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Tintinnalogia

Chapter 15: The Plain Changes on five Bells.
By Richard Duckworth
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About This Book

The treatise lays out practical rules and examples for English change-ringing, explaining how to compose and execute plain changes and cross-peals across three to eight bells. It presents named methods and sequences, step-by-step instructions for whole and half hunts and extreame changes, printed patterns and numeric permutations, and guidance for pricking, ringing, and recording peals. The text also offers practical advice on hanging bells and their fittings, plus illustrative exercises and complete courses so ringers can learn composition and performance of various peal structures.

1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 5 4
1 2 5 3 4
1 5 2 3 4
5 1 2 3 4
5 2 1 3 4
2 5 1 3 4
2 1 5 3 4
2 1 3 5 4
2 1 3 4 5
2 1 4 3 5
2 4 1 3 5
4 2 1 3 5
4 2 3 1 5
2 4 3 1 5
2 3 4 1 5
2 3 1 4 5
2 3 1 5 4
2 3 5 1 4
2 5 3 1 4
5 2 3 1 4
5 3 2 1 4
3 5 2 1 4
3 2 5 1 4
3 2 1 5 4
3 2 1 4 5
3 2 4 1 5
3 4 2 1 5
4 3 2 1 5
4 3 1 2 5
3 4 1 2 5
3 1 4 2 5
3 1 2 4 5
3 1 2 5 4
3 1 5 2 4
3 5 1 2 4
5 3 1 2 4
5 1 3 2 4
1 5 3 2 4
1 3 5 2 4
1 3 2 5 4
1 3 2 4 5
1 3 4 2 5
1 4 3 2 5
4 1 3 2 5
4 1 2 3 5
1 4 2 3 5
1 2 4 3 5
1 2 3 4 5

Cambridge Eight and Forty.

Wherein it is observed, that the Treble and Second does never come behind, neither does the Fifth and Fourth come before, as in the following Changes.

1 2 3 4 5
2 1 3 4 5
2 1 3 5 4
2 1 5 3 4
2 5 1 3 4
2 5 3 1 4
2 3 5 1 4
2 3 1 5 4
3 2 1 5 4
3 2 5 1 4
3 5 2 1 4
3 5 1 2 4
3 1 5 2 4
3 1 2 5 4
3 1 2 4 5
3 1 4 2 5
3 4 1 2 5
3 4 2 1 5
3 2 4 1 5
3 2 1 4 5
2 3 1 4 5
2 3 4 1 5
2 4 3 1 5
2 4 1 3 5
2 1 4 3 5
2 1 4 5 3
2 4 1 5 3
2 4 5 1 3
2 5 4 1 3
2 5 1 4 3
2 1 5 4 3
1 2 5 4 3
1 5 2 4 3
1 5 4 2 3
1 4 5 2 3
1 4 2 5 3
1 2 4 5 3
1 2 4 3 5
1 4 2 3 5
1 4 3 2 5
1 3 4 2 5
1 3 2 4 5
1 3 2 5 4
1 3 5 2 4
1 5 3 2 4
1 5 2 3 4
1 2 5 3 4
1 2 3 5 4
1 2 3 4 5

The Plain Changes on five Bells.

There are Six-score Changes to be Rang on five Bells, which are to be Rang, by observing a whole Hunt, a half Hunt, and three Extream Bells; the course of the whole Hunt, is the same with the Hunt in the Twenty-four Changes, and hunts up and down in the same manner. The half Hunt moves once, that is, over one Bell every time, the whole Hunt comes before and behind the Bells; but when the half Hunt is removed either before or behind the Extream Bells, then there is an Extream Change to be made. For Example, I make the Treble the whole Hunt, and hunt it up; and the Second the half Hunt and half hunt it up, making every Extream Change between the two farthest Extream Bells from the half Hunt; the Extream Bells are the Third, Fourth, Fifth: Now observe, that whereas in the Twenty-four Changes, an Extream Change was alwayes made, when the whole Hunt came before or behind the Bells, in these Six-score Changes an Extream is alwayes to be made, when the Half Hunt comes before or behind the Extream Bells; first the Treble is to be hunted up, as in these Changes.—

1 2 3 4 5
2 1 3 4 5
2 3 1 4 5
2 3 4 1 5
2 3 4 5 1

The whole Hunt being hunted up, the Second, which is the half Hunt, must be hunted up over one Bell, as in this Change.—

