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The Task of Social Hygiene

Chapter 33: WILLIAM BRENDON AND SON, LTD. PRINTERS, PLYMOUTH
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About This Book

The author defines social hygiene as a broad programme to safeguard communal welfare by combining sanitary improvements, labour regulation, expanded education, child care, and public-health initiatives with candid discussion of sexual conduct and moral responsibility. Emphasizing that order must support rather than suppress freedom, he focuses on improving the quality of life and population rather than mere conditions, discussing infant mortality, reproduction control, and heredity. Analyses of prostitution, mental deficiency, and poverty illustrate how social structures and individual weaknesses interact. The work recommends legal, educational, and ethical reforms, alongside controversial eugenic proposals, to cultivate healthier citizens and societies.

  • Abortion, facultative, 99
  • Age of consent, 288 et seq.
  • Aggeneration, 24
  • Alcohol, legislative control of, 277 et seq., 295 et seq.
  • Alcoholism, 33, 41
  • Allen, Grant, 394
  • Allen, W.H., 11
  • Ancestry, the study of, 2
  • Angell, Norman, 321
  • Anthony, Susan, 111
  • Antimachus of Colophon, 117
  • Anti-militarism, 328
  • Aristotle, 403
  • Ashby, 33
  • Asnurof, 283
  • Aubry, 42
  • Augustine, St., 5
  • Australia, birth-rate in, 146 et seq., 162;
  • moral legislation in, 291
  • Azoulay, 188

  • Bachofen,
    91
  • Baines, Sir J.A., 153
  • Barnes, Earl, 223
  • Basedow, 244
  • Bateson, 27, 194, 402
  • Beatrice, Dante's, 122
  • Beaufront, L. de, 372, 373
  • Bebel, 71, 88
  • Becker, R., 118
  • Belbèze, 211
  • Benecke, E.F.M., 117
  • Bergsonian philosophy, 31
  • Bertillon, G., 63
  • Bertillon, J., 278
  • Beveridge, 171
  • Bible in religious education, 230, 240
  • Billroth, 353
  • Bingham, 274
  • Birth-rate, in France, 17, 136, 188;
  • in England, 17, 137;
  • in Germany, 17, 138;
  • in Russia, 25;
  • in United States, 141;
  • in Canada, 144;
  • in Australasia, 146, 162;
  • in Japan, 155;
  • in China, 156;
  • among savages, 167;
  • significance of a falling, 134 et seq.;
  • in relation to death-rate, 7, 150
  • Blease, W. Lyon, 70
  • Bloch, Iwan, 93
  • Boccaccio, 119, 123
  • Bodey, 43, 201
  • Böhmert, 138
  • Bonhoeffer, 38
  • Booth, C., 177, 184
  • Bosanquet, 18, 383, 394
  • Bouché-Leclercq, 306
  • Branthwaite, 41
  • Braun, Lily, 139
  • Brinton, 351
  • Budin, 8
  • Bund für Mutterschutz, 96
  • Burckhardt, 123
  • Burnham, 221
  • Bushee, F., 11, 171
  • Byington, 393

  • Camp, Maxime du,
    50
  • Campanella, 27
  • Campbell, Harry, 179
  • Canada, birth-rate in, 144 et seq.;
  • sexual hygiene in, 253
  • Cantlie, 179
  • Carpenter, Edward, 397
  • Casper, 91
  • Certificates, eugenic, 30, 44, 202
  • Chadwick, Sir E., 4, 184
  • Chamfort, X256
  • Chastity of German women, 88
  • Cheetham, 235
  • Chicago Vice Commission, 277, 295, 300
  • Child, psychology of, 218
  • Children, religious education of, 217
  • China, birth-rate in, 156
  • Christianity in relation to romantic love, 117
  • Chivalrous attitude towards women, 124
  • Civilization, what it consists in, 18
  • Clayton, 180
  • Cobbe, F.P., 50
  • Co-education, 58
  • Coghlan, T.A., 147, 161, 165, 166
  • Coinage, international, 378
  • Concubinage, legalized, 104
  • Condorcet, 50, 67
  • Confirmation, rite of, 236
  • Consent, age of, 288et seq.
  • Courts of Love, 119
  • Couturat, 350, 374
  • Creed, J.M., 291
  • Criminality and feeble-mindedness, 38
  • Crucé, Emeric, 316

