INDEX.
NOTE—The references are in all cases to the pages, not to the paragraphs.
- A
- Accuracy of tools, to test, 366
- ”” rules, to test, 33
- Acids, 127
- Adjusting rod, to use, 433
- Agate, 164
- Akerman on hardening, 77
- Alcohol, 132
- ”and glycerine on oilstones, 192
- Alloys, 57
- ”properties of, 108
- ”that melt at certain temperatures, 82
- Alum, 128
- Aluminium, 103, 110
- ”bronze, 104, 110
- ”solders, 113, 116
- Amalgams, 105
- American chucks, 224
- Ammonium, chloride of, 128
- Angle of cutting edges, 235
- Angles of escapement, to measure, 465
- ”measurement of, 26
- ”to construct equal, 44
- ”to subdivide, 44
- Annealing brass, 96
- ”steel, 72
- Anvil, to harden face of, 88
- Appliances for watchmakers, 189
- Aqua Regia, 127
- Arbor, barrel, to make, 409, 420
- ”””repair, 428
- ”””true, 429
- ”chuck for wheel-cutting, 224, 337
- ”to straighten, 505
- ”nut, to drill, 425
- ””diameter of, 425
- ”set-hands, to adjust, 451
- ”””tighten, 294
- Area, measurement of, 25
- Arithmetic, importance of, 17
- Arithmetical ratio, 22
- Automatic blow-pipe, 201
- Ayr stone, 135
- Axis of crystallization, 166
- B
- Back rests, 253
- Balance, pivots, form of, 400
- ”poise of, 401
- ”protector, 265
- ”spring stud index, 280
- ”to make plain, 436
- ”vibrations of, 460
- Balances, proportions of, 401
- Balance spring, action of, 473
- ”” collet tool, 286, 474
- ”” gauge, 475
- ”” to center, 377
- ”””clean, 384
- ”””draw, 47
- ”””flatten, 477
- ”””select, 478
- ”””weaken, 477
- Balance-springs, palladium, 107
- ””platinum, 107
- Balas ruby, 162
- Bands, 219
- Barrel-arbor, to make, 409, 420
- ”””repair, 428
- ”””true, 429
- ”cover, to make, 410
- ”going, to put together, 385
- ”hole to bush, 412
- ”hook, to fix, 411
- ”clock, to make, 420
- ”to examine, 379
- ”” make, 409
- ”” oil, 388
- ”” repair, 379, 412
- ”” true, 379, 413
- ”” upright, 413
- Bars, to make, 409
- Baths for hardening, 78
- Beaupuy burnishers and files, 195
- Beat block, 266
- Beginners, aids for, 381
- Bell-metal, 98
- Belts for lathes, 219
- Bench, 189, 221
- Bent pivot, to redress, 454
- Benzine, 133, 384
- Berlioz rounding-up cones, 362
- Berzelius pastile, 498
- Black polish on steel, 154
- Bleaching silver dials, 487
- Blow-pipes, 199
- Blow-pipe, gas, 201
- ”automatic, 201
- Blue polishing stone, 135
- Blueing steel, 86
- Board, arrangements of, 177, 189
- “Body” of steel, 70
- Borax as flux for soldering, 128
- Bouchons, movable, 456
- ”to make, 298, 456
- ””rivet, 456
- Brass, 90, 110
- ”cast, 86, 110
- ”dials, to silver, 491
- ”etc., drill blade for, 241
- ”influence of impurities on, 91
- ”plates, to harden, 92
- ”rods, to harden, 95
- ”to anneal, 96
- ”” bronze, 121
- ”” polish, 149
- ”” select, 91
- ”” smooth, 139
- ”wheel teeth, observations on cutting, 346
- ”wheels, to polish, 149, 135
- Brazing, 119
- Breguet spring, to set, 476
- Broaches, 199
- Broaching, 499
- ” a hole round, 499
- Brocot method of hardening brass rods, 95
- Broken screw extractor, 262
- ” ” to remove with alum, 128
- Bronze, 98, 110
- ” aluminium, 103, 110
- ” to render malleable, 98
- Bronzing, 120