3 2 4 5 1

The half Hunt being removed up over one Bell, the whole Hunt must be hunted down again, as in these Changes.—

3 2 4 1 5
3 2 1 4 5
3 1 2 4 5
1 3 2 4 5

The whole Hunt being hunted down, the half Hunt is to be removed up over the Fourth, which is the next Bell to it.—

1 3 4 2 5

The whole Hunt is to hunt up as before.—

3 1 4 2 5
3 4 1 2 5
3 4 2 1 5
3 4 2 5 1

Now the half Hunt is to be hunted up over the Fifth, which is the next Bell to it, thus.—

3 4 5 2 1

Here the Second, which is the half Hunt, is removed quite up behind the Extream Bells; yet the Extream Change is not to be made, until the whole Hunt has removed down through the Bells, as in these Changes.—

3 4 5 1 2
3 4 1 5 2
3 1 4 5 2
1 3 4 5 2

And it is a constant Rule, that whensoever the half Hunt has removed up behind the Extream Bells, or down before them, the whole Hunt must hunt through the Bells, before the Extream Change is made, as in the last Change but four, which is 3, 4, 5, 2, 1. the Second being the half Hunt, is removed up behind the 3, 4, and 5. which are the Extream Bells; and then the whole Hunt being behind, hunts immediately down; and now the Extreame Change is to be made between the 3, and 4. which are the two farthest Extream Bells from the half Hunt, as in this Change.—

1 4 3 5 2

The Extream being made, the whole Hunt and half Hunt are to remove again; and first the whole Hunt must be hunted up.—

4 1 3 5 2
4 3 1 5 2
4 3 5 1 2
4 3 5 2 1

Now the half Hunt is to be hunted down under one Bell, thus.—

4 3 2 5 1

The half Hunt being removed, the whole Hunt is to be hunted down.—

4 3 2 1 5
4 3 1 2 5
4 1 3 2 5
1 4 3 2 5

The half Hunt is to be removed down under another Bell, as in this Change.—

1 4 2 3 5

Now I hunt up the Treble.—

4 1 2 3 5
4 2 1 3 5
4 2 3 1 5
4 2 3 5 1

The Treble being hunted up, I hunt down the Second before the Extream Bells.—

2 4 3 5 1

Now I hunt down the Treble again, and then make the Extream Change, as in these Changes.—

2 4 3 1 5
2 4 1 3 5
2 1 4 3 5
1 2 4 3 5
1 2 4 5 3

The last is the Extream Change, which is made between the Third and Fifth; and this course is to be observed to the end of the Six-score Changes, which is set down at large at the end of the directions to this Peal.

Another short Example I will insert, which is Second down, and Fourth up, (for that is the common Phrase amongst Ringers) whereby 'tis alwayes to be observed, that the first Bell which is named, is the whole Hunt, and the second that is named, is the half Hunt, as herein you may perceive; where Second down, is meant, that the Second Bell is the whole Hunt, and to hunt down the first Change; and the Fourth Bell is the half Hunt, and to half hunt up, that is, to move up towards the hindmost Bell the first time it moves at the beginning of the Peal; which are only directions in making the first Changes, for one whole Hunt and half Hunt may be hunted several wayes, either up or down at pleasure. First, I hunt down the Second.—

1 2 3 4 5
2 1 3 4 5

The Second being hunted down, the Fourth, which is the half Hunt, must be removed up over one Bell, thus.—

2 1 3 5 4

The half Hunt being removed, I must hunt up the Second, as in these Changes.—

1 2 3 5 4
1 3 2 5 4
1 3 5 2 4
1 3 5 4 2
3 1 5 4 2
3 1 5 2 4
3 1 2 5 4
3 2 1 5 4
2 3 1 5 4
2 3 1 4 5

Now the Fourth, which is the half Hunt, being behind the Extream Bells, the next is to be an Extream Change, which may be made either between the two farthest Bells from the half Hunt, or the two nearest to it; and after the Extream Change is made, the whole Hunt and half Hunt must be hunted as before. These Six-score Changes of Second and Fourth, I have set down at large, at the end of my directions to these Changes on five Bells.

In every Six-score, the Extream Changes may be made either between the two farthest Extream Bells from the half Hunt, or between the two nearest to it, observing to make all the Extreams in one Six-score alike; that is, if you make the first Extream Change between the two farthest Extream Bells from the half Hunt, you must make all the following Extreams in the same Six score between the two farthest Extream Bells also; or if you make the first Extream in any Six-score between the two nearest to the half Hunt, you must make all the following Extreams in the same Six-score between the two nearest also.