  • Dante,
    122, 132
  • Dareste, 387, 396
  • Davenport, 35, 36, 44, 198
  • Death-rate in relation to birth-rate, 7, 150
  • Degenerate families, 41 et seq.
  • Degeneration of race, alleged, 19 et seq., 37
  • De Quincey, 219
  • Descartes, 349
  • Dickens, 129
  • Dill, Sir S., 305
  • Disinfection, origin of, 5
  • Divorce, 62, 109
  • Donkin, Sir H.B., 39
  • Donnan, 374
  • Drunkenness, decrease of, 18
  • Dubois, P., 315
  • Dugdale, 42
  • Dumont, Arsène, 157, 160, 171

  • Economic aspect of woman's movement,
    52, 63 et seq.
  • Education, 6, 47, 57, 71, 201, 217 et seq., 398
  • Ehrenfels, 25
  • Eichholz, 36
  • Eimer, 387
  • Ellis, Havelock, 15, 31, 40, 44, 49, 88, 100, 108, 118, 130, 154, 161, 179, 186, 204, 206, 207, 220, 244, 259, 369, 394
  • Enfantin, Prosper, 104
  • Engelmann, 142, 160, 165
  • English, characteristics of the, 2;
  • attitude towards immorality, 270
  • language for international purposes, 355 et seq.
  • Esperanto, 372
  • Espinas, 60
  • Eugenics, 12, 26 et seq., 107, 195 et seq., 399 et seq.
  • Euthenics, 12
  • Ewart, R.J., 26, 172

  • Factory legislation,
    5
  • Fahlbeck, 22
  • Fairy tales in education, 239
  • Family, limitation of, 16, 26
  • Family in relation to degeneracy, 41;
  • size of, 35
  • Feeble-minded, problem of the, 31 et seq.
  • Fell, E.F.B., 383
  • Ferrer, 318
  • Fertility in relation to prosperity, 169 et seq.
  • Fiedler, 229
  • Finlay-Johnson, H., 227, 242
  • Firenzuola, 123
  • "Fit," the term, 44
  • Flux, 138
  • Forel, 93
  • France, birth-rate in, 17, 136. 188;
  • women and love in, 119;
  • legal attitude towards immorality in, 265;
  • regulation of alcohol in, 278
  • Franklin, B., 142, 327
  • Fraser, Mrs., 115
  • French language for international purposes, 364 et seq.
  • Frenssen, 95
  • Freud, S, 92
  • Fuld, E.F., 274, 276
  • Fürch, Henriette, 252

  • Galton, Sir F.,
    28, 29, 44, 45, 107, 195, 197, 198, 200, 203, 208, 402
  • Gaultier, J. de, 342
  • Gautier, Léon, 119
  • Gavin, H., 184
  • Gayley, Julia, 420
  • Germany, sex questions in, 87 et seq.;
  • illegitimacy in, 97;
  • sexual hygiene in, 94;
  • legal attitude towards immorality in, 265, 301
  • Giddings, 46
  • Godden, 35, 198
  • Godwin, W., 309
  • Goethe, 128, 131
  • Goldscheid, 167, 173
  • Gomperz, 403
  • Goncourt, 120
  • Gouges, Olympe de, 68
  • Gourmont, Remy de, 122, 299, 317
  • Gournay, Marie de, 110
  • Grabowsky, 263
  • Grasset, 209
  • Grünspan, 97
  • Guérard, 325, 346, 369
  • Guthrie, L., 239