- Brush, to clean with, 383
- Brushes, preparation of, 382
- Buff leather, 133
- Burnishers, 198
- ” Beaupuy, 195
- ” to re-face, 198
- Burnishing brass wheels, 135, 149
- Burnt iron, 58
- Bushing barrel holes, 412
- ” pivot-holes, 456
- C
- Caliper, figure-of-8, 197
- ” for heights, etc., 197
- ” micrometer, 270
- ” pallet, 466
- ” rest, jeweling, 249
- ” vernier, 278
- Camphorated oil, 131
- Cannon pinion, to tighten, 449
- Carbon in cast iron and steel, 60
- Carnelian, 164
- Case hardening, 88
- Case, to examine, 389
- Cast brass, 90
- ” iron, 60
- ” steel, 61
- Castings, malleable, 61
- Catgut bands, to join, 219
- Cement, application of, 156
- ” steel, 62
- Center of circle, to find, 44
- Centers, to test truth of, 366
- ” various, 266
- Center wheel, 379
- ” ” to oil, 388
- Centering attachments, 253
- ” from circumference, 307
- ” in wax, 157, 314
- ” methods of, 305
- ” rods, 285, 385
- Chain, fusee, to ease, 434
- Chain hook, to rivet, 434
- Chalk for cleaning, 382
- Chamfering tools, 281, 283
- Charcoal for polishing, 133
- ” used for smoothing, 133
- Chinese bronzing, 121
- Chloride of ammonium, 128
- ” of zinc as flux for soldering, 118
- Chrysolite, 163
- Chucks, 224
- Circle, divisions of, 24
- ” sub-division of, 52
- ” to find center of, 44
- Circular oil stones, 191
- Circumference, ratio to diameter, 25
- ” to center from, 307
- Cleaning brushes, 383
- ” files, 193
- ” gold or gilt objects, 125
- ” metal dials, 491
- ” nickel movements, 101
- ” rough steel, 75
- ” watches, 382
- Clock barrel, to make, 420
- ” dials, to clean, 491
- ” hands, to blue, 86
- ” pinions, to polish, 443
- ” to time rapidly, 394
- Closing barrel holes, etc., 295
- Cocks, to make, 409
- Colcothar of vitriol, 135
- Cold gilding without mercury, 122
- ” hammering, 74, 92
- Collet, balance spring, tool, 286
- Coloring gold dials, 493
- Compass, proportional, 37
- Compasses, 196
- Conductivity, 110, 112
- Copper, 89
- ” alloys with gold, 102
- ” to bronze, 120
- Cord of lathe, 219
- Countershaft, 220
- Counting vibrations, 394
- Cover of barrel, groove for, 410
- ””” to make, 410
- Crocus, 135
- Crossing out a wheel, 435
- Crossings of wheel, to mark, 298
- ” to renew broken, 440
- Crystallization, axis of, 166
- Cube root, 20
- Curb, to adjust, 415
- Cutters, to adjust form of, 353
- ” for jewels, 165
- ” ” making grooves, etc., 312
- ” ” slide rest, 286
- ” ” steel wheels, 347
- ” ” teeth, various kinds, 339
- ” rose and star, 349
- ” rounding up, to make, 331
- ” tool for making wheels, 353
- ” to sharpen slide rest, 287
- ” wheel, to make, 339
- Cutting a file, 194
- ” edge, angles of, 235
- ” faces of gravers, forms of, 239
- ” glass, 498
- ” wheels, observations on, 310, 348
- Cylinder escape wheel, to test, 290
- ” to oil, 388
- ” ” pivot a, 454
- ” ” polish mechanically, 468
- D
- Dead smoothing, 143
- ” surface of gold, to restore, 126
- Decantation, 136
- Definitions, geometrical, 23
- Degrees of circle defined, 24
- Demagnetizing watches, 403
- Density, 108
- Depth caliper, 197
- Depths, application of laws of, 458, 460
- ” in stem-wind work, 462
