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Turkey; the Awakening of Turkey; the Turkish Revolution of 1908

Chapter 24: INDEX
By E. F. Knight
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History - EuropeanHistory - Modern (1750+)

About This Book

The narrative traces the transformation of an empire from entrenched autocracy to constitutional awakening, documenting pervasive palace surveillance, corruption, and the human cost of widespread espionage. It follows the growth of reformist currents—education, civilian activists, and military dissent—and the organization of clandestine committees that staged a largely bloodless insurrection. The account examines diplomatic pressures and foreign involvement, the return of exiles, and the difficulties of establishing representative institutions. Combining eyewitness detail with political analysis, it explains how reformers sought to rebuild governance, reform the army, and open a new parliamentary order.

INDEX

  • Aali Pasha, 26.
  • Aassim Bey, 248.
  • Abd-ul-Aziz, accession of, 25;
    • deposed, 29.
  • Abdul Hamid, accession of, 30.
  • Abdul Houda, 205.
  • Abd-ul-Mejid, 25.
  • Administration by the Young Turks, 214.
  • Ahmed Riza, 248;
    • and the Central Committee, 102;
    • in London, 76, 78.
  • Albania, revolt in, 66-70.
  • Albanian chiefs, the, 154;
    • horrors, 22.
  • Albanians support the Committee, 169-194.
  • Ali Bey, 69.
  • Ameer Ali, 61.
  • Anatolian troops, 169-184.
  • Anti-Christian feeling, 10.
  • Animals, kindness to, 8.
  • Army, the, 40;
    • a strong, needed, 261, 280;
    • and the Revolution, 113-115;
    • discontent in the, 87-100;
    • and the Committee, 224;
    • mutinous, 300;
    • Young Turks and, 89-100.
  • Astrologer at Court, an, 205.
  • Atrocities, 15-24.
  • Austria’s annexations, 238;
    • trade, boycott of, 218.
  • “Awakening of Turkey,” play, 257.

  • “Bag and Baggage” policy, the, 21.
  • Balance of Power, the, 36.
  • Bloodless Victory, a, 185, 197.
  • Boer War and the Turks, 47.
  • Bosnia, annexation of, 238;
    • risings in, 27.
  • Boycott of Austrian trade, 218.
  • Brigands, Macedonian, 18;
    • Turkish, 7.
  • British, hatred of the, 45.
  • Bulgarian Atrocities, 18;
    • insurrection, 152-158.
  • Bulgarians and Greeks, 93;
    • friendly, 169-184.

  • Camarilla, dispersal of, 232.
  • Causes of revolt, 49.
  • Censorship, the, 41.
  • Central Committee, the, 101, 117, 119, 132, 199, 224, 246.
  • Characteristics of Turks, 5.
  • Christian propagandists, 94.
  • Congress at Salonica, 252;
    • of 1907, 85.
  • Constantinople after the revolt, 211.
  • Constitution granted, 205;
    • proclaimed, 200;
    • suspended, 33.
  • Corruption in Constantinople, 294;
    • spread of, 35-53.
  • Counter-revolution, the, 297-320.
  • Coup d’état, of 1876, 28.
  • Crawford, Mr., 235.
  • Customs, reorganisation of, 235.
  • Czar, the, and Edward VII, 122.

  • > Death of Shemshi Pasha, 168.
  • Demonstrations, 209.
  • Despotism, final efforts of, 169-184.
  • “Diary of a Young Turk,” 115.
  • Discontent in the Army, 87-100.
  • Dismemberment of Turkey, 1.
  • Disunion, 299.
  • Djavid Bey, 248.
  • Dogs in Constantinople, 8.
  • Domination of the Committee, 224.

  • Early Reformers, 25-34.
  • Education, spread of, 54-63.
  • Edward VII and the Tsar, 122;
    • congratulations from, 231.
  • Elections, the, 273-280.
  • Electoral law, the, 270.
  • Enemies of the Young Turks, 284.
  • England and Turkey, 4;
    • friendship with, 229.
  • Enver Bey, 125, 130, 169, 248.
  • European assistance, 227-237;
    • influence, 13.
  • Exile of leaders, 31.
  • Exiles, return of the, 208.
  • Eyoub Effendi, 188.

  • Faik Bey, 248.
  • Fehim Pasha, 42.
  • Ferid Pasha dismissed, 204.
  • Finances, organisation of, 235.
  • Fraternising, 209.
  • Freemasonry, 101.
  • French influence, 13.
  • Fuad Pasha, 26.

  • Geneva, Young Turks at, 72.
  • German influence, 45, 93, 295.
  • Greek influence, 253-277;
    • Patriarchate influence of, 221.
  • Greeks and Bulgarians, 93.
  • Guards, the Palace, 238-248.

  • Halil Halid, 19.
  • Hamidian régime, the, 35-53.
  • Hatti-Sherif of Gulhane, the, 25.
  • Herzegovina, annexation of, 238;
    • risings in, 27.
  • Hilmi Pasha, 202, 234.
  • Hurriet, newspaper, the, 64.

  • Ignatieff, 26.
  • Influence, European, 13;
  • Insurrection, in Bulgaria, 152, 158;
    • the Macedonian, 90.
  • Intermarriage with Westerns, 57.
  • Internal dissensions, 281-296.
  • Interregnum, the, 222.
  • Ismail Pasha, 131.
  • Istarova, Niazi at, 172.

