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The Todas

Chapter 250: C
By W. H. R. Rivers
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Archaeology & Anthropology

About This Book

An anthropological study that combines meticulous ethnographic description with an explicit account of method, recording the social organization, ceremonial life, and dairy-based institutions of a pastoral community. It explains the structure and ritual roles of herd-centred units (the ti), the offices of dairyman-priests and their assistants, distinctions between sacred and ordinary animals, and the spatial arrangements and rites associated with dairies. The author details sources and informants, assesses degrees of evidential reliability, and keeps descriptive material separate from theoretical interpretation presented in later chapters.

The numbers in Clarendon type refer to the most important places where the subject is considered.

[Contents]

A

Abduction of women, 525, 535, 554

Adoption, 549

Adultery, 525, 529

Æsthetic appreciation, 26, 570, 715

Afterbirth, 190, 323

Age, telling, 416, 469, 480

Alcohol, 476, 581

Ancestor-worship, 446

Ancestors, offerings to, 293, 297, 309
taboo on names of, 462

Anniversary ceremony for the dead, 373

Archæology of Nilgiris, 711, 717

Arrians, 402, 717

Arrow, 280, 333, 586.
See also Bow

Ashes, put on face, 269, 324, 326, 579

Astronomy, 592, 634

Atonement, 274, 298, 300, 306, 310, 449

Aunt, paternal, 332, 488, 500

[Contents]

B

Badagas, 6, 15, 29, 90, 98, 102, 108, 133, 137, 160, 181, 237, 261, 323, 336, 342, 377, 541, 550, 559, 589, 594, 598, 604, 616, 624, 680, 694, 705, 723

Barley, 60, 321, 332, 380, 435, 600

Basil, holy, 435

Bastardy, 531, 546, 665

Bathing, ceremonial, 103, 303, 307, 317, 354, 390

Bear, 267

Bees, 118, 191, 196, 198, 266

Begging, 7, 202

Bells, 40, 66 et seq., 197, 208, 235, 352, 376, 383, 389, 419, 424, 447, 712, 725

Betting, 386, 597

Birch, Mr., 472

Blood, 201, 282, 375, 390

Boar, wild, 138

Bones, used in sorcery, 259
as relics of dead, 365, 697

Borrowing, of customs, 319, 377, 410, 424, 435, 451, 555, 579, 594, 633, 686, 702
of words, 484, 602

Bow and arrow, 199, 319 et seq., 366, 376, 381, 392–5, 397, 516 et seq., 533, 539, 547, 586, 639, 697, 705, 715

Brahman, 75

Brahmanism, 4, 718

Breeding of buffaloes, 48

Breeks, Mr. J. W., 14, 16, 103, 184, 199, 203, 207, 211, 287, 313, 365, 377, 385, 423, 428, 444, 473, 559, 572, 579, 596, 604, 609, 610, 612, 613, 630, 635, 636, 639, 640, 712

Bribery, 508, 525

Bride-price, 502, 522

Bronze, 118, 207, 712

Broom, 32, 72, 135, 246, 381, 585, 697

Buddha, 591

Buffaloes, 47 et seq., 428
creation of, 184, 186, 188, 192
giving salt to, 175
killed at funerals, 349, 375, 390
migrations of, 123, 204, 406
offerings of, 292
ownership and inheritance of, 70, 560
pedigrees of, 470 [750]

Building, 584

Burial, of children, 324, 391, 479
of afterbirth, 323
of ashes at funeral, 382
vestiges of, 402

Burnell, Mr. A. C., 476

Burton, Sir R., 439

Butter, 50
clarification of, 242

Buttermilk, 50, 64, 107, 166, 209, 242
put on bell, 247

[Contents]

C

Cairns, 219, 444, 451, 619, 712

Caldwell, Bishop, 603

Calendar, 590, 634

Canarese, 494, 602

Caste, 34, 679

Cat, 284, 431, 433

Cat’s cradle, 600

Caul, 324

Caves, 184, 190, 191, 224

Celibacy, 80, 99, 236

Census, 469, 473

Cephalic index, 18, 708

Charms (amulets), 269, 333, 428

Chieftainship, 551, 556

Childbirth, 313, 323

Children, 18, 576
funerals of, 391

Chillies, 103, 266

Christianity, 458

Churning, 52 et seq.

Churning-stick, 60, 89, 108, 111, 126, 134, 135, 185, 190

Cicatrices. See Skin-marks

Clans, 16, 34, 186, 505, 631, 643
gods of, 449

Cloth, giving at marriage, 502, 537 699, 705, 717

Cloth-giving ceremony at funeral, 358 et seq., 396, 537, 701, 717

Clothing, 30, 571
ancient, 196, 237, 330, 366
of dairymen, 62 et seq.
of dead, 342

Clubs, 381, 383, 586, 715

Coagulation of milk. See Curd

Cochin, 699, 711

Coconuts, 361

Colour-blindness, 532

Communion with the divine, 232

Conception, miraculous, 191, 196

Cooking, 581, 728

Coorg, 114, 697, 705

Corroboration of evidence, 10

Council, 550
of gods, 182, 444

Counting, method of, 590

Cream, 168,

Creation, of buffaloes, 49, 184, 186, 188, 190
of man, 184, 459, 640, 711

Cremation, 337, 343, 361, 403

Crime, 553

Crooke, Mr. W., 586, 696, 698

Cross, 199

Crow, 139, 269

Curd, 49, 64, 171, 242

Cursing, 138, 140, 194, 196

[Contents]

D

Dairy, 38 et seq., 231, 422
as funeral-hut, 339
imitation, 315, 324, 330
offences against, 295, 399
orientation of, 46, 116, 436
purification of, 128, 136, 160, 163, 169, 179, 305

Dairy-vessels, 58, 89, 133
buried, 167, 242, 422
burnt at funeral, 379
imitation, 315, 324
purification of, 109, 136, 163, 168

Dairymen, 38 et seq.
gods as, 185, 194, 448
sanctity of, 448, 680

Dancing, 378, 384, 601
devil-, 249

Days, lucky, 410
sacred, 405

Death, origin of, 185, 400

Deathbed, 341

Debt, 566

Deception, 257

Defilement, 181, 234, 315, 426

Deification of mortals, 193, 203, 446

Demon, 269

Descent, female, 546, 709
laws of, 546

Disease, 215

Divination, 249, 309, 384, 392, 450, 635, 703, 725

Division of labour, 249, 271

Divorce, 508, 525, 535

Dog, 196, 267, 433

Dowry, 504, 563

Dravidians, 494

Dubois, the Abbé, 5, 701

Dung, buffalo, 32, 142, 151, 173 et seq., 196, 205, 228, 305, 406, 580, 583, 656 [751]