- ” theoretical and practical, 458, 460
- ” to ease, 365
- ” ” secure good, 457
- ” visible and invisible, to test, 377
- Depthing tool, to test accuracy of, 368
- Design, to transfer, 30
- Dial, enamel, to cut hole in, 484
- ””” drill, 480
- ””” reduce diameter of, 486
- ””” remove figure from, 486
- ” plate, to cut, 479
- ” to file hole in, 481
- ” ” remove enamel from back of, 482
- Dials, enamel for, 160
- ” fixed by feet, 483
- ””” screws, 482
- ” gold, to restore, 493
- ” metal, to clean, 491
- ” silver, to restore, 487
- ” to paint hours on, 495
- ” ” repair, 161
- Diamond, 161
- ” drill, to use, 169
- ” ” and gravers, 162, 173
- ” for polishing, 162
- ” powder, drilling with, 168
- ” ” to prepare, 135
- Diamantine for polishing, 134, 154
- Diameter, ratio to circumference, 25
- Dies for screw-making, 315
- ” ” wheel-making, 438
- Dividing plate, 298
- ” scales, etc., 48
- ” table, micrometrical, 48
- Dome, freedom of, 389
- Douzieme gauge, 196
- Draw-plate, 298
- Drawing, geometrical, 28, 40
- ” instruments, 32
- ” scales, 33
- ” to reduce a, 40
- Drawn steel, advantages of, 71
- Drifting, 296, 415, 502
- Drifts, to make, 296, 422
- Drill, diamond, 162, 173
- ” rest, 267
- Drilling a barrel-arbor, 423
- ” enamel dial, 480
- ” glass, 498
- ” in the lathe, 308
- ” lubricants for, 480
- ” precautions in, 242, 244
- ” tool, to test accuracy of, 366
- ” with diamond powder, 168
- Drills for oil-cups, 281
- ” to make, 244
- ” ” mount diamond, 173
- ” various, 241
- Duplex ruby-roller, to make, 173
- E
- Elasticity of steel, 70, 84
- Electro-gilding, 124
- Elements of practical geometry, 23
- Elevation defined, 28
- Ellipse, to draw, 46
- Emery, 134
- ” paper, to make, 134
- ” wheels and sticks, 134
- Enamel, 159
- ” false, 161
- ” to apply cold, 160
- ” ” remove from back of dial, 482
- ” dial, to cut hole in, 484
- ” ” ” drill, 480
- ” ” ” erase figure from, 486
- ” ” ” reduce diameter of, 486
- ” dials fixed by feet, 483
- ” ” ” by screws, 482
- Endshake, 375
- Endstone, to fix, 159
- ” ” make, 171
- Engine, wheel-cutting, 330
- English movement, to examine, 389
- Engraved design, to transfer, 30
- Epicycloidal depths, 459
- Equaling file, to cut, 194
- Erasing figure from enamel dial, 486
- Escapements, action of, 376
- ” gauges for, 465
- ” play of pivots in, 452
- ” to examine, 391
- ” ” measure angles of, 465
- ” ” oil, 387
- Escapewheel, clip for holding, 289
- ” to test, 290
- ” cock passage, to turn, 312
- Essences for cleaning, 133, 384
- Examining watches, 371, 389
- Expansion, 109
- Extracting broken screws, 128, 262, 317
- ” square root of numbers, 21
- Eyesight, to preserve, 175
- F
- Face-plate, 257
- ” universal, 257
- False ruby, 163
- Figure-of-8 calliper, 197
- File, to cut equaling, 194
- ” ” round-up teeth with, 363
- ” use of, 178, 193
- Files, Beaupuy, 195
- ” to clean, 193
- ” ” renew, 193
- ” ” set in handles, 193
- Filing block, 269
- ” fixture, 268
- ” flat, 179
- ” rest, 269
- ” square by hand, 179, 182, 500
- Finger-piece, to make, 418
- Flat filing, 179
- ” ” device for, 182
- ” polishing, tool for, 302
- Fletcher furnaces, 201
