The Works of William Shakespeare [Cambridge Edition] [Vol. 7 of 9]

NOTES.

Note I.

I. 1. There is no division into Acts and Scenes in the Quartos, nor any trace of division in the Folios, except the 'Actus Primus, Scæna Prima' at the beginning of the play.

We wish to remind our readers that the symbol Qq signifies the agreement of the second, third, fourth, and fifth Quartos.

Note II.

I. 2. 116. The first Quarto here has 'thrall,' the others 'debt,' which though it makes a rhyme does not improve the sense. The next two lines are not in the first Quarto. As, unlike the immediate context, they also rhyme, while they are not particularly forcible, we incline to think that some other hand than Shakespeare's inserted them.

Note III.

II. 1. 13. Pope was the first commentator who called attention to the ballad which is alluded to in this passage, and it is remarkable that with all his partiality for the first Quarto he did not adopt the reading 'trim,' found both there and in the ballad. Percy, in a note to the ballad printed in his Reliques, conjectured that Shakespeare had written 'trim,' not 'true,' apparently without knowing that the word was found in the first Quarto. Capell, in his note, says that he had retained 'true' in his text, owing to his not having observed the authority for the other reading.

Note IV.

II. 2. As there is no indication given in the Quartos and Folios of Romeo's entrance here, it is not impossible that in the old arrangement of the scene the wall was represented as dividing the stage, so that the audience could see Romeo on one side and Mercutio on the other. If this were the case it would tend to justify Capell's arrangement of Hen. VIII. v. 2, though in the present instance he makes no allusion to it. It is clear from the first line of Romeo's speech that he overhears what Mercutio says, and though we have not altered the usual arrangement, we cannot but feel that there is an awkwardness in thus separating the two lines of a rhyming couplet.

Note V.

II. 2. 152. Malone erroneously attributes the reading 'suit' to the Quarto of 1597. The words, 'To cease thy suit,' are found in Brooke's Tragicall Historye of Romeus and Iuliet, p. 21 of the reprint in Mr Collier's Shakespeare's Library.

Note VI.

II. 2. 184-II. 3. 5. This passage was printed substantially right in the Quarto of 1597. The Quarto of 1599 inserted after the first line of Romeo's speech the first four of the Friar's, repeating them in their proper place. In Juliet's speech, the same edition by printing one line as two, and mistaking the stage directions gave rise to a further corruption in the Quarto of 1609.

In Q₂ (1599) the passage stands:

'Good night, good night.
Parting is such sweete sorrow,
That I shall say good night, till it be morrow.

Iu. Sleep dwel vpon thine eyes, peace in thy breast.

Ro. Would I were sleepe and peace so sweet to rest
The grey eyde morne smiles on the frowning night,
Checkring the Easterne Clouds with streaks of light,
And darknesse fleckted like a drunkard reeles,
From forth daies pathway, made by Tytans wheeles.
Hence will I to my ghostly Friers close cell,
His helpe to craue, and my deare hap to tell.

Exit.

Enter Frier alone with a basket.

Fri. The grey-eyed morne smiles on the frowning night,
Checking the Easterne clowdes with streaks of light:
And fleckeld darknesse like a drunkard reeles,
From forth daies path, and Titans burning wheeles:
Now ere &c.'

In Q₃(1609) we read:

'Good night, good night.

Ro. Parting is such sweete sorrow,
That I shall say goodnight, till it be morrow.

Iu. Sleepe dwell upon thine eyes, peace in thy breast.

Rom. Would I were sleepe and peace so sweete to rest
The gray-eyde morne, &c.'

For the rest Q₃ follows Q₂ without any material variation, except that it reads 'fleckeld' for 'fleckted,' in the eighth line.

The fourth Quarto, undated, has ejected the intruding lines and distributed the dialogue right. One error alone remains, viz. that 'Good night, good night ... sorrow' is divided still into two lines. The fifth Quarto follows the fourth.

The first Folio follows the third Quarto as usual without any variation of importance.

The second Folio, followed by the third and fourth, inserts, 'Exit' after the word 'breast,' adopts the reading of the first down to the end of Romeo's speech, and makes the Friar's begin at line 5, thus:

'Fri. Now ere the Sun advance his burning eye, &c.'

