- Add River, 223.
- Adventure, the, 5.
- Africa, slaves from, 3.
- Alaska, salmon fishing, 234.
- Alder trees, 36, 42, 50, 53, 56, 73, 75.
- Anderson, expedition, 198.
- Andes, the Patagonian, 52.
- Assa, Jonathan, 163.
- Atkins, Edward, 15-17.
- Attacheks, 173.
- Attijeks, 151, 154, 160.
- Aurora, the, 5.
- Barren Ground, Caribou—
- Movements, 6, 193, 204-8;
- habits, 208-10;
- antlers, 210-12;
- compared with the Norwegian reindeer, 212-13;
- numbers, 214-15, 219;
- the fly pest, 216;
- curiosity, 217.
- Barren Ground Indians. See “Nascaupees.”
- Barren Grounds River, 14, 28, 196.
- See also “George River.”
- “Barren Grounds of Northern Canada,” Warburton Pike, 197, 217.
- “Barrens,” the term, 7, 8.
- Bartlett, Captain, 4.
- Basement Complex, the, 23.
- Battle Harbour, 166.
- Bayman, Bill, story of, 184-7.
- Bayman, Mrs., 185, 186, 187.
- Bear Ravine, 50, 53-63, 125;
- the journey down, 126.
- Bear Ravine Torrent, 55.
- Bear Valley, 50, 226.
- Bears, 50, 53-4, 61.
- Black, 28, 55-58, 233, 235.
- Polar, stories of, 152-3.
- Red or Barren Ground, 101, 233.
- Belle-isle, Straits of, 5, 131, 221.
- Big-Side, 201.
- Big River, 242.
- Black-ducks, 233.
- Black-flies, 104, 125.
- Blair, Henry, 16, 241.
- Blood-bird, the, 135.
- Blow-flies, 104.
- Blubber trade, the, 161.
- Boaz, Obed, 32, 34, 35, 38, 40, 42-5;
- returns to Nain, 46-9.
- Bonavista, Cape, 5.
- Boots, as currency, 157, 186.
- Brazil, 18.
- Bridgman Mountains, 27, 114.
- Broomfield, trapper, 205-6, 209, 214.
- “Bulldogs,” Labrador, 78.
- Burial, an Eskimo, 156.
- Byron’s Bay, 234.
- Cabot, William B., of Boston, expedition, 13, 34-5, 192, 206.
- Caches, 124, 125, 225.
- Cairns, Eskimo, 62-3.
- Caligula, Emperor, a saying of, 3.
- Canoe Camp, 73-4, 76, 124.
- Canoe, the, cached at Bear Ravine, 125-6.
- Caplin, 172.
- Caribou, 28, 54, 73-4, 76, 103-6, 121.
- Annual killing of, 193.
- Barren Ground. See that Title.
- Habits, 71, 115-18.
- Interbreeding, 219-20.
- Master-Stag, the, 208.
- Newfoundland and Labrador compared, 116, 235-7.
- Number of Newfoundland, 240.
- Woodland, 204, 209, 211, 235.
- “Carries,” 90.
- Cartier, Jacques, 18.
- Cartwright, Captain, 158, 178;
- on Labrador sport, 233.
- Chicago Exhibition, 150.
- Chidley, Cape, 130, 150, 162.
- Children, Eskimo, eaten by dogs, 176.
- Chili, 18.
- Chimo, 144.
- Chimo, Fort, 166, 214.
- Cod-fishing, perils of, 56, 21-22.
- Colonial and Continental Missions, 144.
- Cook, Captain, 132.
- Corte Real, 3-4, 13.
- “Crossing of Greenland,” 88, 146-47.
- Cumberland “screes,” 49.
- Davis Bay Inlet, 197;
- caribou, 214.
- Davis Inlet, 198, 206.
- De Los Antiguos, 52.
- Deep Sea Mission, the, 133, 137, 140, 145.
- Deer, 90-91, 93-94, 99, 115, 120.
- See also “Caribou.”
- Deer-flies, 40.
- Deer-hunts, annual, 171-72.
- Doe Camp, 93-95, 99, 110.
- Dogs of Labrador, 7, 33, 158-59, 165-81.