- Fluxes for soldering, 117
- Foot-wheel, 218
- Fourth wheel, uprighting of, 379
- Fraise, Ingold, 362
- Freedom of various parts, 378, 375, 391
- Frosted surface on steel, to produce, 144
- Frosting silver dial, 487
- Furnace temperatures, table of, 78
- Furnaces, wind and muffle, 201
- Fusee, advantages of, 432
- ” to adjust, 433
- ” ” snail, 145
- ” watch, to examine, 389
- Fusion, points of, 110, 112
- G
- Gauges, 196
- ” for balance-springs, 475
- ” ” escapements, 465
- ” movement, table of, 462
- ” registering, 274
- ” staff, 275
- Geneva movement, to examine, 374
- Geometrical drawing, 28
- ” proportion, 22
- ” ratio, 20
- Geometry, elements of practical, 23
- ” importance of, 17
- German silver, 100, 110
- Gilding, 122
- ” bath, to prepare, 124
- Gilt objects, to clean, 125
- Glass, to cement, 157
- ” ” cut, 498
- ” ” drill, 498
- ” use of, 175
- Glue, application of, 156
- Glycerine and alcohol on oilstones, 191
- Gold, 101, 110
- ” to clean, 126
- ” ” deaden surface, 126
- ” ” prepare in powder, 128
- ” copper alloys, 102
- ” ” dials, to restore, 493
- ” solders, 114, 116
- ” springs, 102, 478
- Graduations of scales, etc., 49
- Grain of steel, 68
- Graining prior to gilding, 125
- ” steel, 144
- Grammaire, 298
- Gravers, diamond, 162
- ” to mount diamond, 162
- ” use of, 178
- ” various, 238
- Grinder, traverse spindle, 258
- Grindstone, 192
- Groove, circular, to cut, 311
- ” for barrel-cover, to make, 410
- ” straight, to make, 312
- ” to turn, 312
- H
- Hairspring, see Balance spring.
- ” stud index, 280
- Hairspringing collet tool, 286
- Hammer hardening, 68, 74, 92
- Hand fitting pliers, 288
- ” holder, 287
- ” to enlarge hole in, 287
- ” ” set in position, 497
- ” turning tools, 238
- Hands, freedom of, 373
- ” to blue, 86
- ” ” to redden, 497
- ” ” tighten, 287
- Handles, to set tools in, 198
- Hard steel, to drill, 243
- ” ” ” turn, 185
- Hardening brass, 92
- ” gold spring, 478
- ” solutions, 77
- ” steel, methods of, 77
- ” ” precautions in, 79
- ” ” temperature for, 68, 81
- Hardness of jewels, to test, 166
- ” ” steel, 82
- ” scale of, 111
- Health, preservation of, 175
- Heat, mode of applying, to temper, 84
- ” of furnaces, table of, 78
- Homogeneity of steel, 68
- Hone slates, 134
- Holder, escape wheel, 289
- ” for watch-hand, 287
- Holes, methods of tapping, 323
- Hook, chain, to rivet, 484
- ” to fix in barrel, 411
- Hooks for catgut bands, 219
- Hooked gravers, 288
- Hours, to paint on dials, 495
- ” wheel, freedom of, 374
- Hydrochloric acid, 127
- ” ” flux for soldering, 118
- Hydrofluoric acid, 127
- Hydrogen in palladium, 107
- I
- Idlers, 222
- Impurities in brass, their influence, 90
- ” ” steel ” ”, 88
- Index, to ease, 478
- Ingold fraise, 362
- Inks for painting dials, 496
- Instruments, drawing, 82
- Involute depths, 458
- Iridium, alloy with platinum, 107
- Iron, cast, 60, 110
- ” for soldering, 118
- ” its properties and uses, 57
- ” oxides of, for polishing, 185
- ” to case harden, 88
- ” ” distinguish from steel, 57
- ” ” restore, 59
- ” wrought, 57, 110
- J
- Jewel in pallet, to advance, 463