Pope restored the true arrangement. In the fourth line of the Friar's speech he introduced 'pathway made by Titan's wheels' from the passage as first given in Q₂ Q₃ F₁.

Note VII.

II. 5. 15, 16. The second Quarto reads here:

'M. And his to me, but old folks, many fain as they wer dead,
Vnwieldie, slowe, heauie, and pale as lead.'

And this is followed with slight variations of spelling by the third.

The fourth and fifth omit the M., as do the Folios, which give the passage thus:

'And his to me, but old folkes,
Many faine as they were dead,
Vnwieldie, slow, heauy, and pale as lead.'

Pope omits the lines 'But old folks ... lead,' thinking probably that they are due to interpolation, a supposition which the unmeaning 'M.' in the earlier Quartos seems to confirm.

Mr Collier's MS. corrector has (Shakespeare, Ed. 2, Note ad loc.):

'As his to me: but old folks seem as dead,
Unwieldy, slow, heavy, and dull as lead.'

This is not mentioned in his Notes and Emendations.

For 'many' Johnson substitutes 'marry;'

'But old folks, marry, feign as they were dead, &c.'

Note VIII.

III. 3. 38-46. Instead of the lines which he put in the margin, Pope inserted the following, copied with some alterations from the first Quarto:

'But Romeo may not, he is banished!
O father, hadst thou no strong poison mixt,
No sharp ground knife, no present means of death,
But banishment to torture me withal?'

Note IX.

III. 3. 40-43. The Quarto of 1599 reads as follows:

'This may flyes do, when I from this must flie,
And sayest thou yet, that exile is not death?
But Romeo may not, he is banished.
Flies may do this, but I from this must flie:
They are freemen, but I am banished.'

The same order is followed in the subsequent Quartos. The reading of the first Quarto will be seen in the reprint which follows the play. The first Folio gives:

'This may Flies doe, when I from this must flie,
And saist thou yet, that exile is not death?
But Romeo may not, hee is banished.'

This reading is followed by the other Folios, Rowe, Theobald, Warburton, and Johnson. Hanmer follows Pope in his text (see Note VIII), omitting altogether the lines which Pope put in the margin.

Capell has:

'Flies may do this, but I from this must fly;
They are free men, but I am banished.'

Steevens (1773) reads:

'Flies may do this, when I from this must fly;
They are free men, but I am banished.
And say'st thou yet, that exile is not death?
But Romeo may not;—he is banished.'

In his note on the passage, in the edition of 1778, he conjectured that the line 'But Romeo ... banished' should be inserted after 'their own kisses sin;' an arrangement which was adopted by Malone and by Steevens himself in his edition of 1793. Capell suggests that the lines he retains 'were second thoughts of the poet, and their original was meant for expunction.' This may possibly be true, but we have adopted the reading given in our text because it retains, without manifest absurdity, lines which are all undoubtedly Shakespeare's. For a similar instance see Note XVIII. on Love's Labour's Lost.

In IV. I. III, of the present play we have omitted a line which occurs in all the Quartos, except the first, and all the Folios, because it could not be retained without absolute detriment to the sense.

Note X.

III. 5. 82-104. Instead of this passage Pope, printing, as he says, 'more agreeably to the first edition,' gave as follows:

'La. Cap. Content thee girl. If I could find a man, I soon would send to Mantua where he is, And give him such an unaccustom'd dram That he should soon keep Tybalt company.

Jul. Find you the means, and I'll find such a man, For while he lives, my heart shall ne'er be light 'Till I behold him—dead—is my poor heart, Thus for a kinsman vext?

La. Cap. Well, let that pass. I come to bring thee joyful tidings, girl.'

In this arbitrary change, he is followed, as usual, by Hanmer, except that the latter puts a full stop at 'vext.'

Note XI.

IV. 3. 58. Mr Dyce conjectured that 'here's drink' was the corruption of a stage direction, 'here drink.'

Note XII.

IV. 5. 36. Although 'see' was doubtless a conjectural insertion of the editor of the second Folio in order to complete the metre, like his addition of 'now' in the next line, yet, as the word occurs in the corresponding passage of the first Quarto, we have decided on the whole to retain it.

Note XIII.