  • Haddon, A.C.,
    234, 245
  • Hagen, 262
  • Hale, Horatio, 351
  • Hales, W.W., 260
  • Hall, G. Stanley, 220, 224, 232, 233, 303
  • Hamburger, C., 151
  • Hamill, Henry, 213
  • Hausmeister, P., 302
  • Hayllar, F., 233
  • Health, nationalization of, 15
  • Health visitors, 7
  • Hearn, Lafcadio, 191
  • Henry, W.O., 252
  • Heredity of feeble-mindedness, 34
  • as the hope of the race, 44;
  • study of, 198
  • Heron, 19, 166
  • Hervé, 329
  • Hiller, 263, 267
  • Hinton, James, 133
  • Hirschfeld, Magnus, 92, 286
  • Hobbes, 313
  • Holland, moral legislation in, 291
  • Holmes, Edmond, 227, 228
  • Homosexuality and the law, 283, 286
  • Hookey, N.A., 174
  • Hughes, R.E., 242
  • Humboldt, W. von, 61, 106
  • Huneker, 393
  • Hungary, birth-rate and death-rate in, 169
  • Hutchinson, Woods, 186
  • Hygiene, in medieval and modern times, 5;
  • of sex, 244 et seq.

  • Idiocy,
    32 et seq.
  • Ido, 373
  • Illegitimacy, and feeble-mindedness, 37;
  • in Germany, 97
  • Imbecility, 32 et seq.
  • Individualism, 3, 381 et seq.
  • Industrialism, modern, 2
  • Inebriety and feeble-mindedness, 41
  • Infant consultations, 8
  • Infantile mortality, 7, 13, 25, 138, 150 et seq.
  • Initiation of youth, 234
  • Insurance, national, 15
  • International language of the future, 349 et seq.

  • James, E.C.,
    123
  • James, William, 195
  • Japan, romantic love in, 115;
  • birth-rate and death-rate in, 155;
  • changed conditions in, 191, 322
  • Jenks, E., 312, 316
  • Johannsen, 152
  • Johnson, Roswell, 207
  • Jordan, D.S., 324
  • Jörger, 42
  • Jukes family, 41

  • Kaan,
    91
  • Kellerman, Ivy, 369
  • Key, Ellen, 100 et seq., 130, 229, 394
  • Kirkup, 384
  • Krafft-Ebing, 92
  • Krauss, F.S., 92
  • Kuczynski, 142

  • Labour movement and war,
    329
  • La Chapelle, E.P., 145
  • Lacour, L., 68
  • Lagorgette, 315
  • Laissez-faire, the maxim of, 3, 400
  • Lancaster, 231
  • Language, international, 349 et seq.
  • Latin as an international language, 354
  • Lavelege, E. de, 321
  • Law, in relation to eugenics, 30, 45;
  • to morals, 48;
  • the sphere of, 312
  • Lea, 88
  • Leau, 350
  • Leibnitz, 350
  • Levy, Miriam, 221
  • Lewis, C.J. and J.N., 165
  • Lichtenstein, Ulrich von, 118
  • Life-history albums, 199, 212 et seq.
  • Lischnewska, Maria, 248
  • Lobsien, 226
  • Loomis, C.B., 361
  • Lorenz, 21, 373
  • Love, and the woman's question, 59, 101, 113 et seq.;
  • and eugenics, 203 et seq.
  • Luther, 94, 228, 306