- ” resetting tool, 299
- ” setting, cutters for, 137
- ” to find axis of, 166
- ” holes, thickness of, 400
- ” ” to make, 168
- ” ” ” set, 171, 298
- ” ” ” smooth and polish, 169
- Jeweling caliper rest, 249
- Jewelry, alloys used for, 102
- ” to clean after soldering, 126
- Jewels, 161
- ” to select, 166
- ” working in, 165
- K
- Keyless pinion, to drift, 503
- ” winding depths, 392, 462
- ” ” wheel, to make, 441
- ” work, need of oil, 383
- ” ” to examine, 392
- L
- Lamps, 190
- Laps for jewelers, 165
- Lathe, 210
- ” attachments, 247
- ” belts, 219
- ” care of, 213
- ” simple form of, 211
- ” for jewel making, 165
- ” large size, 216
- ” to center rods in, 285, 305
- ” band, 219
- Lead, 99, 110
- ” use of, in brass, 90
- Leaves of pinions, to polish, 445
- Leclerre’s vibration counter, 395
- Left-handed screws, to make, 320
- Lever escapement, to examine, 391
- Lift, to measure, 465
- Lines, to connect up, 45
- ” ” draw parallel, 43
- ” ” subdivide, 43
- Liquation, 92
- Local time, 54
- Locking stones, to make, 172
- Longitude, value in time, 55
- Lubrication of whetstones, 191
- M
- Magnetism, to remove, 403
- Mainspring, setting up, 385
- ” to blue, 86
- ” ” make eye, 431
- ” ” reduce height of, 432
- ” ” select, 432
- Malleability, etc., of steel, 70
- Malleable bronze, 98
- ” castings, 61
- ” nickel, 100
- Materials used in horology, 57
- Measurement, exact, 38
- ” of angles, 26
- ” ” triangles, squares, etc., 26
- ” ” various solid bodies 28
- Melting points, 110, 112
- Mercury, 105, 110
- ” to purify, 106
- Metals, 57
- ” to cement, 156
- Methylated spirit, 132
- Micrometers, 196, 270
- Micrometer screw, 39, 48
- Micrometrical dividing table, 48
- Mill cutters for steel teeth, 347
- Milling fixture, 258
- Minute wheel, freedom of, 374
- ” ” to cut, 310
- Mixed oils, 131
- Mortar for making diamond powder 138
- Motion work, to examine, 374
- Motive force, effect of variations in, 402
- Movement, to examine English and American, 389
- Movement, to examine Geneva, 374
- Muffle furnace, 201
- N
- Natural steel, 62, 65
- Nickel, 99, 110
- ” movements, 100
- ” to surface, 147
- ” ” render malleable, 100
- ” silver, 100, 110
- Nitric acid, 127
- O
- Oil, 128
- ” application of, 387
- ” necessary in keyless work, 393
- ” retention of, at center pivots, 378, 386
- ” ” ” on acting surfaces, 132
- ” tests of quality of, 129
- ” to secure permanency in, 130
- Oil-cup chamferers, 281
- Oil-cups, observations on, 282
- ” to polish, 153
- Oilsinks, 131
- Oilstone, 135, 190
- Oilstones, circular, 191
- Oilstone dust, to prepare, 137
- Oriental chrysolite, 163
- ” ruby, 162
- ” sapphire, 163
- Oxides of iron for polishing, 135
- P
- Paillard’s balance-springs, 108
- Painting dials, 495
- Palladium, 107
- ” balance-springs, 108
- Pallets, 463
- Pallet-opening calliper, 466
- ” stone, to alter, 464
- ” ” ” cement, 159
- ” ” ” make, 172
- ” ” ” move, 463
- Pallets, verge, to open or close, 467
- ” ” ” measure, 466
- Paper used in cleaning watches, 385
- Parallel lines, to draw, 42
- Parallelogram, 27
- Pendulum, counting vibrations of, 394
- ” spring, see Balance-spring.