- Dog-Sledge Expeditions, 30-33.
- Duns, 225.
- Eagles, 109.
- “Eggers,” the, 234.
- Eiderdown, 162.
- Elk-Shooting, 233, 237-38, 240.
- Elson, Mr., 11-12, 121.
- England, the Moravian committee in, 142-43.
- Erhardt, John, death, 130-31.
- Eric the Red, 1.
- Erlandson, expedition of, 27-28.
- Erlandson, Lake. See “Indian House Lake.”
- Esquimo dogs. See “Dogs of Labrador.”
- Eskimos—
- Characteristics.
- Love of feux-de-joie, 19, 23, 25;
- faithfulness, 49;
- social antagonism with the Indians, 85, 197;
- treachery of earlier, 131;
- want of perseverance, 137-8;
- effect of civilization on, 147-50;
- hunters, 152-53;
- love of gambling, 161;
- limited ideas of, 163;
- physique, 163-64.
- Customs.
- Travelling, 14, 15;
- dog-sledging expeditions, 30-33;
- trout-fishing, 38, 47-48;
- burial, 155-56;
- re-marriage, 156-57;
- sports, 158;
- shopping, 162;
- liking for “high seal,” 162-63;
- deer hunts, 171-72, 208, 213-14.
- Killinek, of, 134-35.
- Makkovik, of, 19.
- Missionaries and the, 6, 131-133, 135-37.
- Nain, of, 26, 34, 36, 128, 171, 201-2.
- Social Conditions.
- Women, 105, 161;
- sickness among, 140-141;
- distribution, 146-47;
- disappearance of, 150-51;
- want and supply, 152;
- education, 153;
- children, 157-58, 160.
- Exploits River, 17.
- Fanny’s Harbour, 23, 243.
- Fettes, 201.
- Finland, salmon fishing in, 238.
- Finland, flies of, 80, 81.
- Fires, forest, 208, 213, 215, 218.
- “First Crossing of Greenland,” 88, 146-47.
- Fish caught on the expedition, 121.
- “Fishing in the Labrador,” G. M. Gathorne-Hardy on, 221-31.
- Fishing, Norwegian, 238.
- Flies, Labrador bulldogs, 78.
- See also “Mosquitoes.”
- “Flood, Fell and Forest,” quoted, 79-82.
- Flowers, Arctic, 20.
- Fly-dope. See “Tar.”
- Ford’s Harbour, 131.
- Foxes, 104, 105, 109, 118-119.
- Black fox, value of pelt, 184-85.
- Frank’s Brook, 36.
- Fraser, Captain, 30.
- Fraser, Lake, 127.
- Fraser River—
- Caribou of the, 204, 207.
- Fishing, 38, 221-22, 223.
- Journey up the, 28, 35.
- Upper, banks of drift wood, 41;
- current, 43.
- Fraser Valley, 32, 34-35, 124;
- the cliffs, 124-25.
- Fry, Rev. Mr., 158.
- Gambling, Eskimo, 161.
- Gathorne-Hardy, A. C., 15.
- Gathorne-Hardy, G. H.:
- Object of the expedition, 12;
- incidents, 15, 19, 34, 37, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 50, 54, 55, 66, 67, 68, 70, 72, 74, 75, 76, 91, 93, 94, 96, 99-100, 103, 104, 106, 109, 114, 115, 117-19, 125-26;
- a disaster, 51-53;
- bears, 57, 58;
- feats of endurance and pluck, 60;
- rifle recovered, 127;
- caribou knowledge, 209, 210;
- fishing in the Labrador, 221-31.
- Geese, 233.
- George, Fort, 242.
- George River, the—
- Exploration, 11, 14-15, 27-28, 34, 66, 241;
- rapids of, 13;
- the Indian trail, 34-35;
- India House Lake, 99-100;
- the Camp at, 101-11;
- raised beaches, 106-7;
- return plans, 112;
- caribou on, 193, 196, 204-7, 209, 215;
- the Nascaupees, 195-97.
- George Valley, camp at, 101-11, 229.
- Gosling, “Labrador,” 197.
- Glasgow, distance to Labrador, 1-2.
- Graham, Lady Helen, xv.
