APPENDIX B
UNIONIST LETTER TO PRESIDENT WILSON
To THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
SIR,
A manifesto signed by the leader of the Irish Nationalist Party and certain other Irish gentlemen has been widely circulated in the United Kingdom, in the form of a letter purporting to have been addressed to your Excellency.[110]
Its purpose appears to be to offer an explanation of, and an excuse for, the conduct of the Nationalist Party in obstructing the extension to Ireland of compulsory military service, which the rest of the United Kingdom has felt compelled to adopt as the necessary means of defeating the German design to dominate the world. At a time when all the free democracies of the world have, with whatever reluctance, accepted the burden of conscription as the only alternative to the destruction of free institutions and of international justice, it is easily intelligible that those who maintain Ireland's right to solitary and privileged exemption from the same obligation should betray their consciousness that an apologia is required to enable them to escape condemnation at the bar of civilised, and especially of American, opinion. But, inasmuch as the document referred to would give to anyone not intimately familiar with British domestic affairs the impression that it represents the unanimous opinion of Irishmen, it is important that your Excellency and the American people should be assured that this is very far from being the case.
There is in Ireland a minority, whom we claim to represent, comprising one-fourth to one-third of the total population of the island, located mainly, but not exclusively, in the province of Ulster, who dissent emphatically from the views of Mr. Dillon and his associates. This minority, through their representatives in Parliament, have maintained throughout the present war that the same obligations should in all respects be borne by Ireland as by Great Britain, and it has caused them as Irishmen a keen sense of shame that their country has not submitted to this equality of sacrifice.
Your Excellency does not need to be informed that this question has become entangled in the ancient controversy concerning the constitutional status of Ireland in the United Kingdom. This is, indeed, sufficiently clear from the terms of the Nationalist manifesto addressed to you, every paragraph of which is coloured by allusion to bygone history and threadbare political disputes.
It is not our intention to traverse the same ground. There is in the manifesto almost no assertion with regard to past events which is not either a distortion or a misinterpretation of historical fact. But we consider that this is not the moment for discussing the faults and follies of the past, still less for rehearsing ancient grievances, whether well or ill founded, in language of extravagant rhetoric. At a time when the very existence of civilisation hangs in the balance, all smaller issues, whatever their merits or however they may affect our internal political problems, should in our judgment have remained in abeyance, while the parties interested in their solution should have joined in whole-hearted co-operation against the common enemy.
There is, however, one matter to which reference must be made, in order to make clear the position of the Irish minority whom we represent. The Nationalist Party have based their claim to American sympathy on the historic appeal addressed to Irishmen by the British colonists who fought for independence in America a hundred and fifty years ago. By no Irishmen was that appeal received with a more lively sympathy than by the Protestants of Ulster, the ancestors of those for whom we speak to-day—a fact that was not surprising in view of the circumstance that more than one-sixth part of the entire colonial population in America at the time of the Declaration of Independence consisted of emigrants from Ulster.
The Ulstermen of to-day, forming as they do the chief industrial community in Ireland, are as devoted adherents to the cause of democratic freedom as were their forefathers in the eighteenth century. But the experience of a century of social and economic progress under the legislative Union with Great Britain has convinced them that under no other system of government could more complete liberty be enjoyed by the Irish people. This, however, is not the occasion for a reasoned defence of "Unionist" policy. Our sole purpose in referring to the matter is to show, whatever be the merits of the dispute, that a very substantial volume of Irish opinion is warmly attached to the existing Constitution of the United Kingdom, and regards as wholly unwarranted the theory that our political status affords any sort of parallel to that of the "small nations" oppressed by alien rule, for whose emancipation the Allied democracies are fighting in this war.
The Irish representation in the Imperial Parliament throws a significant sidelight on this prevalent fiction. Whereas England is only represented by one member for every 75,000 of population, and Scotland by one for every 65,000, Ireland has a member for every 42,000 of her people. With a population below that of Scotland, Ireland has 31 more members in the House of Commons, and 89 more than she could claim on a basis of representation strictly proportionate to population in the United Kingdom.
