The Wild Tribes of Davao District, Mindanao / The R. F. Cummings Philippine Expedition

An early ethnographic study of several indigenous societies in Davao District, Mindanao, presents systematic descriptions of social organization, belief systems, rituals, and material culture. It treats everyday life and technologies—house forms, farming implements, basketry, weaving, metalwork, weapons, and musical instruments—alongside detailed accounts of religious beliefs, shamans and spirit-guardians, rites surrounding planting, harvesting, war, and human offerings. The work compares customs across Bagobo, Bila-an, Kulaman, Tagakaolo, Ata, and Mandaya communities, and supplements narrative with maps and numerous illustrations of tools, dress, and ceremonial objects to document local variation and practices.