- Adam, 85, 189, 207
- Ambroise Thomas’s Hamlet, Mignon, 90
- Arensky, 124
- Aria from Gluck’s Orfeo, 50-51
- —— Verdi’s Aïda, 73-74
- Ariosti, 190
- Arne, 93-94
- Arne’s Artaxerxes, 93
- Arrieta, 129
- Arsani, 208
- Auber, 87-88, 175, 207
- Auber’s Masaniello, 87;
- Fra Diavolo, 88
- Bach, 61
- Balfe, 94-95
- Balfe’s The Siege of Rochelle, 95;
- Bohemian Girl, 95, 187
- Ballad Opera, 15, 94, 186
- Ballet, 188-189
- Bardi, Count, 33
- Barnett’s The Mountain Sylph, 94
- Bayreuth, 179, 180-183
- —— Wagner’s theatre at, 103
- Beethoven, 13, 14, 24, 27, 44, 55, 61, 76, 77, 99
- Beethoven’s Fidelio, 55, 70, 84, 170, 177, 185
- Beggar’s Opera, 91-93, 186
- Bellini, 15, 72, 173
- Bellini’s La Sonnambula, Norma, 72
- Benda, 51
- Benedict, 96
- Benedict’s The Lily of Killarney, 96
- Berlin, 178
- Berlioz, 87, 175, 209
- Bishop, Henry, 94, 157
- Bizet, 89
- Bizet’s Carmen, 89
- Boieldieu, 85, 207
- Boieldieu’s La Dame Blanche, 85
- Boito, 130-132, 141
- Boito’s Nero and Orestiade, 131;
- Mefistofele, 131, 173, 195
- Borodin, 124, 125
- Borodin’s Prince Igor, 125
- Bruneau, 141, 143
- Bruneau’s L’Attaque du Moulin, L’Outragan,
- La Rêve, Messidor, 143
- Budapest, 178
- Bunning, Herbert, 148
- Bunning’s Princess Osra, 145, 148
- Buononcini, 42, 45-46, 64, 154, 190
- Caccini, 37, 39
- Caldara, 41, 42, 207
- Cambert, Robert, 42
- Campion, 187
- “Canzone” by Mozart, 52
- Carl Rosa Opera Company, 159
- Caruso, 204
- Catalani, 204
- Cavalli, 10, 40
- Cavos, 123
- César-Cui, 124, 125
- César-Cui’s Angelo, Ratcliff, The Flibustier, 125
- Cesti, 41
- Charpentier, 144
- Cherubini, 14, 63, 66, 84, 168, 175, 199
- Cherubini’s Ali Baba, Les Abencerages, Les deux Journées, 84;
- Water Carrier, 159, 200
- Chorale from Meyerbeer’s Les Huguenots, 86
- Cilea, 134
- Cilea’s Adriana Lecouvreur, 134, 188
- Cimarosa, 51, 65, 207
- Cimarosa’s The Secret Marriage, 65
- Companies, opera, 154;
- travelling, 158
- Composers, stories of, 209-211
- Concerted Finale, Invention of, 12, 64
- Contest, a notable, 65
- Coperario, 187
- Corder, 147
- Corder’s Nordisa, 147
- Cornelius, 79
- Cornelius’ The Barber of Bagdad, 80
- Covent Garden opera, 154, 157
- Cowen, 147
- Cowen’s Harold, Signa, The Lady of Lyons, 147;
- Thorgrim, 147, 159;
- Pauline, 159
- Curiosities of opera, 189-198
- Da Capo Aria, Birth of, 11;
- weakness of, 21;
- reform of, 22
- Dargomijsky, 124
- Dargomijsky’s The Stone Guest, The Water-Sprite, 124
- Debussy, 144
- Debussy’s Pelleas et Melisande, 144
- De Lara, 148
- De Lara’s Amy Robsart, Messaline, The Light of Asia, 148
- Délibes, Léo, 90
- Délibes’ Coppélia, Lakmé, Le Roi l’a dit, 90
- D’Indy, Vincent, 144
- Donizetti, 15, 72, 173, 207
- Donizetti’s La Favorita, La Fille du Régiment,