Speaking in Dublin on the 1st of July, 1915, the late Mr. John Redmond gave the following description of the present condition of Ireland, which offers a striking contrast to the extravagant declamation that represents that country as downtrodden by a harsh and unsympathetic system of government:
"To-day," he said, "the people, broadly speaking, own the soil. To-day the labourers live in decent habitations. To-day there is absolute freedom in local government and local taxation of the country. To-day we have the widest parliamentary and municipal franchise. The congested districts, the scene of some of the most awful horrors of the old famine days, have been transformed. The farms have been enlarged, decent dwellings have been provided, and a new spirit of hope and independence is to-day among the people. In towns legislation has been passed facilitating the housing of the working classes—a piece of legislation far in advance of anything obtained for the town tenants of England. We have a system of old-age pensions in Ireland whereby every old man and woman over seventy is safe from the workhouse and free to spend their last days in comparative comfort."
Such are the conditions which, in the eyes of Nationalist politicians, constitute a tyranny so intolerable as to justify Ireland in repudiating her fair share in the burden of war against the enemies of civilisation.
The appeal which the Nationalists make to the principle of "self-determination" strikes Ulster Protestants as singularly inappropriate. Mr. Dillon and his co-signatories have been careful not to inform your Excellency that it was their own opposition that prevented the question of Irish Government being settled in accordance with that principle in 1916. The British Government were prepared at that time to bring the Home Rule Act of 1914 into immediate operation, if the Nationalists had consented to exclude from its scope the distinctively Protestant population of the North, who desired to adhere to the Union. This compromise was rejected by the Nationalist leaders, whose policy was thus shown to be one of "self-determination" for themselves, combined with coercive domination over us.
It is because the British Government, while prepared to concede the principle of self-determination impartially to both divisions in Ireland, has declined to drive us forcibly into such subjection that the Nationalist Party conceive themselves entitled to resist the law of conscription. And the method by which this resistance has been made effective is, in our view, not less deplorable than the spirit that dictated it. The most active opponents of conscription in Ireland are men who have been twice detected during the war in treasonable traffic with the enemy, and their most powerful support has been that of ecclesiastics, who have not scrupled to employ weapons of spiritual terrorism which have elsewhere in the civilised world fallen out of political use since the Middle Ages.
The claim of these men, in league with Germany on the one hand, and with the forces of clericalism on the other, to resist a law passed by Parliament as necessary for national defence is, moreover, inconsistent with any political status short of independent sovereignty—status which could only be attained by Ireland by an act of secession from the United Kingdom, such as the American Union averted only by resort to civil war. In every Federal or other Constitution embracing subordinate legislatures the raising and control of military forces are matters reserved for the supreme legislative authority alone, and they are so reserved for the Imperial Parliament of the United Kingdom in the Home Rule Act of 1914, the "withholding" of which during the war is complained of by the Nationalists who have addressed your Excellency. The contention of these gentlemen that until the internal government of Ireland is changed in accordance with their demands, Ireland is justified in resisting the law of Conscription, is one that finds support in no intelligible theory of political science.
To us as Irishmen—convinced as we are of the righteousness of the cause for which we are fighting, and resolved that no sacrifice can be too great to "make the world safe for democracy"—it is a matter of poignant regret that the conduct of the Nationalist leaders in refusing to lay aside matters of domestic dispute, in order to put forth the whole strength of the country against Germany should have cast a stain on the good name of Ireland. We have done everything in our power to dissociate ourselves from their action, and we disclaim responsibility for it at the bar of posterity and history.
FOOTNOTES:
See Appendix A.
