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Through a pocket lens cover

Through a pocket lens

Chapter 2: LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
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About This Book

A practical manual demonstrating how to observe small animals with a pocket lens and a simple dissecting microscope, offering guidance on basic appliances, collecting and mounting techniques. It surveys pond and nearby terrestrial microfauna—arthropods (beetles, cockroaches, earwigs, grasshoppers, aquatic hemipterans), spiders, mites, myriapods, crustaceans (prawns, shrimps, amphipods, isopods) and aquatic insect larvae—and describes external anatomy, life stages, locomotion, respiratory structures and typical habits. Numerous diagrams and photographs illustrate dissection methods, larval and pupal forms, and the kinds of detail attainable with low-power, hand-held optics.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

FIG. PAGE
Ptychoptera paludosa. Limnobia replicata Frontispiece
1. Hand Magnifier and Stand 14
2. Zeiss’s Dissecting Microscope 16
3. Leitz’s Dissecting Microscope 17
4. Two Leitz Lenses in holder (open) 18
5. Two Leitz Lenses in holder (closed) 18
6. Home-made Dissecting Microscope 19
7. Beakers 21
8. Glass Capsule 21
9. Glass Block, with cover 22
10. Glass Box, with cover 22
11. Forceps 23
12. Three forms of Dipping-tube. Method of using it 24
13. Mounted Needles 25
14. Cape Peripatus (natural size) 30
15. Margined Water Beetle (male) 32
16. Shells of Molluscs broken up by Dytiscus 33
17. Outline of Dytiscus 38
18. Male Dytiscus in flight 39
19. To show fold of (right) wing of Dytiscus 40
20. To show fold of (right) wing of Dytiscus 40
21 and 21 A. Head of Dytiscus 42
22. Disposition of mouth parts 43
23. Leg of Cockroach 44
24. Tarsus of Dytiscus (magnified) 45
25. Female Dytiscus swimming 46
26. Upper surface of abdomen of typical Beetle 47
27. Spiracle of Dytiscus (magnified) 48
28. Tracheal tubes of Dytiscus (magnified) 48
29. Great Water Beetle 51
30. Female Hydrophilus constructing a cocoon. (After Lyonnet) 55
31. Cocktail Beetle 58
32. Cockroaches 66
33. Mouth parts of a Cockroach 69
34. Cockroach, showing Spiracles 71
35. Alimentary Canal of Cockroach 73
36. American Cockroach (male) 75
37. Larva and Pupa of Earwig 77
38. Earwig (male) 78
39. Great Green Grasshopper (female) 81
40. Tibial ear of Great Green Grasshopper 85
41. Land Bug (magnified) 86
42. Water Scorpion 87
43. Organs of Water Scorpion, Egg, and Parasitic Mite. (After Swammerdam) 90
44. Raptorial leg of Water Scorpion 92
45. Water Boatman 93
46. Water Boatman swimming 94
47. Corixa, with wings expanded 95
48. Scheme of under surface of Wolf Spider (female). Pedipalp of male (enlarged) 98
49. Garden Spider and Web 99
50. Threads of Spider’s Web 100
51. Anchorage of Web 101
52. Foot of Garden Spider 104
53. Spinnerets of Garden Spider 104
54. Jumping Spider 106
55. Falces of Male Jumping Spider 106
56. Foot of Jumping Spider. Scopula much enlarged 108
57. Diving Spiders 109
58. Cell of Diving Spider 112
59. Red Water Mite 114
60. Larva of Water Mite 117
61. Nymph of Water Mite 117
62. Beetle Mite 119
63. Lithobius forficatus. Mouth parts seen from below. (After Graber) 124
64. The Common Millepede 126
65. Segments of Millepede (magnified) 127
66. Prawn 132
67. First walking leg of Shrimp (enlarged) 134
68. Mysis, or the Opossum Shrimp 135
69. Maxillipedes and Maxilla of Shore Crab. (After Savigny) 138
70. Stomach of Crab laid open 139
71. Gammarus. (After Sars) 142
72. Maxillipedes of Gammarus marinus (magnified) 146
73. Nest-building Amphipod (from life) 148
74. Water Woodlouse 153
75. Mouth-lock. (After Burgess) 161
76. Dytiscus Larvae 162
77. Pupa of Dytiscus 164
78. Larva of Limnobia replicata 167
79. Forked spine of Limnobia (enlarged) 168
80. Pupa case of Limnobia 169
81. Fore wing of Bee, showing marginal fold (×7) 170
82. Larva of Paraponyx stratiotata (enlarged) 173
83. Diagram of segment of Paraponyx, showing arrangement of tracheal gills 175
84. Gill of Paraponyx larva. (After De Geer) 176
85. Larva of Sialis (enlarged) 179
86. Diagram of Sialis larva, showing arrangement of gills 181
87. Pupa of Sialis 181
88. Larvae of Ptychoptera paludosa (from life) 184
89. Ptychoptera Larva (enlarged). Tail. (After Lyonnet) 186
90. Pupa of Ptychoptera. (After Lyonnet) 187