- L’Elisir d’Amore, 72;
- Lucretia Borgia, 72, 173;
- Lucia di Lammermoor, 174
- Dresden, 179
- Dubois, 144
- Dvŏrák, 126, 128, 178
- Dvŏrák’s Demetrius, Der Bauer ein Schelm, King and Collier, Rusalka, Wanda, 128;
- Armida, 128, 178
- Early Russian composers, 123
- Elgar’s Apostles, 117
- Empiricism, Musical, 12
- English Opera, 44-47, 91
- Enterprise, Operatic, in England, 150
- Farinelli, 203, 204
- Fibich, 127, 178
- Flotow, 79
- Flotow’s Martha, 79
- Franchetti, 134
- French Opera, 42-43
- French School, the, 81-90
- Gade, 129
- Galuppi, 64
- German, Edward, 148
- German Opera, 43-44
- German School, the, 76-80
- Giordano, 134
- Giordano’s Andrea Chenier, 134
- Glinka, 123, 127
- Glinka’s A Life for the Czar, Russia and Ludmilla, 123
- Gluck, 13-15, 20, 22-24, 31, 42, 48-51, 61, 63,
- 64-65, 71, 76, 83, 87, 98, 143, 175, 190, 207
- Gluck’s Armida, Iphigenia in Aulide, Paris and Helen, 49;
- Alceste, 23, 49;
- Orfeo, 49, 177;
- Iphigenia in Tauride, 49, 65
- Goetz, 80
- Goetz’s The Taming of the Shrew, 80
- Goldmark, 137
- Goldmark’s Cricket on the Hearth, The Queen of Sheba, 137
- Goring Thomas’s Esmeralda, Nadeshda, 97
- Gounod, 88, 141
- Gounod’s Mireille, Romeo and Juliet, The Mock Doctor, 88;
- Philémon and Baucis, 88, 196;
- Faust, 88, 95, 141, 170
- Grand Opera, definition of, 70;
- in England, 156-162
- —— French, 43, 63, 176
- Graun, 77, 207
- Grétry, 51, 82
- Grieg, 129
- Grisi, 208
- Halèvy, 85, 207
- Handel, 11, 43, 44-47, 64, 76, 154, 190, 191, 195, 202, 203, 207
- Handel’s Deidamia, 45;
- Rinaldo, 45, 202
- Harris, Sir Augustus, 157
- Hasse, 43, 77, 207
- Haydn, 61, 207
- Hérold, 85, 175, 207
- Hérold’s Zampa, 85
- Hiller, 77, 78
- Hiller’s Der Dorfbarbier, Die Jagel, 77
- Humperdinck, 137
- Humperdinck’s Die Heirat wider Willen, 139;
- Hansel and Gretel, 137, 138, 141
- Innovations, musical, 20
- Isouard, 85, 206
- Italian Opera, 15, 39-42
- Italian School, the, 63-75
- Jenny Lind, 203
- Jomelli, 64, 207
- Jomelli’s Armida, 209
- Keiser, 43, 76
- Kelly, 94
- Kreutzer, 79
- Lablache, 204, 208
- Lago, Señor, 157
- Lalo, 90
- Lalo’s Le Roi d’Ys, 90
- Legrenzi, 41
- Leipzig, 179
- Leit-motif, the, 27, 28, 105, 107, 116, 135
- Leoi, Franco, 148
- Leoncavallo, 130, 133
- Leoncavallo’s I Pagliacci, 133, 195;
- Roland of Berlin, 133
- Librettists, 206
- Lindpaintner, 78, 79
- Liszt, 102, 103
- Lock, 187
- Logroscino, 12, 64
- Lortzing, 78, 79
- Lortzing’s Peter the Shipwright, 79
- Lotti, 42
- Ludvig II., King of Bavaria, 102, 103
- Lully, 11, 42-43, 81, 98, 175, 176, 188, 199
- MacCunn, Hamish, 147
- MacCunn’s Diarmid, 148;
- Jeanie Deans, 148, 159
- Macfarren, 96
- Mackenzie, 145, 147