The Six-score plain and single Changes, are to be Rang Eight-score several wayes; for although there are but Six-score several Changes on five Bells, yet by altering the whole Hunt, the half Hunt, and Extreams, the course of the Changes are so altered, that the same Changes doe not come all along together in any two of those Eight-score wayes.

With one whole Hunt and half Hunt, the Six-score Changes are to be Rang, or set down eight several wayes; one way, is by hunting the whole Hunt, and half Hunt both up; the second way, is by hunting the whole Hunt and half Hunt both down; the third way, is in hunting the whole Hunt up, and the half Hunt down; the fourth way, is by hunting the whole Hunt down, and the half Hunt up; each of these four wayes is to be Rang two wayes more; one is, in making the Extreams between the two farthest Extream Bells from the half Hunt, and the other way is in making them between the two nearest; for Example, in making the treble the whole Hunt, and second the half Hunt, the Six-score are to be Rang eight several wayes (viz.)

  • Treble and second both up
  • Treble and second both down
  • Treble down, and second up
  • Treble up, and second down
}

Extream Changes to be made between the 2 farthest Extream Bells from the half Hunt.

  • Treble and second both up
  • Treble and second both down
  • Treble down, and second up
  • Treble up, and second down
}

Extream Changes to be made between the two nearest Extream Bells to the half Hunt, which is called Mediums.

On five Bells there are 20 Hunts, (i.e.) a whole Hunt, and half Hunt twenty times, and not one; and the same whole Hunt, and half Hunt twice, as appears by the following Figures, where they stand two and two together; one of which is the whole Hunt, and the other the half Hunt: for Example, the 2 highest Figures are 1.2 where the treble is the whole Hunt, and the second the half Hunt. The two next Figures are 1.3 where the treble is the whole Hunt, and the third the half Hunt; and likewise the two last, or lowest Figures, are 5.4 the fifth is the whole Hunt, and the fourth the half Hunt; and so of all the rest, the first Figure representing the whole Hunt, and the next to it the half Hunt.

1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5 		2.1
2.3
2.4
2.5 		3.1
3.2
3.4
3.5 		4.1
4.2
4.3
4.5 		5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4

So that there being twenty Hunts, and every one making eight Six-scores (as in the Example of treble and second) that is twenty (which are the number of Hunts;) multiplied by eight (which are the number of Six-scores made by each Hunt) does produce Eight-score several wayes to Ring the Six-score Changes.

In the Six-score Changes are comprehended the Twenty-four, and the Six Changes: The Twenty-four Changes are made between the half Hunt, and the three Extream Bells; and the Six are made between the Extream Bells alone: The half Hunt in the Six-score, is the whole Hunt in the Twenty-four; and there is one Change in the Twenty-four made every time the whole Hunt comes before and behind the Bells; and one Change in the Six made every Extream: So that the Six-score rightly understood, is nothing else but hunting the half Hunt through every Change of the Six, which makes Twenty-four Changes: and then hunting the whole Hunt through each Change of the Twenty-four, which makes Six-score; for instance, in the first Six-score before set down, where the treble is the whole Hunt, the second the half Hunt, and the 345 the Extream Bells.

I take the Extream Bells, and set down the six Changes on them thus.—

3 4 5
4 3 5
4 5 3
5 4 3
5 3 4
3 5 4
3 4 5

Now I take the first of the six, which is 345, and set the second (which was the half Hunt in the Six-score) to it, and hunt it up behind thus.—

2 3 4 5
3 2 4 5
3 4 2 5
3 4 5 2

Now I take the second Change of the six, which is 435, and set it directly under 345, and the second Bell to it, and hunt it down thus.—

4 3 5 2
4 3 2 5
4 2 3 5
2 4 3 5

The second being hunted through the Change, I take the third Change in the six, which is 453, and hunt the second Bell through it, as before.—

2 4 5 3
4 2 5 3
4 5 2 3
4 5 3 2

And in the same course, the second being hunted through each Change of the six, will make Twenty-four, one Change of the six, hunting the second Bell through it, makes four Changes; so that the six Changes by hunting the second through each of them, will make six times four Changes (i.e.) Twenty-four. And now hunt the Treble through each of the Twenty-four Changes, and 'twill make Six-score; the first of the Twenty-four is 2345, take the Treble, and hunt it through it thus.—

1 2 3 4 5
2 1 3 4 5
2 3 1 4 5
2 3 4 1 5
2 3 4 5 1

Now take the next Change of the Twenty-four, which is 3245, set it under the other Change, and hunt the Treble through it thus.—

3 2 4 5 1
3 2 4 1 5
3 2 1 4 5
3 1 2 4 5
1 3 2 4 5

And in the same manner, hunting the Treble through each Change of the Twenty-four, will produce Twenty-four times five Changes, which makes Six-score; one Change of the Twenty-four (in hunting the Treble through it) makes five Changes.