- ” vibrations of, 460
- Permanency in oil, to secure, 130
- Perpendicular, to erect, 41
- Petroleum, use for cleaning, 384
- Pewter, composition of, 99
- Physical properties of alloys, 108
- Pickling dials, 488
- Pinion, cannon, to tighten, 449
- ” hollow, to replace pivot of, 453
- ” leaves, to polish, 445
- ” riveting tool, 294
- ” to drift keyless, 297
- ” ” increase or decrease, 444
- Pinions, etc., cutters for, 349
- ” high and low numbered, 460
- ” sizes of, 443
- ” to make, 442
- Pivot-holes, cleaning, 382
- Pivot polisher, 250
- ” to bush, 456
- Pivots, balance, length of, 377
- ” ” form of, 400
- ” center, 378
- ” play of, 378, 452
- ” replacing broken, 453
- ” to polish mechanically, 454
- ” ” redress bent, 454
- ” ” turn, 183
- Pivoting a cylinder, 454
- Plate, watch, to make, 407
- Plates, brass, to harden, 92
- ” for screw-making, 315
- ” to straighten, 504
- Plating, gold, 124
- ” silver dials, 491
- Platinum, 106
- ” balance-springs, 108
- ” to solder, 131
- Pliers, 196
- ” hand-fitting, 288
- Poise of balance, 401
- Polish, black, on steel, 154
- Polisher, form of, 155
- Polishing brass, 149
- ” circular grooves, 428
- ” cylinder lips, tool for, 468
- ” escape-wheel teeth, 153
- ” flat objects, 302
- ” jewel-holes, 168
- ” machine for pinions, 445
- ” materials, 133
- ” pivots in lathe, 454
- ” powders, to prepare, 136
- ” ratchet teeth, 427
- ” sinks and oil-cups, 153
- ” steel, 153
- ” stones, Cadot’s, 136
- Positions, timing in, 399
- Post, to adjust, 415
- Powers of numbers, 20
- Precious stones, 161
- ” ” working in, 164
- Preservation of health, 175
- Prime numbers, 18
- Proportion of numbers, 22
- ” ” balances, 401
- Proportional compass, 37
- Protractor, 33
- Puddled steel, 62
- Pulleys, 222
- Pumice-stone, 135
- Punch, centering, 285
- ” riveting, 198
- Putty powder, 135
- R
- Radius defined, 24
- Railway time, 55
- Ratchet, to renew barrel-arbor, 425
- ” ” smooth, 140
- ” ” snail, 141
- ” teeth, to cut in lathe, 310
- ” to polish, 427
- Ratio, 25
- Receipts for watchmakers, 407
- Red-stuff, 135
- Re-facing burnishers, 198
- Registering gauge, 273
- Regulating a clock, 398
- ” ” watch, 396
- Renewing files, 193
- Repairing watches, 371
- Resetting jewels, 300
- Resin as flux for soldering, 117
- Resist for use in gilding, 125
- Retention of oil on acting surfaces, 132
- Riveting stake and punch, 198
- Rods, brass, to harden, 95
- ” to straighten, 504
- Roller remover, 264
- ” to make duplex, 173
- Roots of numbers, 20
- Rose cutters, 349, 357
- Rottenstone, 135
- Rouge, 135
- Rough steel, to clean, 75
- Roughing files, 193
- Round hole, to broach, 499
- Rounding-up attachment, 259
- ” ” cones, 362
- ” ” cutters, to make, 331
- ” ” teeth by hand, 363
- ” ” tools, 330, 359
- Rubitine, 134
- Ruby, 162
- ” false, 163
- ” roller, to make duplex, 173
- Rust, to remove and to prevent, 58
- S
- Sal-amoniac as flux for soldering, 128
- Salts, 128
- Sapphire, 163
- Sapphirine, 134
- Scale, to remove, from steel, 75
- Scales used in drawing, 33
- Scratch-brushing, 125
- Screw dies, 315
- ” head sinking tools, 260
- ” ” to smooth, polish and slit, 143, 301
- ” micrometer, 39
- ” plates, to make, 316
- ” ” and taps, 315
- ” rapid mode of making, 326
- Screws, double and treble threaded, 381
- ” left-handed, 320
- ” to blue, 86
- ” ” make internal and external, 315
- ” ” extract broken, 128, 262, 317
- ” tray for, 381
- Sealing-wax as cement, 155
- Seconds circle, to fix, 484
- ” ” ” make hole for, 484
- Sector, 36
- Semi-cylindrical drill, 245
- Series of holes, to drill, 309