- Mackenzie’s The Cricket on the Hearth, The Troubadour, 147
- Malibran, 204
- Manners, Charles, 160, 161
- Marschner, 14, 60, 78, 79
- Marschner’s Der Vampyr, Hans Heiling,
- The Templar and the Jewess, 79
- Mascagni, 130, 131-132
- Mascagni’s Cavalleria Rusticana, 132, 170, 206;
- L’Amico Fritz, I Rantzau, Iris,
- William Ratcliff, 133
- Masque, the, 187
- Massé, Victor, 90
- Massé’s Paul et Virginie, 90
- Massenet, 141, 142
- Massenet’s Esclarmonde, Hérodiade, Le Cid,
- La Jongleur de Notre Dame, La Navarraise,
- Le Roi de Lahore, Manon, Thaïs,
- Werther, 142
- McLean, Alick, 148
- Méhul, 83
- Méhul’s Joseph, Uthal, 83
- Melody, Adoption of, 10
- Melos, 16, 26, 30, 116;
- Modern, 117
- Mendelssohn, 59, 60, 61
- Mendelssohn’s Lorelei, The Wedding of Camacho, 60
- Mercadante, 72
- Merimée, 210
- Messager André, 144
- Metastasio, 207
- Meyerbeer, 60, 85-87, 98, 101, 169, 173, 175, 176, 194, 207
- Meyerbeer’s Dinorah, L’Africaine, Le Huguenots,
- Le Prophète, 87
- Michael’s Utal, 195
- Mixed language singing, 190
- Monodic style, 38
- Monsigny, 82
- Monteverde, 9, 19, 20, 31, 39, 48, 71
- Moody, Madame Fanny, 160
- Moody-Manners Company, 158, 160
- “Moresca” from Monteverde’s Orfeo, 39-40
- Moussorgsky’s Judith, 125
- Mozart, 13, 14, 24, 27, 44, 51-55, 61, 62, 63,
- 65, 66, 70, 76, 77, 78, 168, 205, 207
- Mozart’s Die Entfurhrung aus dem Serail, Idomeneo, 54;
- Don Juan, 54, 205;
- Magic Flute, 54, 195;
- The Marriage of Figaro, 54, 177;
- Cosi fan Tutte, 177;
- Zauberflöte, 177, 196;
- Don Giovanni, 124, 170, 178, 195
- Munich, 179
- Musical comedy, 186
- Musical empiricism, 12
- Music, Emotional effect of, 34;
- an accessory, 5;
- polyphonic, 33
- Muzio Scevola, 190
- Napoleon I., 199, 200
- Naumann, 84
- Naylor, Dr. Edward, 161
- Neapolitan school, the, 64
- Nepravnik, 127
- Nessler, 140
- Nessler’s The Trumpeter of Sákkingen, 140
- Nicolai, 78, 79
- Nicolai’s Merry Wives of Windsor, 79
- Offenbach, 89
- Offenbach’s Orphée aux enfers, 89;
- Les Contes d’Hoffmann, 90
- Opera and politics, 199
- “Opera Buffa,” 12, 64
- “Opera Comique,” 15, 82, 83, 185
- Opera House, Attempts to provide London with, 158;
- Covent Garden, 172;
- “La Scala,” Milan, 173;
- “San Carlo,” Naples, 173;
- “Académie Nationale de Musique,” Paris, 175;
- Vienna, 177;
- Hungarian, Budapest, 178;
- National Theatre, Prague, 178;
- Berlin, 178;
- Dresden, 179;
- Court Theatre, Munich, 179;
- Bayreuth, 180
- Opera houses, the chief, 172-184
- “Opera in Musica,” 1, 5
- “Opero Seria,” 12
- Operetta, 185
- Opera, What is it? 1;
- derivation of term, 1;
- an artificial product, 2-3;
- hybrid, 4;
- defined, 5;
- growth of, 8;
- reformers of, 18;
- beginnings of, 42;
- logical commencement of, 37;