  • Mackay, J.H.,
    393
  • Macnamara, N.C., 179
  • Macquart, 188
  • Maine, prohibition in, 279
  • Mannhardt, 204
  • Manouvrier, 86
  • Marcuse, Max, 94
  • Marriage, certificates for, 30, 44, 45, 209;
  • economics and, 61;
  • natural selection and, 204;
  • State regulation of, 61 et seq.;
  • the ideal of, 101;
  • in classic times, 114
  • Marriage-rate, 139, 164, 173
  • Matignon, 156
  • Matriarchal theory, 49
  • Maurice, Sir F., 180
  • McLean, 161
  • Meisel-Hess, Grete, 109, 130
  • Méray, 119, 365
  • Mercier, C., 20
  • Meredith, George, 129
  • Miele, 9
  • Miers, 354
  • Milk Depôts, 8
  • Mill, J.S., 52, 71
  • Moll, 92, 93, 246
  • Montaigne, 115
  • Montesquieu, 37
  • Moore, B., 15, 185
  • Morals in relation to law, 48, 258 et seq.
  • More, Sir T., 29
  • Morgan, L., 66
  • Morse, J., 224
  • Mortality of infants, 7, 13, 25, 138, 150 et seq.
  • Motherhood in relation to eugenics, 46
  • Mothers, schools for, 9
  • Mougins-Roquefort, 312
  • Municipal authorities to instruct in limitation of offspring, duty of, 26
  • Muralt, 2
  • Mysteries, Pagan and Christian, 235

  • Näcke
    ,
    186
  • Napoleon, 69, 265
  • Nars, L., 69
  • National Insurance, 15
  • Nationalization of health, 15
  • Natural selection and social reform, 13
  • Nearing, Scott, 194
  • Neo-Malthusianism, 16, 26, 102, 159 et seq.
  • Nevinson, H.W., 330
  • Newsholme, 7, 19, 137, 166, 172
  • New Zealand, birth-rate in, 148
  • Nietzsche, 190, 309, 334, 392
  • Niphus, 123
  • Norway, infantile mortality in, 14
  • Nötzel, R., 394
  • Novikov, 324, 330, 342
  • Noys, H., 29
  • Nyström, 26

  • Obscenity,
    255, 304
  • Oneida, 29
  • Ovid, 114, 132
  • Owen, Robert, 51

  • Pankhurst, Mrs.,
    85
  • Partridge, G.L., 219
  • Paul, Eden, 208
  • Pearson, Karl, 198
  • Penn, W., 341
  • Perrycoste, F.H., 212
  • Peters, J.P., 293
  • Pfaundler, 371
  • Pinard, J., 252
  • Pinloche, 244
  • Plate, 185
  • Ploetz, 210
  • Ploss, 167, 176
  • Police systems, 274
  • Post Office, inquisition at the, 276
  • Prohibition of alcohol in Maine, 279
  • Prosperity in relation to fertility, 169 et seq.
  • Prostitution, and feeble-mindedness, 38;
  • and sexual selection, 60;
  • varying legal attitude towards, 285, 296
  • Puberty, psychic influence of, 231 et seq.
  • Puericulture, 7

  • Quakers,
    270
  • Quarantine, origin of, 5

  • Race, alleged degeneration of,
    19 et seq., 37
  • Raines Law hotels, 293 et seq.
  • Ramsay, Sir W.M., 305
  • Ranke, Karl, 169
  • Raschke, Marie, 99
  • Reform, Social hygiene as distinct from sexual, 1;
  • four stages of social, 4 et seq.
  • Reibmayr, 22
  • Religion, and eugenics, 208;
  • and the child, 217 et seq.
  • Reproduction, control of, 17
  • Richards, Ellen, 12
  • Richardson, Sir B.W., 65
  • Robert, P., 340
  • Roberts, A.M., 369, 370
  • Roman Catholics and Neo-Malthusianism, 161
  • Roseville, 173
  • Ross, E.A., 156
  • Rousseau, 229
  • Rubin, 153, 166
  • Ruediger, 232
  • Rural life, influence of, 177 et seq.
  • Russell, Mrs. B., 9
  • Russia, infantile mortality in, 14, 154, 168;
  • moral legislation in, 282
  • Ryle, R.J., 33