  • Japan-Russo War, influence of, 54.
  • Jews and the Young Turks, 83.

  • Kemil Bey, poet, 57.
  • Kermanle Metre, 139.
  • Kiamil Pasha, 39, 230;
    • resignation of, 287.

  • Labcha, 156.
  • Laurent, Monsieur, 235.
  • Liberal Union, the, 290.
  • Liberty secured for all, 225.
  • Literature, Turkish, 13.

  • Macedonia, in 1908, 133;
    • pacification of, 227;
    • partition of, 2.
  • Macedonian brigands, 18;
    • Committees, 84;
    • insurrection, 90.
  • Magna Charta of Turkey, the, 25.
  • Mahmud II, 25.
  • Mahmud Nedim Pasha, 26-27.
  • Manifesto of Central Committee, 120.
  • Mascot, a, 191.
  • Mehemet Ali, murder of, 69.
  • Midhat Pasha, premier, 26, 31;
    • exile and death, 33.
  • Military and the Revolution, 113;
    • condition of the, 50-53.
  • Mohammedans and the Committee, 224.
  • Monastir 152;
  • Mongolians, the, 5.
  • Moslem reformation, the, 60.
  • Murad V, 29.
  • Mussulman, the, 5;
    • influence, 154.

  • Nationalist parties, 288.
  • Navy, decay of the, 36.
  • Nazim Bey, Colonel, sent to Salonica, 127.
  • Niazi Bey, 133-138, 141;
    • called to Ochrida, 185;
    • letters of, 116;
    • revolt of, 125;
    • work in Bulgaria, 160;
    • at Velijon, 166;
    • manifesto, 164.

  • Ochrida, 186;
    • the march on, 190.
  • Osman Pasha, a prisoner, 195.
  • Ottoman Committee, the, 75-97.

  • Palace, corruption at, 6;
  • Pan-Islamic schemes, 38.
  • Pan-Islamism, repudiated, 58.
  • Paris, Young Turks at, 72.
  • Parliament, dissolved, 65;
  • Parties in Parliament, 287.
  • People, the Turkish, 1.
  • Police, secret, 42.
  • Polygamy, 11.
  • Poole, Stanley Lane, 13.
  • Power, the balance of, 36.
  • Press, liberty of, 41;
    • and the Committee, 224.
  • Proclamation to the Greeks, 182.
  • Programme of Young Turk party, 261.

  • Reactionary intrigues, 239, 293.
  • Reformation, the Moslem, 60.
  • Reformers, early, 25-34.
  • Religious questions, 9.
  • Reshad Effendi proclaimed Sultan, 319.
  • Reshid Pasha, 25.
  • Resources, development of, 264.
  • Revolt, causes of, 49;
    • standard of, 133.
  • Revolution, after the, 207-221;
    • beginning of, 117-132;
    • of 1907, 54.
  • Rise of the Young Turks, 64-86.
  • Resna, the rising of, 146.
  • Russia, peace of 1878, 33.
  • Russian influence, 16.
  • Russo-Turkish War, the, 16.
  • Sabah-ed-Din, Prince, 76.
  • Said Pasha, Grand Vizier, 204, 229.
  • Salonica, Central Committee at, 103;
    • Congress at, 252;
    • Ottoman Committee at, 97-100.
  • Sandansky, king of the mountains, 211.
  • Secret police, the, 42.
  • Secret proceedings, 105.
  • Sefer Bey, 30.
  • Selamlik, the, 243.
  • Self-rule, preparing for, 249-260.
  • Sheik-ul-Islam, the, 11.
  • Shemshi Pasha, 126-152;
    • assassinated, 168.
  • Shura-i-Ummet journal, the, 248.
  • “Sick man of Europe,” the, 21.
  • “Silistria,” the, 57.
  • Softas, the, 28.
  • Spies in Turkey, 20;
    • system of, 41, 44, 66.
  • Spread of Corruption, the, 35-53.
  • Spread of Education, 54-63.
  • Spy system, the military, 89.
  • Standard of Revolt, the, 133-151.
  • “Story of the Nations,” the, 13.
  • Sultan, character of the, 37;
    • the new, 297-320.

  • Taxation, re-adjustment of, 265.
  • Theatre, influence of the, 257.
  • Tolerance of the Young Turks, 59.
  • Treachery against Turkey, 3.
  • Troops, the palace, 242.
  • Tsar, the, and Edward VII, 122.

  • Ulemas, the, 11, 61.
  • Ultimatum of the Committee, 198-206.
  • Union and Progress, Committee of, 261, 280, 284.
  • “Unspeakable Turks,” the, 15.

  • Vali of Monastir, the, 169, 184.
  • Velijon, Niazi at, 166.
  • Victory, a Bloodless, 185-197.
  • Von der Goltz, Baron, 103.

  • Western ideas, influence of, 56.
  • Whittall, Sir William, 7.
  • Women, in the Revolution, 112;
    • status of, 12.

  • Yildiz soldiers, the, 239.
  • Young Turk party, the, 3, 55, 59-63, 86;
    • programme, 261;
    • movement of, 79;
    • administration by, 214;
    • rise of the, 64-86.

 

 

 

 

The book cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.