- early Italian, 39-42;
- early French, 42-43;
- early German, 43-44;
- early English, 44-47;
- small influence of great composers on, 61;
- Italian school of, 63-75;
- German school, 76-80;
- French school, 81-90;
- English, of eighteenth and part of nineteenth centuries, 91-97;
- chief modern composers of, 120;
- subsidized, 150;
- an educative
- quantity, 151;
- objections to subsidized, 151;
- English, 152;
- Covent Garden, 154;
- how to listen to and enjoy it, 163-171;
- in Russia, 183;
- in other European countries, 183;
- in Egypt and America, 184
- Orchestra, use of, 10;
- definite shaping of, 14
- Pacini, 72, 202
- Paderewski, 127
- Paisiello, 64
- Paladihle, 144
- Palazzo Bardi enthusiasts, 19, 33, 34
- Paris, 175
- Parry, Sir H., 145
- “Pasticcio,” 190
- Patti, Madame, 204
- Pepusch, Dr., 92
- Pergolesi, 12, 64
- Pergolesi’s La Serva Padrona, 64
- Peri, 34, 37, 39
- Peri’s Daphne, 34;
- Euridice, 34, 35, 36, 42
- Philidor, 82
- Philip V. of Spain, 203
- Piccini, 51, 64-65
- Polish opera, 127
- Ponchielli’s La Gioconda, 173
- Porpora, 207
- Prague, 178
- Prima Donna, the, 207-208
- Prime donne, 15, 72, 207
- Puccini, 130, 135
- Puccini’s La Bohème, La Tosca, Manon Lescaut, 135;
- Madama Butterfly, 135, 157
- Purcell, 11, 44, 91
- Purcell’s Dido and Æneas, King Arthur, 44
- Rameau, 81-82, 175
- Recitative, 69-71
- Recitativo Stromentato, 71
- Richter (Wagnerian conductor), 157
- Ricordi, Messrs., 161
- Rimsky-Korsakoff, 124, 125
- Rimsky-Korsakoff’s Pskowitjanka, The May Night, 125
- Romantic opera, 24, 56
- Rome, 174
- “Rose Softly Blooming” (song), 79
- Rossi, 42
- Rossini, 15, 25, 66-69' 71, 80, 173, 202, 206
- Rossini’s La Cenerentola, William Tell, 71;
- La Gazza Ladra, 71, 173;
- Otello, 69, 71;
- Tancredi, 66, 174;
- Semiramide, Mosè in Egitto, Zelmira, 174;
- The Barber of Seville, 66, 174, 202, 211
- “Rossinian Crescendo,” example of, 67-69
- Rousseau, Jean Jaques, 82
- Rousseau’s Le Devin du Village, 82, 209
- Royal Opera Syndicate, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 161
- Royalties, 206
- Rubini, 208
- Rubinstein, 123
- Sacchini, 51, 64
- Saint-Saëns, 141-142
- Saint-Saëns’ Ascanio, Henry VIII., L’Ancètre,
- Les Barbares, Proserpine, and Phryne, 142
- Scarlatti, Alessandro, 10, 12, 21, 27, 41, 43, 70, 118
- Schillings, Max, 140
- Schubert, 13, 59, 60, 61
- Schubert’s Alfonso and Estella, Fierabras, 60
- Schumann, 59, 60, 61
- Schumann’s Genoveva, 60
- Scribe, 207
- Senesino, 202
- Serov, 124
- Shield, 94
- Sinding, 129
- Singers, Abuses by, 15;
- stories of, 207-208
- Singspiel, 4, 5, 70, 77, 83, 97, 185
- Slavonic opera, 122-128
- Smetana, 127, 178
- Smetana’s Dalibor, Der Kuss, Libusa, 128;
- Bartered Bride, 128, 178
