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The Thousand Buddhas / Ancient Buddhist Paintings from the Cave-Temples of Tun-huang on the Western Frontier of China cover

The Thousand Buddhas / Ancient Buddhist Paintings from the Cave-Temples of Tun-huang on the Western Frontier of China

Chapter 30: PLATE XXVIII BUST OF A LOKAPĀLA
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About This Book

The volume presents reproductions and detailed descriptions of ancient Buddhist paintings recovered from a sealed cave-temple complex on China’s western frontier. An introductory essay situates the images within Buddhist iconography and traces artistic influences from Indian, Central Asian, and Chinese sources. The main body catalogs individual plates with concise iconographic identifications, notes on composition, color, preservation, donor inscriptions, and related legends, and discusses large mandala compositions and variations of Bodhisattva and Buddha imagery. Technical remarks describe conservation and curatorial efforts undertaken to unfold, clean, and mount fragile silk paintings. Appendices and commentary provide comparative material and interpretive guidance for non-specialist students of Far Eastern religious art.

PLATE XXVIII
BUST OF A LOKAPĀLA

XXVIII

In this Plate we see a fine fragment of a silk painting once over life-size (Ch. liv. 003), reproduced on the scale of five-eighths and showing the upper part of the body of a Lokapāla. From the bow between his arm and body and the arrow held in his hand we can safely recognize him as Dhṛtarāṣṭra, the Guardian of the East. The figure, preserved only from the bearded jaws down to the hip-belt, is standing three-fourths to the left, with the left hand outspread at the breast and holding that World-Protector’s special emblem, the arrow.

The King’s flesh is painted a tawny brown, the finely drawn and slightly parted lips deep crimson. The sweeping beard, which must have given to the face a particularly strong if not fierce expression, is black. The equipment is very rich and painted in a series of vivid colours, scarlet, orange, blue, mauve, green, and black. Profuse jewel or semi-naturalistic floral ornaments, the latter, no doubt, copied from textile designs, all painted in the same bright colours, cover the discs of the corslet, straps, borders, pedestals of the jewelled shoulder bosses, &c.

Of special interest is the representation of the armour. On the shoulders and skirt it consists of oblong scales overlapping upwards, as very often elsewhere in our paintings and also in relievos.60 But on the body it is represented by small interlacing black circles, on a white ground, manifestly intended for chain-armour. The coat of mail is finished on the top by a blue jewelled collar, probably of hard lacquered leather like the rest of the armour, lying back from the neck. White streamers falling on the breast from behind the ears show that the Lokapāla’s head bore a tiara, not a helmet.

Though the surviving part is only a fragment, with edges broken all round, enough remains to show that with its vigorous drawing, fine workmanship, and brilliant colouring, the whole must have been a very effective picture.