- Grand Lake, 12.
- Great Fish River, 197, 198.
- Great Plateau, the, 64.
- Great Whale River, 242.
- Grenfell, Dr., 137, 140, 145, 178, 186;
- purchasing reindeer, 180-81.
- Greenland, “First Crossing of Greenland,” 146-47.
- Grey Plague, the, 79.
- Grey Terror, 81.
- Grouse, Canadian, 127.
- Gulf Stream, 2.
- Hamilton Inlet, 7, 13, 28, 173, 204, 219, 221.
- Harmony, the, 2, 16, 17-19, 22-24, 25, 26, 138, 211, 222.
- Harpooning, decay of, 151.
- Haven, Jens, 132-33.
- Hayter, 82.
- Hebron, Moravian Station, 134, 150.
- Height of Land, 3, 13, 113, 206.
- Herjulfson, Bjarni, 1, 13.
- Hernhutt, in Saxony, 129, 142.
- Hettasch, Dr., 138.
- “History of the Moravian Church,” Hutton, quoted, 133.
- Hopedale—
- Caribou near, 206, 211, 213, 219.
- Dogs, 176, 177.
- Fishing at, 221, 222.
- Moravian Station at, 10, 20, 21, 22, 134, 141, 145, 150, 153, 162, 174, 177, 187, 206, 223.
- Timber, 243.
- Hornaday, Dr. W. T., 211.
- Horns, Barren-Ground, 211-12.
- Hubbard, Leonidas, death, 11-12;
- plans, 120, 121;
- fishing, 230-31.
- Hubbard, Mrs., “A Woman’s Way through unknown Labrador,” 12, 78;
- expedition, 13, 28, 106-7, 206, 209-10, 215-16, 230.
- Hudson’s Bay, 13.
- Hudson’s Bay Company, 2, 4, 27-28, 197, 214.
- Hudson’s Bay Company’s Posts, 144, 201, 242.
- Hudson’s Bay Territory, caribou, 205.
- Hunter, Filipus, 31-32, 34, 35, 223.
- Huskimaw, Eskimo, 147.
- Husky dogs. See “Dogs of Labrador.”
- Hutton, “History of the Moravian Church,” 133.
- Hyne, Cutcliffe, “Through Arctic Lapland,” 82-83.
- Iceland history, 1;
- salmon fishing, 238.
- Indian House Lake—
- Exploration of, 11, 14, 27-28, 99-113;
- fishing in, 106;
- head quarters of the Nascaupees, 195, 196;
- slaying of caribou, 194, 211;
- southern end, 108-11.
- Indians:
- Deer hunts, 208, 211.
- Eskimos and the, 85, 131, 197.
- Iroquois, 195-96.
- Mic-Mac, 58.
- Montagnais, 27, 192-95, 197, 200-202, 213-14.
- Nascaupee, 27, 34, 100, 109, 114, 192-97, 202-203, 211, 213-214.
- Number of, 6-7, 192.
- Inman, Mr., 223.
- “Innuit” term, 149.
- Intoxicants, 160.
- Invermore, steamer, 244.
- Ireland, 244.
- Iroquois, the, 195-96.
- Ivalomati, 83.
- Jack Lane’s Bay, 9, 10, 177, 205, 214.
- Jack’s Brook, 177.
- Jackson, Captain, 18-19, 21, 211.
- Jannasch, Mr., 138, 141.
- Jersey, 18.
- “Jock Scott,” 228, 230.
- “Kablunaet” term, 149.
- Kanayuk, 167.
- Karasjok, 81.
- Kayaks, 23, 31, 42, 44, 147, 149.
- Killinek Moravian Settlement, 130, 134-35, 143, 144, 150, 151, 162.
- Kipling, Rudyard, “The Truce of the Bear,” 190.
- Koksoak River, 204.
- Komatiks, 6, 11, 31, 141, 152, 155, 159, 168, 169, 170-71, 172, 177, 214.
- Labrador—
- Barrens, the, 7-8.
- Caribou, 6.
- Central, 6, 13, 26, 27, 242.
- Climate, 2, 7, 16, 33, 123, 194.
- Fishing in, 239.
- Game supply, 120-28.
