. Cyrus, II, 367.
  • Thruston, General G. P., I, 422.
  • Thunder-bird, as represented by winged forms, I, 380.
  • Tobacco and tobacco-smoking, II, 29.
  • Tomahawks, I, 270.
  • Tooker, Paul S., Westfield, New Jersey, I, 380.
  • Toothed points, of copper, II, 202.
  • Torches, of reed, II, 238.
  • Totems, II, 17.
  • Toys, of pottery, II, 261.
  • Trade, aboriginal, I, 221;
    • in copper, II, 23, 231.
  • Transportation of material, I, 40 ff; I, 218–220.
  • Trenton, New Jersey, II, 350.
  • Triangular pieces of horn, II, 153, 154.
  • Tubular forms, I, 453 ff.
  • Turtlebacks, II, 40, 191, 348.
  • Typha (cat-tail), fibres for braiding, II, 240.
  • Unbaked clay, Dakota, II, 342.
  • Unfinished fish-hooks, process of manufacture, II, 148.
  • Unfinished winged forms, I, 379.
  • Unio shells, II, 122.
  • University of Vermont, II, 189.
  • Utah, in general (Montgomery), II, 336 ff.;
    • culture area, II, 363.
  • Valuation of chipped implements, I, 245.
  • Variety in ceramics, II, 289.
  • Village-site of antiquity, II, 269.
  • Volk, E., II, 350.
  • Wabash River, limit of effigy pottery, II, 250.
  • Wagon-pressure, I, 71.
  • War points, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Mississippi, Texas, Georgia, Virginia, Massachusetts, Oregon, Illinois, I, 86, 88.
  • Wearing of perforations, I, 372.
  • Weathering, II, 353.
  • Wedges, copper, II, 184.
  • Weirs, II, 141.
  • West, G. A., pipes, II, 29.
  • West Virginia, plummets, I, 436;
    • copper, II, 174.
  • Whistles, II, 142.
  • Wild hemp, II, 242.
  • Willamette Valley, Oregon, small points, I, 233.
  • Williams, Professor E. H., Jr., I, 205, 413; II, 352.
  • Willoughby, C. C., I, 251.
  • Wilson, Rev. G. L., II, 153.
  • Wilson, Dr. T., I, 10, 34, 251.
  • Winged forms of greater age than the mounds, I, 411.
  • Winged problematical forms, I, 376 ff.
  • Winnebago Indians, II, 40; II, 159, 167.
  • Wintuns, I, 74.
  • Wisconsin, knives, I, 92;
    • spades, I, 184;
    • grooved hammers, I, 231;
    • celts, I, 272;
    • grooved axes, I, 306;
    • fluted axes, I, 316;
    • gorgets, I, 374;
    • winged forms, I, 386;
    • spuds, I, 427;
    • pestles, II, 115;
    • bone, II, 156;
    • copper, II, 161 ff.;
    • pottery, II, 294;
    • hematite, II, 304.
  • Wisconsin Archæological Society, II, 164.
  • Wisconsin Natural History Society, II, 161.
  • Wisconsin State Historical Museum, I, 241–242, 308; II, 161.
  • Woman’s knife, II, 311.
  • Women, compared with men in population, II, 137.
  • Wooden bowls, II, 102.
  • Workmanship, depending on material, I, 233.
  • Wrappings of cloth, II, 204.
  • Wright, Professor G. Frederick, I, 34.
  • Wright, Professor John H., I, 11.
  • Wyman, Dr. Jeffries, II, 352.
  • Wyoming, quarries, I, 35.
  • Yale, British Columbia, I, 304.
  • Yellowstone Park, I, 35.
  • Young, Colonel B. H., II, 124;
    • shell gorgets, II, 130;
    • Salts Cave, II, 238.
  • Zigzag ornamentation, or pattern, II, 214.
  • Zimmerman, E. D., Kutztown, Pennsylvania, II, 308.