IV. 5. 65-83. Instead of this speech Pope has the following:

'Fri. Oh peace for shame—
Your daughter lives in peace and happiness,
And it is vain to wish it otherwise.
Heav'n and yourself had part in this fair maid,
Now heav'n hath all—
Come stick your rosemary on this fair corpse,
And as the custom of our country is,
In all her best and sumptuous ornaments
Convey her where her ancestors lie tomb'd.'

The last three lines are verbatim from the Quarto of 1597. Hanmer follows Pope, with a different arrangement in the first lines, which he prints thus:

'Oh peace for shame—your daughter lives in peace
And happiness, and it is vain to wish
It otherwise. Heav'n and yourself had part
In this fair maid, now heaven hath her all—
Come &c.'

Note XIV.

V. 3. 13-17. Instead of these five lines Pope inserts the four following, from the first Quarto:

'Fair Juliet, that with angels dost remain,
Accept this latest favour at my hand,
That living honour'd thee, and being dead
With fun'ral obsequies adorn thy tomb.'

For lines 12-17 Steevens (1773) substituted the corresponding lines of the first Quarto, except that he follows Pope in reading 'hand' for 'hands.'

Note XV.

V. 3. 108. The quarto of 1599 here reads:

'Depart againe, come lye thou in my arme,
Heer's to thy health, where ere thou tumblest in.
O true Appothecarie!
Thy drugs are quicke. Thus with a kisse I die.
Depart againe, here, here, will I remaine,
With wormes &c.'

The third Quarto has the same reading, putting a semi-colon after 'againe' in the fifth line, and is followed by the first Folio, except that 'armes' is substituted for 'arme' in the first line. The later Folios make no material change. The reading in our text is substantially that of the fourth and fifth Quartos. Rowe follows the Folios, and Pope prints:

'Depart again: come lye thou in my arms,
Here's to thy health.—O true apothecary!
Thy drugs are quick. Here, here will I remain,
With worms &c.'

Note XVI.

Mr Lionel Booth has been kind enough to furnish us with the following variations which he has found in different copies of the first Folio:

Page 57, col. 1, line 35: oft the angry.
oft a the angry.

Page 59, col. 2, line 12 from bottom: this place.
thy place.

Page 62, col. 2, line 5: that Gentlemen.
tha Gentlemen.
qua- tha: Gentlemen (in Capell's copy).

Page 71, col. 1, line 8: Holy Father now.
Holy Father own.

Page 71, col. 2, line 36: Cookes.
Cockes.

EXCELLENT

CONCEITED TRAGEDIE

ROMEO AND IULIET.

The Prologue.

Two houshold Frends alike in dignitie,
(In faire Verona, where we lay our Scene)
From ciuill broyles broke into enmitie,
Whose ciuill warre makes ciuill hands vncleane.
From forth the fatall loynes of these two foes, 5
A paire of starre-crost Louers tooke their life:
Whose misaduentures, piteous ouerthrowes,
(Through the continuing of their Fathers strife,
And death-markt passage of their Parents rage)
Is now the two howres traffique of our Stage. 10
The which if you with patient eares attend,
What here we want wee'l studie to amend.

The most excellent Tragedie of
Romeo and Iuliet.

[Sc. I.]

Enter 2. Seruingmen of the Capolets.

Gregorie, of my word Ile carrie no coales.

2 No, for if you doo, you should be a Collier.

1 If I be in choler, Ile draw.

2 Euer while you liue, drawe your necke out of the the collar.5

1 I strike quickly being moou'd.

2 I, but you are not quickly moou'd to strike.

1 A Dog of the house of the Mountagues moues me.

2 To mooue is to stirre, and to bee valiant is to stand
to it: therefore (of my word) if thou be mooud thou't 10
runne away.

1 There's not a man of them I meete, but Ile take
the wall of.

2 That shewes thee a weakling, for the weakest goes
to the wall. 15

1 Thats true, therefore Ile thrust the men from the
wall, and thrust the maids to to the walls: nay, thou shalt
see I am a tall peece of flesh.

2 Tis well thou art not fish, for if thou wert thou
wouldst be but poore Iohn. 20

1 Ile play the tyrant, Ile first begin with the maids, &
off with their heads.

2 The heads of the maids?

1 I the heades of their Maides, or the Maidenheades,
take it in what sence thou wilt. 25

2 Nay let them take it in sence that feele it, but heere
comes two of the Mountagues.

Enter two Seruingmen of the Mountagues.