  • Sacraments, origin of Christian,
    235
  • Saint-Pierre, Abbé de, 339
  • Saint-Simon, 1, 104
  • St. Valentine and eugenics, 203
  • Sand, George, 50, 105
  • Sanitation as an element of social reform, 4
  • Saussure, R. de, 380
  • Sayer, E., 35
  • Schallmayer, 200
  • Schiff, M., 110
  • Schleyer, 352
  • Schooling, J.H., 174
  • Schools for mothers, 9
  • Schrader, O., 88
  • Schreiner, Olive, 130, 330
  • Schroeder, T., 255, 304
  • Science and social reform, 11
  • Sellers, E., 266, 301
  • Sex questions in Germany, 87 et seq.
  • Sexual hygiene, 244 et seq., 309
  • Sexual selection, 59, 203 et seq.
  • Shaftesbury, Earl of, 6
  • Sherwell, A., 280
  • Shrank, J., 285
  • Siégler-Pascal, 339
  • Sitwell, Sir G., 327
  • Smith, Sir T., 120
  • Smith, T.P., 180
  • Social reform as distinct from social hygiene, 1;
  • its four stages, 4 et seq.
  • Socialism, 18, 208, 381 et seq.
  • Society of the future, 55
  • Sollier, 354
  • Solmi, 28
  • Sombart, 138
  • Spain, legalized concubinage in, 104;
  • women in, 129
  • Spanish as an international language, 353
  • Stanton, E.C., 85
  • Starbuck, 232
  • Steinmetz, 312, 331
  • Steele, 27
  • Sterilization, 30, 44, 46
  • Sterility and the birth-rate, 164
  • Stevenson, 19
  • Stewart, A., 237
  • Stewart, R.S., 182
  • Stirner, Max, 393
  • Stirpiculture, 29
  • Stöcker, H., 96
  • Streitberg, Countess von, 99
  • Suffrage, woman's, 50, 57, 71 et seq.
  • Sully, 315, 340
  • Sun, City of the, 27
  • Sutherland, A., 312
  • Sykes, 9
  • Syndicalism, 329
  • Syphilis, 32

  • Taine,
    128, 313
  • Takano, 155
  • Tarde, 132, 307
  • Thompson, W., 51
  • Toulouse, 45, 186
  • Tramps and feeble-mindedness, 41
  • Tredgold, 34

  • United States, birth-rate in,
    140 et seq.;
  • sexual hygiene in, 254;
  • attitude towards immorality in, 273 et seq.
  • Urban life, influence of, 177 et seq.

  • Vasectomy,
    31
  • Venereal disease and sexual hygiene, 254
  • Vesnitch, 315
  • Vineland, 34
  • Volapük, 352

  • Wagenen, W.F. van
    ,
    378
  • War against war, 311 et seq.
  • Ward, Mrs. Humphry, 76
  • Weale, B.L. Putnam, 157
  • Weatherby, 157
  • Webb, Sidney, 156, 163
  • Weeks, 35, 36
  • Weinberg, S., 99
  • Wentworth, S., 173
  • Westergaard, 166
  • Westermarck,559
  • Weuleresse, 400
  • Wheeler, Mrs., 52
  • White slave trade, 288
  • Whetham, W.C.D. and Mrs., 199
  • Whitman, Walt, 66, 403
  • Wilcox, W.F., 141
  • Wilde, O., 394
  • Wilhelm, C., 266
  • Wollstonecraft, Mary, 50, 69, 70, 111
  • Woman, and eugenics, 46;
  • movement, 49 et seq.;
  • economics, 63 et seq.;
  • eighteenth century, 69, 128;
  • and the suffrage, 50, 57, 71 et seq.;
  • of the Italian Renaissance, 123;
  • in Spanish literature, 129;
  • and war, 330

  • Yule, G. Udny,
    139, 174

  • Zamenhof,
    372
  • Zero family, 42
  • Ziller, 240

WILLIAM BRENDON AND SON, LTD.
PRINTERS, PLYMOUTH