- Set-hands arbor, to adjust, 451, 294
- ” nut, to make, 449
- ” square, to make, 422, 449, 500
- Setting jewel-holes, 171
- ” ” cutters for, 236
- Set-square, to center with, 286
- Sharpening cutters, 237
- Shear steel, 62, 66
- Shellac as cement, 155
- Shoulders, cutters for making, 236
- ” gravers for turning, 239
- ” to polish square, 155
- ” ” turn square, 183
- Sight, to preserve, 175
- Signs used in calculations, 19
- Silver, 103, 110
- ” dial, to restore, 487
- ” German or nickel, 100, 110
- ” solders, 114
- ” solution for dials, 490
- ” for plating, to apply, 492
- ” ” ” ” prepare, 491
- Sinks in watch plate, 131, 281
- ” to polish, 153
- Sinking tools, 281
- Slates, hone, 134
- Slide rest, 233
- ” cutters, 236
- ” ” to sharpen, 237
- ” turning with, 234
- Sliding tongs, 196
- Smoothing brass wheels, 149
- ” metallic surfaces, 139
- Snailing, circular, 141
- ” steel, 145
- ” tool for, 146
- Soap, application of, 383
- Solders for various metals, 113
- ” hard and soft, 113
- Soldering, 112
- ” fluid, 118
- ” fluxes used in, 117
- ” iron, 118
- ” methods of, 115
- ” to clean jewelry after, 126
- Solid content, measurement of, 28
- ” geometry, 23
- ” squares, 500
- Specific gravity, 110, 111
- ” heat, 110, 111
- Spelter solders, 114
- Spinel ruby, 162
- Spiral, to draw, 47
- Split chucks, 224
- Spotting, circular, 141
- ” machine, 141
- Spring, balance, 473
- Springs, to blue, 86
- Square hole, to drift a, 502
- ” measurement of, 26
- ” root, 21
- ” set hands, to make, 422, 449, 500
- ” shoulders, to turn, 183
- ” to file by hand, 500
- ” winding, to renew, 430
- Squares, solid and hollow, 500
- ” to make, 422, 449, 500
- Staff gauge, 275, 277
- ” to straighten, 505
- Stake, riveting, 198
- Staking tool, 293
- Star cutters, 348, 357
- ” wheel, to true, 417
- ” ” sink, to make, 410
- Steel, 61, 110
- ” characteristics of good, 63
- ” drawn, 70
- ” drill blade for, 242
- ” influence of impurities on, 88
- ” maximum elasticity of, 82
- ” precautions in hardening, 79
- ” preparation of, 72
- ” to anneal, 72
- ” ” braze, 119
- ” ” clean rough, 75
- ” ” determine qualities of, experimentally, 66
- ” ” distinguish from iron, 58
- ” ” polish, 153
- ” ” restore, 59
- ” ” snail, 145
- ” ” smooth, 143
- ” ” temper, 81
- ” ” turn hard, 185
- ” ” whiten, 84
- ” wheels, cutters for, 347
- Stem wind pinion, to drift, 503
- ” ” wheels, to make, 441
- Stepping device, 227
- Sterro, 99, 110
- Stone, pallet, to cement, 159
- Stones for polishing, Cadot’s, 136
- ” precious, 161
- ” to make pallet, 172
- Stool, 190
- Stopping barrel holes, 412
- ” pivot-holes, 456
- Stopwork, proportions of Geneva, 416
- ” to examine English, 389
- ” ” examine Geneva, 374
- Straight groove, to make, 312
- Straightening rods, etc, 504
- Stud index, hairspring, 280
- Studs, to remove, 291
- Subdivision of angles, 44
- ” ” circle, 52
- ” ” lines, 43
- Sulphuric acid, 127
- Surfaces, smoothing of metallic, 139
- Surfacing nickel movements, 147
- Synchrometer, Guilmet’s, 398
- T
- Tailstock, 247
- Tap, to increase diameter of, 323
- Tapping holes, various methods of, 323
- Taps for screw-making, 317
- ” left-handed screw, 320
- Teeth, forms of, 365
- ” of escape wheels, to test, 290
- ” ” lever escape wheel, to polish, 153
- ” ” to cut, 330
- ” precautions in cutting, 341, 346
- ” steel, to polish, 427
- ” to renew in wheel, 439
- ” ” round up, 363
- ” ”
true, 440 - Temper, as indicated by blueing, 87
- Temperatures, determined by melting alloys, 82
- ” determination of furnace, 82
- ” of furnace, approximate, 73