1 Nay feare not me I warrant thee.

2 I feare them no more than thee, but draw.

1 Nay let vs haue the law on our side, let them begin 30
first. Ile tell thee what Ile doo, as I goe by ile bite my
thumbe, which is disgrace enough if they suffer it.

2 Content, goe thou by and bite thy thumbe, and ile
come after and frowne.

1 Moun: Doo you bite your thumbe at vs? 35

1 I bite my thumbe.

2 Moun: I but i'st at vs?

1 I bite my thumbe, is the law on our side?

2 No.

1 I bite my thumbe. 40

1 Moun: I but i'st at vs? Enter Beneuolio.

2 Say I, here comes my Masters kinsman.

They draw, to them enters Tybalt, they fight, to them the Prince, old Mountague, and his wife, old Capulet and his wife, and other Citizens and part them.

Prince: Rebellious subiects enemies to peace,
On paine of torture, from those bloody handes
Throw your mistempered weapons to the ground. 45
Three Ciuell brawles bred of an airie word,
By the old Capulet and Mountague,
Haue thrice disturbd the quiet of our streets.
If euer you disturbe our streets againe,
Your liues shall pay the ransome of your fault: 50
For this time euery man depart in peace.
Come Capulet come you along with me,
And Mountague, come you this after noone,
To know our farther pleasure in this case,
To old free Towne our common iudgement place, 55
Once more on paine of death each man depart.
Exeunt.

M: wife. Who set this auncient quarrel first abroach?
Speake Nephew, were you by when it began?

Benuo: Here were the seruants of your aduersaries,
And yours close fighting ere I did approch. 60

Wife: Ah where is Romeo, saw you him to day?
Right glad I am he was not at this fray.

Ben: Madame, an houre before the worshipt sunne
Peept through the golden window of the East,
A troubled thought drew me from companie:
Where vnderneath the groue Sicamoure,
That Westward rooteth from the Citties side,
So early walking might I see your sonne.
I drew towards him, but he was ware of me,
And drew into the thicket of the wood: 70
I noting his affections by mine owne,
That most are busied when th' are most alone,
Pursued my honor, not pursuing his.

Moun: Black and portentious must this honor proue,
Vnlesse good counsaile doo the cause remooue. 75

Ben: Why tell me Vncle do you know the cause?

Enter Romeo.

Moun: I neyther know it nor can learne of him.

Ben: See where he is, but stand you both aside,
Ile know his grieuance, or be much denied.

Mount: I would thou wert so happie by thy stay 80
To heare true shrift. Come Madame lets away.

Benuo: Good morrow Cosen.

Romeo: Is the day so young?

Ben: But new stroke nine.

Romeo: Ay me, sad hopes seeme long. 85
Was that my Father that went hence so fast?

Ben: It was, what sorrow lengthens Romeos houres?

Rom: Not hauing that, which hauing makes them short.

Ben: In loue.

Ro: Out. 90

Ben: Of loue.

Ro: Out of her fauor where I am in loue.

Ben: Alas that loue so gentle in her view,
Should be so tyrranous and rough in proofe.

Ro: Alas that loue whose view is muffled still, 95
Should without lawes giue path-waies to our will:
Where shall we dine? Gods me, what fray was here?
Yet tell me not for I haue heard it all,
Heres much to doe with hate, but more with loue.
Why then, O brawling loue, O louing hate, 100
O anie thing, of nothing first create!
O heauie lightnes serious vanitie!
Mishapen Caos of best seeming thinges,
Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sicke health,
Still waking sleepe, that is not what it is: 105
This loue feele I, which feele no loue in this.
Doest thou not laugh?

Ben: No Cose I rather weepe.

Rom: Good hart at what?

Ben: At thy good hearts oppression. 110

Ro: Why such is loues transgression,
Griefes of mine owne lie heauie at my hart,
Which thou wouldst propagate to haue them prest
With more of thine, this griefe that thou hast showne,
Doth ad more griefe to too much of mine owne: 115
Loue is a smoke raisde with the fume of sighes
Being purgde, a fire sparkling in louers eyes:
Being vext, a sea raging with a louers teares.
What is it else? A madnes most discreet,
A choking gall, and a preseruing sweet. Farewell Cose. 120

Ben: Nay Ile goe along.
And if you hinder me you doo me wrong.