INDEX
- Abercorn, James, 2nd Duke of,
- Abercorn, James, 3rd Duke of, 257, 282
- Abercorn, Mary, Duchess of,
- President of the Women's Unionist Council, 37
- Adair, Gen. Sir Wm., at Larne, 217
- Afghan Campaign, 161
- Africa, South, War, 18
- Agar-Robartes, Hon. Thomas,
- Agnew, Capt. Andrew, viii, 193, 202, 210, 213, 214, 220
- Albert Hall, meetings at, 14, 21, 34, 71
- Alexander, Dr., Bishop of Derry, at the Albert Hall, 14
- Allen, C.E., 156
- Allen, W.J., 35
- Althorp, Lord, 138
- Altrincham, election, 155
- Amending Bill, 221, 223, 227;
- America, War of Independence, 273
- Amery, L.C.S.,
- Amiens, threatened capture of, 266
- Anderson, R.N., Mayor of Londonderry,
- Andrews, John M., letter to President Wilson, 296-299
- Andrews, Thomas, 33, 35, 48
- Anglo-German relations, 167, 201
- Annual Register, viii, 18 note, 21, 54 note, 76, 78 note, 138, 154 note, 155 note, 157 note, 166 note, 167note, 169 note, 170 note, 201 note, 222 note, 223 note, 238, 271 note, 272 note
- Archdale, E.M., 35;
- Armagh, military depot, 175, 176
- Armaghdale, Lord, 263;
- signs the Covenant, 122:
- see Lonsdale
- Armistice, the, 275
- Army, British, sympathy with Ulster Loyalists, 187-189
- Arran, Isle of, 175
- Asquith, Rt. Hon. H.H.,
- on the opposition of Ulster to Home Rule, 1, 2;
- at the Albert Hall, 21;
- Hull, 24;
- Reading, 24;
- Bury St. Edmunds, 25;
- opinion of Sir E. Carson's speech, 133;
- at Ladybank, 154;
- Manchester, 166;
- policy on the Ulster Question, 167-170;
- on the Curragh Incident, 180, 182;
- Secretary of State for War, 184;
- promises an Amending Bill, 221;
- on the landing of arms, 221;
- at the Buckingham Palace Conference, 227;
- on the postponement of the Amending Bill, 228, 230;
- defence of Home Rule Bill, 235;
- in Dublin, 244;
- on the settlement of the Irish question, 245;
- on the national danger, 266
- Attentive, H.M.S., 178
- Austrian rifles, 198
- Baird, J.D., at Belfast, 81
- Balfour, Rt. Hon. A.J.,
- Balfour, Lord, of Burleigh, signs the British Covenant, 170
- Ballycastle, 193
- Ballykinler, training camp, 237
- Ballymacarret, 225
- Ballymena, meeting at, 108
- Ballymoney, meeting at, 158
- Ballyroney, meeting at, 108
- Balmerino, s.s., 208, 209
- Balmoral, Belfast, meeting at, 79-86, 101
- Bangor, 214, 219
- Barrie, H.T., 257
- Bates, Richard Dawson, Secretary of the Ulster Unionist Council, 35, 121;
- Bedford, Duke of, Chairman of the British League for the support of Ulster, 147
- Belfast, 46;
- Belfast Lough, 46, 175, 211, 212
- Belfast Newsletter, 102 note, 111
- Benn, Sir John, 53
- Beresford, Lord Charles,
- Berwick, 149, 154
- Birrell, Rt. Hon. Augustine, Chief Secretary for Ireland,
- Blenheim, meeting at, 97
- Boyne, the, 2;
- Bradford, 172, 174, 175
- Bristol, 150, 166;
- Channel, 208
- Britannic, H.M.S., 224
- British Covenant, signing the, 170
- British League for the support of Ulster and the Union, formation, 147
- Browne, Robert, Managing Director of the Antrim Iron Ore Company, 193
- Brunner, Sir John, President of the National Liberal Federation, 167
- Buckingham Palace Conference, 227
- Budden, Captain, 196
- Budget, 19; "The People's," 20