- History, 1-4, 98.
- Moravian Mission, 130-33.
- Seals, 5.
- Population, 4-6, 153.
- Southern, trapping, 17.
- Western, 13.
- “Labrador,” Gosling, 197.
- Labrador Bay Seals, 44.
- Labrador, Newfoundland and, versus Norway, 232-44.
- Lake, “the big Lake,” 39, 40, 48.
- Lapland—
- Habits of the Laps, 81.
- Mosquitoes, 80, 234.
- Salmon fishing, 238.
- “Through Arctic Lapland,” 82-83.
- Laurentian stone of the plateau, 64.
- Leh, in Tibet, 130.
- Lemmings, 119.
- Lenz, Rev. Mr., 20, 206, 214.
- Lenz, Mrs., 20, 141.
- Lewis, Reuben, 58.
- Licenses, Shooting, 236.
- Lisbon, Slaves, 3.
- Liveyeres, See “Settlers, White.”
- London Docks, 17.
- Loon, the, 90, 101.
- Lorna Doone, the. See “Harmony.”
- Low, Dr. A. P., explorations, 13, 218.
- Lucky Camp, 118-19.
- Lynx, 233, 235.
- McLean, John—
- Expedition, 13, 27-28.
- Nascaupees, and the, 196.
- McMillan, Prof., 34.
- Maine, 239.
- Mackay, Lake, 217.
- Makkovik—
- Caribou, near, 219.
- Description, 19-20.
- Eskimos of, 19.
- Moravian Mission, 6, 17, 134, 135, 150, 174.
- Marconi Stations, 184.
- Martin, Bishop, 25, 102, 138;
- a journey from Nain to Okak, 170;
- death of his son, 179.
- Merrigill, Old Man, 185.
- Michikamau Lake, 12, 27, 171, 206.
- Mic-Mac Indians, 58.
- Midnight Sun, the, 83.
- Molasses, Eskimos, love of, 162.
- Montagnais Indians, 7, 27, 192-95, 197, 199, 200, 201-2, 213-14.
- Moody and Sankey Hymns, 154.
- Moose, the, introduced into Newfoundland, 235.
- Moravian Missionaries—
- Work among the Eskimo, 2, 4, 6, 37, 105, 148, 150, 153, 186, 195;
- the Author and the, 10;
- the station at Nain, 16, 25, 48;
- Board of Moravian Missions, 16;
- the steamer Harmony, 18;
- spread of the Missions, 129;
- History of the Labrador Mission, 130-33;
- a claim for land, 133-35;
- the House-father, 135, 141;
- object of the Store, 135-38;
- work supplied by, 137-38;
- principal of self-support, 139-40;
- provision for sickness, 140-41;
- marriage customs, 142-44;
- services, 154-56;
- the Eskimos, dependence on, 172;
- the education question, 189.
- Morris, Sir Edward, 234.
- Mosquito Glen, 62.
- Mosquitoes, 22, 23, 25, 43, 62, 67-69, 70, 72, 76, 87-89, 94, 104, 118, 125, 142, 216, 234.
- Arctic, 38-40.
- Cutcliffe Hyne on, 82-83.
- Jersey, 78.
- “Kingdom of Beelzebub,” 75-85.
- Mrs. Hubbard on, 78.
- Sir Henry Pottinger, quoted, 79-82.
- Murray, John, 12.
- Museums of Norway, 213.
- Nain—
- Moravian station at, 16, 22, 30, 34, 131, 133, 134, 140, 145, 150, 153-55, 158-59, 170, 242;
- arrival of the Harmony, 25;
- return of the party, 48, 49, 127;
- the new church, 138;
- oil boiling, 161;
- dogs of, 167-69, 176;
- the winter mail, 169;
- Eskimos of, 171, 198, 201, 202;
- the Mission Store, 179-200;
- Indians, 198;
- sledging parties, 205;
- caribou, 211, 213;
- timber, 243.
- Nain Bay, 24, 26;
- fishing, 221, 223.
- Nunaingoak Bay, 28, 30, 31, 37, 205, 209, 223.
- Namaycush, 67-68, 70, 72, 76, 106, 113, 121, 221, 226-31.
- Namdalen, 237.