Ro: Tut I haue lost my selfe I am not here,
This is not Romeo, hee's some other where.

Ben: Tell me in sadnes whome she is you loue? 125

Ro: What shall I grone and tell thee?

Ben: Why no, but sadly tell me who.

Ro: Bid a sickman in sadnes make his will.
Ah word ill vrgde to one that is so ill.
In sadnes Cosen I doo loue a woman. 130

Ben: I aimde so right, when as you said you lou'd.

Ro: A right good mark-man, and shee's faire I loue.

Ben: A right faire marke faire Cose is soonest hit.

Ro: But in that hit you misse, shee'le not be hit
With Cupids arrow, she hath Dianaes wit, 135
And in strong proofe of chastitie well arm'd:
Gainst Cupids childish bow she liues vnharm'd,
Shee'le not abide the siedge of louing tearmes,
Nor ope her lap to Saint seducing gold,
Ah she is rich in beautie, only poore, 140
That when she dies with beautie dies her store. Exeu.

[Sc. II.]

Enter Countie Paris, old Capulet.

Of honorable reckoning are they both,
And pittie tis they liue at ods so long:
But leauing that, what say you to my sute?

Capu: What should I say more than I said before,
My daughter is a stranger in the world, 5
Shee hath not yet attainde to fourteene yeares:
Let two more sommers wither in their pride,
Before she can be thought fit for a Bride.

Paris: Younger than she are happie mothers made.

Cap: But too soone marde are these so early maried: 10
But wooe her gentle Paris, get her heart,
My word to her consent is but a part.
This night I hold an old accustom'd Feast,
Whereto I haue inuited many a guest,
Such as I loue: yet you among the store, 15
One more most welcome makes the number more.
At my poore house you shall behold this night,
Earth treadding stars, that make darke heauen light:
Such comfort as doo lusty youngmen feele,
When well apparaild Aprill on the heele 20
Of lumping winter treads, euen such delights
Amongst fresh female buds shall you this night
Inherit at my house, heare all, all see,
And like her most, whose merite most shalbe.
Such amongst view of many myne beeing one, 25
May stand in number though in reckoning none.

Enter Servingman.

Where are you sirra, goe trudge about
Through faire Verona streets, and seeke them out:
Whose names are written here and to them say,
My house and welcome at their pleasure stay. Exeunt. 30

Ser: Seeke them out whose names are written here,
and yet I knowe not who are written here: I must to
the learned to learne of them, that's as much to say, as
the Taylor must meddle with his Laste, the Shoomaker
with his needle, the Painter with his nets, and the Fisher 35
with his Pensill, I must to the learned.

Enter Benuolio and Romeo.

Ben: Tut man one fire burnes out anothers burning,
One paine is lessned with anothers anguish:
Turne backward, and be holp with backward turning.
One desperate griefe cures with anothers languish. 40
Take thou some new infection to thy eye,
And the ranke poyson of the old will die.

Romeo: Your Planton leafe is excellent for that.

Ben: For what?

Romeo: For your broken shin. 45

Ben: Why Romeo art thou mad?

Rom: Not mad, but bound more than a mad man is.
Shut vp in prison, kept without my foode,
Whipt and tormented, and Godden good fellow.

Ser: Godgigoden, I pray sir can you read? 50

Rom: I mine owne fortune in my miserie.

Ser: Perhaps you haue learned it without booke:
but I pray can you read any thing you see?

Rom: I if I know the letters and the language.

Seru: Yee say honestly, rest you merrie. 55

Rom: Stay fellow I can read.

He reads the Letter.

Seigneur Martino and his wife and daughters, Countie
Anselme and his beauteous sisters, the Ladie widdow of
Vtruuio, Seigneur Placentio, and his louelie Neeces,
Mercutio and his brother Valentine, mine vncle Capulet60
his wife and daughters, my faire Neece Rosaline and
Liuia, Seigneur Valentio and his Cosen Tibalt, Lucio
and the liuelie Hellena.

A faire assembly, whether should they come?

Ser: Vp. 65

Ro: Whether to supper?

Ser: To our house.

Ro: Whose house?

Ser: My Masters.

Ro: Indeed I should haue askt thee that before. 70

Ser: Now il'e tel you without asking. My Master is
the great rich Capulet, and if you be not of the house of
Mountagues, I pray come and crush a cup of wine. Rest
you merrie.