- "Budget League," formed, 20
- Bull, Sir William, 195
- Bury St. Edmunds, 25
- Butcher, Sir J.G., at Belfast, 81
- Cambridge, H.R.H. Duke of, 187
- Cambridgeshire, election, 155
- Campbell, James, Lord Chancellor of Ireland, 57, 95, 109
- Canterbury, Dean of, signs the British Covenant, 170
- Carlyle, Thomas, 137
- Carrickfergus, military depot, 175, 176
- Carson, Lady, at Belfast, 236, 284
- Carson, Rt. Hon. Sir Edward, viii;
- accepts leadership, 39-41;
- political views, 41;
- at the Ulster Hall, 42, 108;
- at the Ulster Unionist Council meetings, 42, 246-248;
- relations with Lord Londonderry, 44, 53;
- on the Parliament Bill, 44;
- at the Craigavon meeting, 48-51, 210;
- character of his speaking, 48;
- at the Conference at Belfast, 52;
- at Dublin, 54;
- Portrush, 55;
- refuses leadership of Unionist Party, 60;
- meetings in Lancashire, 65;
- popularity, 66, 110, 148;
- at Belfast, 73, 157, 224-226, 257, 278;
- criticism of W. Churchill's speech, 74;
- on fiscal autonomy for Ireland, 77;
- at the Balmoral meeting, 81, 84;
- ovation, 85;
- attacks on, 87;
- on the Home Rule Bill, 90, 96;
- at the Londonderry House Conference, 94;
- on the resistance of Ulster, 98, 100;
- character of his leadership, 102;
- reads the Ulster Covenant, 105;
- tour of the Province, 110, 114;
- opinion of the Covenant, 111;
- presentation to, 115;
- speech on the Covenant, 116;
- at the service in the Ulster Hall, 118;
- at the City Hall, 120-124;
- signs the Covenant, 121;
- at Liverpool, 127;
- on the exclusion of Ulster, 133, 168;
- death of his wife, 148;
- at opening of drill hall, 148;
- in Scotland and England, 149;
- at Durham, 153;
- Chairman of the Central Authority, 156;
- Indemnity Guarantee Fund, 156;
- inspection of the Ulster Volunteer Force, 162, 164, 167, 223, 226;
- on the time limit for exclusion, 171;
- leaves the House of Commons, 173;
- on the plot against Ulster, 176;
- signs statement on the Curragh Incident, 186;
- interview with Major F.H. Crawford, 199, 210;
- congratulations from Lord Roberts, 220;
- at Ipswich, 222;
- at the Buckingham Palace Conference, 227;
- on the patriotism of Ulster, 231-233;
- tribute to B. Law, 236;
- second marriage, 236;
- tribute to Lord Londonderry, 241;
- appointed Attorney-General, 242;
- resignation, 242;
- on the Irish rebellion, 246;
- appointed First Lord of the Admiralty, 252;
- resignation, 263;
- re-elected leader of the Ulster Party, 263;
- member of the Irish Unionist Alliance, 265;
- on the Military Service Bill, 270;
- letter to President Wilson, 273, 296-299;
- M.P. for Duncairn, 275;
- declines office, 275;
- on the Government of Ireland Act, 279;
- conclusion of his leadership, 280;
- Lord of Appeal in Ordinary, 284;
- unable to be present at the opening of the Ulster Parliament, 284
- Casement, Sir Roger, 7, 158;
- in league with Germany, 243
- Cassel, Felix, at Belfast, 81
- Castlereagh, Viscount, 109, 230;
- Cavan, 248, 279
- Cave, Rt. Hon. George, 188;
- Cecil, Lord Hugh, at Belfast, 81, 109;
- Chamberlain, Rt. Hon. Austen,
- Chamberlain, Rt. Hon. Joseph, at Belfast, 13;
- Chambers, James, signs the Covenant, 121
- Chichester, Capt. the Hon. A.C.,