In every Six-score on 5 Bells, there are 6 Extream Changes, there being twenty Changes from one Extream to another.

It would be an endless undertaking to set down all these Peals at large, but for the convenience of the Learner, I have set down some part of several of them, which may with ease be prickt out to the end of each Peal, as the Learner pleases.

Note, That in the following Peals there is a Line drawn at each Extream Change between the Figures, to shew where the Extreams are made; as in the next Peal there is a Line drawn between the Figures just 20 Changes from the beginning of the Peal, the change next after the Line is the Extream Change, which is 14352, and so of the rest; the Change next following each Line is the Extream.

Treble and second both up, Extream between the two farthest Extream Bells from the half Hunt.

1 2 3 4 5
2 1 3 4 5
2 3 1 4 5
2 3 4 1 5
2 3 4 5 1
3 2 4 5 1
3 2 4 1 5
3 2 1 4 5
3 1 2 4 5
1 3 2 4 5
1 3 4 2 5
3 1 4 2 5
3 4 1 2 5
3 4 2 1 5
3 4 2 5 1
3 4 5 2 1
3 4 5 1 2
3 4 1 5 2
3 1 4 5 2
1 3 4 5 2
1 4 3 5 2
4 1 3 5 2
4 3 1 5 2
4 3 5 1 2
4 3 5 2 1
4 3 2 5 1
4 3 2 1 5
4 3 1 2 5
4 1 3 2 5
1 4 3 2 5
1 4 2 3 5
4 1 2 3 5
4 2 1 3 5
4 2 3 1 5
4 2 3 5 1
2 4 3 5 1
2 4 3 1 5
2 4 1 3 5
2 1 4 3 5
1 2 4 3 5
1 2 4 5 3
2 1 4 5 3
2 4 1 5 3
2 4 5 1 3
2 4 5 3 1
4 2 5 3 1
4 2 5 1 3
4 2 1 5 3
4 1 2 5 3
1 4 2 5 3
1 4 5 2 3
4 1 5 2 3
4 5 1 2 3
4 5 2 1 3
4 5 2 3 1
4 5 3 2 1
4 5 3 1 2
4 5 1 3 2
4 1 5 3 2
1 4 5 3 2
1 5 4 3 2
5 1 4 3 2
5 4 1 3 2
5 4 3 1 2
5 4 3 2 1
5 4 2 3 1
5 4 2 1 3
5 4 1 2 3
5 1 4 2 3
1 5 4 2 3
1 5 2 4 3
5 1 2 4 3
5 2 1 4 3
5 2 4 1 3
5 2 4 3 1
2 5 4 3 1
2 5 4 1 3
2 5 1 4 3
2 1 5 4 3
1 2 5 4 3
1 2 5 3 4
2 1 5 3 4
2 5 1 3 4
2 5 3 1 4
2 5 3 4 1
5 2 3 4 1
5 2 3 1 4
5 2 1 3 4
5 1 2 3 4
1 5 2 3 4
1 5 3 2 4
5 1 3 2 4
5 3 1 2 4
5 3 2 1 4
5 3 2 4 1
5 3 4 2 1
5 3 4 1 2
5 3 1 4 2
5 1 3 4 2
1 5 3 4 2
1 3 5 4 2
3 1 5 4 2
3 5 1 4 2
3 5 4 1 2
3 5 4 2 1
3 5 2 4 1
3 5 2 1 4
3 5 1 2 4
3 1 5 2 4
1 3 5 2 4
1 3 2 5 4
3 1 2 5 4
3 2 1 5 4
3 2 5 1 4
3 2 5 4 1
2 3 5 4 1
2 3 5 1 4
2 3 1 5 4
2 1 3 5 4
1 2 3 5 4
1 2 3 4 5

Treble up, fifth down, Extreams between the two farthest Extream Bells from the half Hunt.