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The Thirty Years' War, 1618-1648

Chapter 69: An Important Historical Series. EPOCHS OF HISTORY.
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The narrative traces the international conflict that embroiled Central Europe, explaining political institutions of the German states, the spread of Protestantism, and the failure to achieve national unity. It follows successive phases of fighting and diplomacy involving regional powers, describing military campaigns, alliances, and shifting French influence as German efforts faltered. Attention is given to the motives and actions of rulers and estates, the negotiations and charters that sought religious compromise, and the severe burdens borne by civilian populations. The author synthesizes recent scholarship with contemporary dispatches to assess why attempts at confessional settlement and political consolidation failed and how the balance of power in western Europe was transformed.


An Important Historical Series.
EPOCHS OF HISTORY.

EDITED BY
EDWARD E. MORRIS, M.A.,
Of Lincoln College, Oxford.
Head Master of the Bedfordshire Middle-Class Public School, &c.

Each 1 vol. 16mo. with Outline Maps. Price per volume, in cloth, $1.00.

Histories of countries are rapidly becoming so numerous that it is almost impossible for the most industrious student to keep pace with them. Such works are, of course, still less likely to be mastered by those of limited leisure. It is to meet the wants of this very numerous class of readers that the Epochs of History has been projected. The series will comprise a number of compact, handsomely printed manuals, prepared by thoroughly competent hands, each volume complete in itself, and sketching succinctly the most important epochs in the world's history, always making the history of a nation subordinate to this more general idea. No attempt will be made to recount all the events of any given period. The aim will be to bring out in the clearest light the salient incidents and features of each epoch. Special attention will be paid to the literature, manners, state of knowledge, and all those characteristics which exhibit the life of a people as well as the policy of their rulers during any period. To make the text more readily intelligible, outline maps will be given with each volume, and where this arrangement is desirable they will be distributed throughout the text so as to be more easy of reference. A series of works based upon this general plan can not fail to be widely useful in popularizing history as science has lately been popularized. Those who have been discouraged from attempting more ambitious works because of their magnitude, will naturally turn to these Epochs of History to get a general knowledge of any period; students may use them to great advantage in refreshing their memories and in keeping the true perspective of events, and in schools they will be of immense service as text books,—a point which shall be kept constantly in view in their preparation.

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Transcriber's notes:

The following is a list of changes made to the original. The first line is the original line, the second the corrected one.

creeds. Bnt freedom of conscience did not by any
creeds. But freedom of conscience did not by any

In an instant he was hurled out, crying, "Jesus, Mary!'
In an instant he was hurled out, crying, 'Jesus, Mary!'

Mary will help him." A moment later he added: "By
Mary will help him.' A moment later he added: 'By

God, his Mary has helped him." Slawata followed,
God, his Mary has helped him.' Slawata followed,

Saxony in mediating an arangement, whilst, on the other
Saxony in mediating an arrangement, whilst, on the other

from the Syrian frontier to the borders of Silesia,
from the Styrian frontier to the borders of Silesia,

will of God. This,' he cried triumphantly, 'is the
will of God. 'This,' he cried triumphantly, 'is the

the North German Protestants, Nobody doubted that,
the North German Protestants. Nobody doubted that,

hands of the French governmment. In that
hands of the French government. In that

Gospel was not a very real thing. Historians cooly
Gospel was not a very real thing. Historians coolly

After, all, however, the main point was the success or
After all, however, the main point was the success or

Tilly found occupation for his men in the seige of the
Tilly found occupation for his men in the siege of the

of westerly winds prevented them from leaviug
of westerly winds prevented them from leaving

stout guardians around him,
stout guardians around him.

which was nothing to Güstavus, but which a German
which was nothing to Gustavus, but which a German

fire. In the exeitement of plunder or of terror no one
fire. In the excitement of plunder or of terror no one

at all, must be based as far as posssible on institutions
at all, must be based as far as possible on institutions

a victory, With drums beating and banners
a victory. With drums beating and banners

advanced, Gustavus riding at the head of the calvary at
advanced, Gustavus riding at the head of the cavalry at

of Saxony he was was already secure;
of Saxony he was already secure;

who shall release me from my oath?' "You, gentlemen,"
who shall release me from my oath?" "You, gentlemen,"

§ 2. The Battle of Nôrdlingen.
§ 2. The Battle of Nördlingen.

pacification. Most of the princes and towns so accepted,
pacification. Most of the princes and towns so accepted

the storm of a city doomed to massacre and pilllage;
the storm of a city doomed to massacre and pillage;

Swedish general, Torstenson. who had taken
Swedish general, Torstenson, who had taken

the issue was hardly doubtful. In 1652 Louis XIV. entered
the issue was hardly doubtful. In 1652 Lewis XIV. entered

succeeeds as Emperor, 26.
succeeds as Emperor, 26.

Richelieu, becomes a minister of Louis XIII., 74;
Richelieu, becomes a minister of Lewis XIII., 74;

Saluces, siezed by Richelieu, 124.
Saluces, seized by Richelieu, 124.

sketching succintly the most important epochs
sketching succinctly the most important epochs