- Nansen, Fridtjof, “First Crossing of Greenland,” 88, 146-47.
- Nascaupee Country, 78.
- Nascaupee Indians, 7, 27, 34, 192-97, 200-203.
- Deer hunts, 109, 211, 213-14.
- Deserted teepees, 100, 114.
- Nascaupee River, xiii.
- New Brunswick, 239.
- Newfoundland—
- Fishing in, 4-6, 239;
- caribou, 9, 204, 212, 215, 217, 218, 237;
- black bears, 58;
- sealing fleet, 88;
- white settlers, 153;
- outports population, 189;
- visits of the Author to, 232;
- cost of season’s shooting, 237.
- “Newfoundland and Labrador versus Norway,” 232-44.
- Newfoundland Guide-book, 240.
- Nokomis the Squaw, 103.
- Northern diver, the, 118.
- Northern Lights, 22, 67, 75, 118, 244.
- North-West River, 13.
- Norway—
- Fishing, sea-trout, 230;
- salmon, 238, 239.
- Mosquitoes of, 82, 234.
- “Newfoundland and Labrador versus Norway,” 232-44.
- Shooting, elk, 233, 240;
- reindeer, 238;
- cost of a season’s shooting, 237.
- Obed. See “Boaz.”
- Oblate Fathers, the, 194.
- Okak—
- Hospital at, 139, 140, 145.
- Moravian Mission at, 25, 134, 150, 170.
- Sledging parties, 205.
- Oksuk, grey seal, 38.
- “Old Man Lane,” 177-78.
- Osprey’s nest, an, 97.
- Outfit for Labrador, 88-89.
- Packard, Alpheus S., 13;
- and the mosquitoes, 78-79.
- Palliser, Adm. Sir Hugh, 131-32.
- “Parallel Roads of Glenroy,” 107.
- Parker, Sir Hyde, 238.
- Parmachenee Belles, 223, 228, 230.
- “Partridges,” 184-85.
- Paul’s Island, 156.
- Payne, E. A., 174, 222.
- Peary, work of, 4.
- Pelican, the, 2.
- Perrett, Rev. Mr., 25, 135, 138.
- Perrett, Mrs., 25.
- Phillips, E. Lort, 230.
- Pikajulak, 37.
- Pike, Warburton, “Barren Grounds of Northern Canada,” 197, 217.
- Pokka, mosquitoes of, 82.
- Polar current, the, 16, 18, 26.
- Porter, Robert, incidents of the expedition, 17, 42, 45, 46, 47, 50, 54, 66, 70-72, 74-76, 88, 90, 94, 97, 98-100, 103, 109, 115, 117, 118, 123, 125, 127;
- a disaster, 51-53;
- bear-hunting, 55-58;
- portaging the canoe, 58-59, 226;
- return for provisions, 104-108.
- Pottinger, Sir Henry, “Flood, Fell and Forest,” quoted, 79-82.
- Poungassé, 31, 32, 41, 49-50, 171, 205.
- Prae Wood, Hertfordshire, 45.
- Prichard, Mrs., xv.
- Primus stoves, 88.
- Provisions, supply for the journey, 33, 86.
- Prowse, D. W., guide-book, 240.
- Ptarmigan, 66-67, 88, 92, 96, 113, 114, 119, 121, 233.
- Pulp Industry, the, 240, 243.
- Quebec, Caribou, 204, 218-20, 222;
- mosquitoes, 234.
- Rainey, Paul, 234.
- Raised beaches on the George River, 106-7.
- Rations and provisions, 121-22.
- Ravens, 101, 104.
- Red Indians, 195.
- Reid Newfoundland Railway Company, 215, 235-36, 240-41, 244.
- Reindeer—
- Habits, 81.
- Ivory-coloured, of the Plateau, 64.
- Norwegian, 180-81, 212.
- Shooting rents, 238.
- Rifles, suitable for long portage, 92;
- result of introduction, 151.
- Roman Catholics in Labrador, 194, 196.
- Rucksack versus headstrap, 61.
- St. Anthony, Newfoundland, 181.
- St. John’s, Newfoundland, 16, 161, 232, 239, 244.
- St. Lawrence, the, 7, 192.