- ” of temper colors, 82
- Tempering steel, 82
- Tightening cannon pinions, 293, 449
- ” hands, 294
- ” set hands arbor, 294
- Time, 54
- ” standard, 55
- ” to ascertain true, 54
- Timing in positions, 399
- ” watches and clocks, 394
- Tin, 97, 110
- ” solders, 114, 115
- ” use of, in brass, 90
- Tinning surfaces, 119
- Tool, form of, for turning, 238
- ” for balance spring collet, 286, 474
- ” ” closing barrel holes, etc., 293
- ” ” drifting, 296
- ” ” flat polishing, 301
- ” ” measuring verge pallets, 466
- ” ” polishing cylinder lips, 468
- ” ” ” pinion leaves, 445
- ” ” ” pivots, 454
- ” ” resetting jewels, 299
- ” ” riveting pinions, 293
- ” ” snailing, 146
- ” ” spotting, 141
- ” ” tightening cannon pinions, 293
- ” ” ” hands, 293
- ” ” ” set hands arbor, 293
- Tools, ordinary small, 260
- ” need of good assortment, 187
- ” screw head, 329
- ” for hand-turning, 238
- ” ” making jewels, 165
- ” ” rounding up teeth, 359
- ” ” sinking screw heads, 260
- ” ” watchmakers, 189
- ” to set in handles, 193
- ” ” sharpen turning, 237
- ” ” test accuracy of, 366
- ” ” ” escape wheels, 290
- Tool set, 237
- Tongs, sliding, 196
- Topaz, 164
- Tourmaline plates, 167
- Tracing, 30
- ” from dial, 495
- Train, play of pivots of, 378
- Trains of watches, usual, 394
- Transferring, 30
- Traverse spindle grinder, 258
- Triangles, 26
- Tripoli, 135
- Trueing a barrel, 412
- ” ” ” arbor, 429
- ” ” star-wheel, 417
- ” ” wheel, 440
- Truth of tools, to test, 366
- Turning sphere, tool for, 241
- ” by hand, 238
- ” tools, forms of, 238
- ” ” to grind, 237
- ” velocity in, 235
- ” with either hand, 186
- ” ” slide-rest, 233
- Turpentine, use of, in drilling, 480
- ” Venice, as flux for soldering, 117
- Tweezers, 196
- ” for removing studs, 292
- U
- Universal face-plate, 256
- ” head, 256,303
- Unlocking pallets, to make, 172
- Uprighting a barrel, 413
- ” of center wheel, 378
- ” tool, to test accuracy of, 367
- V
- Velocity in turning, 235
- Verge pallets, to measure, 466
- ” ” ” open or close, 467
- ” to straighten, 505
- Vernier, 37
- ” caliper, 278
- ” gauge, 278
- Vibrations of balance or pendulum, 460
- ” to count, 394
- W
- Watch-glass, to reduce, 499
- ” hand holder, 287
- ” ” to blue, 86
- ” ” ” tighten, 293
- ” plate, to make, 407
- ” to de-magnetize, 403
- ” ” time rapidly, 394
- Watches, to clean, 382
- ” ” put together, 385
- ” ” repair and examine, 371, 389
- ” usual trains of, 394
- Watchmakers’ bench, 221
- ” receipts, 407
- Water, annealing steel in, 73
- ” of Ayr stone, 135
- Watered surfaces on nickel, 147
- ” surfaces, to produce, 139
- Wavy surfaces, to produce, 139
- Wax chucks, 157, 230
- ” to set objects in, 157
- Weight of balance, 401
- Wheel, cutters, 258
- ” ” or punch, 438
- ” ” tool for making, 354
- ” ” to make, 340
- ” cutting engine, 330
- ” ” ” to divide a rule on, 50
- ” ” ” to polish in, 427
- ” foot, 218
- ” mode of holding in cutting, 337
- ” teeth, to cut in lathe, 336
- ” tooth, to renew, 439
- ” to divide, 333
- ” ” make steel, 441
- ” ” mark crossings of, 298
- ” ” rough out, 435
- ” ” straighten, 504
- ” ” true, 440
- Wheels, arbors for cutting, 337
- ” identical, 438
- ” observations on cutting, 346
- ” steel, cutters for, 347
- ” to ease depths of, 365
- ” ” polish brass, 149
- ” ” repair, 439
- Whetstones, 190
- White smoothing, 143
- Whiting, 136
- Wind furnace, 201
- Winding square, to make, 422
- ” ” ” renew, 430
- Wire-drawing plate, 298
- ” gauges, 272
- Work-bench, arrangement of, 189
- Y
- Yellow copper or brass, 90
- Z
- Zinc, 89