Ben: At this same auncient feast of Capulets, 75
Sups the faire Rosaline whom thou so loues:
With all the admired beauties of Verona,
Goe thither and with vnattainted eye,
Compare her face with some that I shall shew,
And I will make thee thinke thy swan a crow. 80

Ro: When the deuout religion of mine eye
Maintaines such falshood, then turne teares to fire,
And these who often drownde could neuer die,
Transparent Heretiques be burnt for liers.
One fairer than my loue, the all seeing sonne 85
Nere saw her match, since first the world begun.

Ben: Tut you saw her faire none els being by,
Her selfe poysd with her selfe in either eye:
But in that Cristall scales let there be waide,
Your Ladyes loue, against some other maide 90
That I will shew you shining at this feast,
And she shall scant shew well that now seemes best.

Rom: Ile goe along no such sight to be showne,
But to reioyce in splendor of mine owne.

[Sc. III.]

Enter Capulets wife and Nurce.

Wife: Nurce wher's my daughter call her forth to mee.

Nurce: Now by my maiden head at twelue yeare old I
bad her come, what Lamb, what Ladie bird, God forbid.
Wher's this girle? what Iuliet. Enter Iuliet. 5

Iuliet: How now who cals?

Nurce: Your Mother.

Iul: Madame I am here, what is your will?

W: This is the matter. Nurse giue leaue a while, we
must talke in secret. Nurce come back again I haue remembred 10
me, thou'se heare our counsaile. Thou knowest
my daughters of a prettie age.

Nurce: Faith I can tell her age vnto a houre.

Wife: Shee's not fourteene.

Nurce: I'll lay fourteene of my teeth, and yet to my 15
teene be it spoken, I haue but foure, shee's not fourteene.
How long is it now to Lammas-tide?

Wife: A fortnight and odde dayes.

Nurce: Euen or odde, of all dayes in the yeare come
Lammas Eue at night shall she be fourteene. Susan and she20
God rest all Christian soules were of an age. Well Susan is
with God, she was too good for me: But as I said on Lammas
Eue at night shall she be fourteene, that shall shee marie
I remember it well. Tis since the Earth-quake nowe eleauen
yeares, and she was weand I neuer shall forget it, of 25
all the daies of the yeare vpon that day: for I had then laid
wormewood to my dug, sitting in the sun vnder the Doue-house
wall. My Lord and you were then at Mantua, nay I
do beare a braine: But as I said, when it did tast the wormwood
on the nipple of my dug, & felt it bitter, pretty foole 30
to see it teachie and fall out with Dugge. Shake quoth the
Doue-house twas no need I trow to bid me trudge, and since
that time it is a leauen yeare: for then could Iuliet stande
high lone, nay by the Roode, shee could haue wadled vp and
downe, for euen the day before shee brake her brow, and then 35
my husband God be with his soule, hee was a merrie man:
Dost thou fall forward Iuliet? thou wilt fall backward when
thou hast more wit: wilt thou not Iuliet? and by my hollidam,
the pretty foole left crying and said I. To see how a
ieast shall come about, I warrant you if I should liue a hundred40
yeare, I neuer should forget it, wilt thou not Iuliet?
and by my troth she stinted and cried I.

Iuliet: And stint thou too, I prethee Nurce say I.

Nurce: Well goe thy waies, God marke thee for his
grace, thou wert the prettiest Babe that euer I nurst, might 45
I but liue to see thee married once, I haue my wish.

Wife: And that same marriage Nurce, is the Theame
I meant to talke of: Tell me Iuliet, howe stand you affected
to be married?

Iul: It is an honor that I dreame not off. 50

Nurce: An honor! were not I thy onely Nurce, I
would say thou hadst suckt wisedome from thy Teat.

Wife: Well girle, the Noble Countie Paris seekes
thee for his Wife.

Nurce: A man young Ladie, Ladie such a man as all 55
the world, why he is a man of waxe.

Wife: Veronaes Summer hath not such a flower.

Nurce: Nay he is a flower, in faith a very flower.

Wife: Well Iuliet, how like you of Paris loue.

Iuliet: Ile looke to like, if looking liking moue, 60
But no more deepe will I engage mine eye,
Then your consent giues strength to make it flie.

Enter Clowne.