- Saguenay region, the, 204.
- Salmon fishing, 221, 234;
- rents, 238.
- Salt, Harry, 187-88.
- Saltatha quoted, 64.
- Salvation Army Hymns, 154.
- Sand-flies, 78.
- Sandy Camp, 86, 104, 112, 113, 121, 229.
- Savage Bay, 178.
- Scandinavia, fishing, 238.
- Schmitt, Brother Kristian, 25-28, 30, 138, 170, 198.
- Schmitt, Mrs., 198.
- Sea-trout, 234.
- Seal—
- Labrador Bay, 44.
- Oil, 43.
- Oksuk, 38.
- Sealing, hardships, 5-6;
- modern, 151-52.
- Selous, F. C., 9.
- Settlers, White, means of livelihood, 182-88;
- population, 188-89;
- houses, 189-90;
- language, 190-91.
- Sillapaks, 26, 154.
- Sina, the, 169, 175.
- Sisters, the Moravian, 139-42.
- “Skiff,” the, 127.
- Skraelings, 148.
- Slave-trade, early Portuguese, 3-4.
- Slippery Brook, 103, 106, 108, 229.
- “Smudge,” 103.
- Socialism among the Eskimo, 148-149.
- Sports, Eskimo, 158.
- Spruce, 97, 98, 118.
- Squirrel, 43, 54.
- Stewart, Rev. S. M., 135, 144-45.
- Strathcona, the, 145.
- Sundal River, Norway, 224.
- Susan River, 11.
- Tana River, 79, 81.
- Tar and oil, Stockholm, 38, 43, 72, 76, 125.
- Tasker expedition, the, 242.
- “Teepees,” 100, 114, 193.
- Terranovan Wilderness, 235.
- “Through Arctic Lapland,” 82-83.
- Tikoatokak, 28.
- Tikoatokak Bay, 37, 210.
- Timber in Labrador, 243.
- Townley, Rev. Mr. and Mrs., 19.
- Trap-boats, 30.
- Trapping, 152.
- Trout-fishing, 103-4, 229-31, 234;
- the namaycush, 67-68;
- amount caught, 121;
- sea-trout, 127, 221-26.
- “Truce of the Bear,” 190.
- Ungava, 27, 242.
- Ungava Bay, 13, 106, 144-45, 166.
- United States—
- National collection, 211.
- Newfoundland and the, 239.
- Virginia Lake, steamer, 10, 147.
- Voysey’s Bay, 197.
- Wallace, Dillon, 11-13, 28, 121, 206.
- Walrus, 151, 152.
- Ward, Rowland, “Horn Measurements,” 211.
- “Water Bears,” 233.
- Wells, Jack, 9.
- Whale meat, 43.
- Whale River, 114, 241.
- Whale, White, 152.
- White Sea, 18.
- Wiggins Expedition, 18.
- “Wilkinson,” 230.
- Willow-grouse, 127, 233-34.
- Willows, dwarf, 97.
- Windy Tickle, 10.
- Wolstenholme, Cape, 130.
- Wolves, 28, 90, 94-95, 213, 217, 233;
- habits of the Labrador, 101-102;
- interbreeding, 172-73.
- Woodland Caribou, 204, 209, 211, 217, 218, 235.
- “Woman’s Way through Unknown Labrador,” 12.
- Women—
- Eskimo, 156-57;
- occupation, 161-62.
- Indian, 198, 202-3.
- Settlers in Labrador, 141.
- Wynyard, Capt. E. G., D.S.O., 232.
- Yellow Knives, 198.
- Yukon territory, exploration, 17.
- Zoar, 138.
About This Book
An account of an exploratory expedition across interior Labrador, following a party that travels from the Atlantic coast into an uncharted inland plateau, living largely by hunting and adopting Indigenous travel methods. It combines journal-style narrative of routes, camps, weather, wildlife encounters—caribou, bears, fish—and hard conditions on a stony, mosquito-haunted plateau, with descriptive chapters on fishermen, settlers, Inuit communities, and missionary activity. Practical notes on tracking, canoeing, and fishing alternate with natural-history observations and reflections on survival strategies in a sparsely populated, predatory landscape.