- Smith, Miss Emily, 148
- Smith’s (Miss Emily) Der Wald, The Wreckers, 148
- Somerville, 148
- Spinelli, 134
- Spinelli’s A Basso Porto, 134
- Spohr, 14, 24, 78
- Spohr’s Faust, 78;
- Der Alchymist, Der Berggeist, Jessonda, 79
- Spontini, 14, 60, 63, 66, 84, 98, 169, 175,
- 176, 194, 196, 200, 205, 210
- Spontini’s Fernand Cortez, Olympia, 85;
- La Petite Maison, 210;
- La Vestale, 85, 200, 210
- Stage pieces, Progress in mounting of, 7
- Stanford, 145, 146, 153
- Stanford’s Canterbury Pilgrims, Savonarola,
- Shamus O’Brien, The Veiled Prophet of Khorassan, 146;
- Much Ado about Nothing, 147
- Stereotyped casts, 191
- Storace, 94
- Strauss, 139, 179
- Strauss’s Feursnot, Guntram, 139;
- Elektra, Salome, 139, 179
- Sullivan, 97, 119, 158, 189
- Sullivan’s The Mikado, 97;
- Ivanhoe, 97, 158
- Sussmäyr, 70
- Tamburini, 208
- Tchaïkovsky, 124, 126, 189, 195
- Tchaïkovsky’s Eugene Oniegin, Joan of Arc,
- Mazeppa, The Enchantress,
- The Oprichnik, 126
- Thomas, Ambroise, 90, 119, 141
- Thomas, Goring, 96
- Titov, 123
- Tomaschek, 127
- Tonality, 9
- Venice, 174
- Verdi, 72-75, 80, 98, 119, 173, 207
- Verdi’s Ernani, Rigoletto, Il Trovatore,
- La Traviata, 72;
- Un Ballo in Maschera, Aïda, 73;
- Otello, Falstaff, 74;
- I Lombardi, 173
- Vienna, 177
- Vivaldi, 41
- Volkov, 123
- Wagner, 15, 26, 73, 79, 85, 89, 98-115, 143,
- 157, 176, 179, 180, 189, 192;
- Influence of, 116-120;
- use of orchestra, 118;
- his harmony, 118;
- supernatural requirements, 194
- Wagner’s The Fairies, 100;
- Das Liebesverbot, 100, 101;
- Rienzi, 101, 105;
- Flying Dutchman, 79, 102, 105, 159;
- Parsifal, 104, 113-115;
- Tannhäuser, 102, 106-107, 189, 209;
- Lohengrin, 102, 107-108, 159, 170, 200, 209;
- The Ring, 102, 103, 112-113, 157, 170, 202;
- Die Meistersinger, 102, 110-112, 157, 170, 202;
- Tristan and Isolde, 189, 170
- Wagner, Siegfried, 140
- Wallace, 96
- Wallace’s Maritana, 96, 187
- Weber, 13, 14, 24, 44, 56-59, 61, 66, 77,
- 78, 84, 89, 99, 157, 168, 179, 205
- Weber’s Der Freischütz, 56, 70, 78, 84, 178, 185, 205;
- fragment from, 57-59;
- Oberon, 59, 157;
- Euryanthe, 59, 195
- Weingartner, 140
About This Book
A concise historical and practical survey that defines opera and traces its development from early experiments through the major national schools and stylistic shifts. It profiles influential reformers and composers, contrasts forms such as opera buffa, grand opera, and romantic/national traditions, and discusses the changing relationship between music and drama. Chapters explain how to listen to and appreciate operatic works, and appendices assemble reference material, repertory information, and comparative data on institutional support for opera.