- Commander in the Ulster Volunteer Force, 163
- Childers, Mr. Erskine, on fiscal autonomy for Ireland, 76
- China Expeditionary Force, 161
- Chubb, Sir George Hayter, signs the British Covenant, 170
- Churchill, Mrs., at Belfast, 73
- Churchill, Lord Randolph, at Belfast, 13, 81;
- Churchill, Rt. Hon. Winston S., at Manchester, 19;
- Life of Lord Randolph Churchill, 30, 138;
- at Dundee, 54, 154;
- views on Home Rule, 62;
- projected visit to Belfast, 62-69;
- letter to Lord Londonderry, 69;
- change of plan, 69;
- reception at Belfast, 73;
- departure from, 74;
- on Home Rule, 95;
- letters on the Ulster menace, 99;
- on the resistance of Ulster, 138, 141;
- the policy of exclusion, 152;
- at Bradford, 172, 174, 175
- City Hall, Belfast, 119, 283
- Clark, Sir George, 156
- Clogher, Bishop of, signs the Covenant, 122
- Clydevalley, s.s., 211-213, 220;
- renamed, 214
- Coleraine, meeting at, 108, 114
- Comber, 82
- Copeland Island, 212, 214, 220
- Correspondence relating to Recent Events in the Irish Command, 185
- Covenant, British, signing the, 170
- Covenant, Ulster, draft, 104;
- Cowser, Richard, 210, 214
- Craig, Charles, 96, 147;
- Craig, James, member of the Ulster Unionist Council, 35;
- meeting at Craigavon, 46;
- gift for organisation, 46;
- member of the Commission of Five, 53;
- on the resistance of Ulster, 96;
- draft of the Covenant, 103;
- organises the demonstration, 111;
- presentation of a silver key and pen to Sir E. Carson, 115;
- Indemnity Guarantee Fund, 156;
- at the reviews of the U.V.F., 162, 164, 223;
- at Bangor, 217;
- at the Buckingham Palace Conference, 228;
- appointed Q.M.G. of the Ulster Division, 234;
- Treasurer of the Household, 253;
- resignation, 263;
- baronetcy, 275;
- Secretary to the Ministry of Pensions, 275;
- Secretary to the Admiralty, 281;
- resignation, 281;
- Prime Minister of the Northern Parliament, 281
- Craig, John, 103
- Craig, Mrs., presents colours to the U.V.F., 223
- Craigavon, meeting at, 45-51, 80, 105, 149, 210
- Crawford, Colonel F.H., viii;
- signs the Covenant, 123, 191;
- Commander in the U.V.F., 163;
- characteristics, 190; career, 191;
- Secretary of the Reform Club, 191;
- advertises for rifles, 191;
- Director of Ordnance, 192;
- method of procuring arms, 192-200;
- schooner, 192;
- agreement with B.S., 197-200;
- interview with Sir E. Carson, 199, 210;
- voyage in s.s. Fanny, 202-210;
- conveys arms from Hamburg, 203-213;
- attack of malaria, 207;
- declines to obey unsigned orders, 209;
- at Belfast, 210;
- purchases s.s. Clydevalley, 211, 212;
- lands the arms, 214;
- at Rosslare, 220;
- awarded the O.B.E., 284
- Crewe, election, 98, 99
- Crewe, Marq. of, 18, 23, 175;
- on the Amending Bill, 223
- Cromwell, Oliver, 136
- Crozier, Dr., Archbp. of Armagh, member of Provisional Government, 145
- Crumlin, meeting at, 108
- Curragh Incident, 174-189, 221
- Curzon, Marq., on the Parliament Bill, 44;
- Daily Express, The, 225
- Daily Mail, The, 225
- Daily News, The, 114, 166
- Daily Telegraph, The, 111, 225
- D'Arcy, Dr., Primate of All Ireland, 118;
- signs the Covenant, 121
- Darlington, 149
- Davis, Jefferson, 137
- Democracy, axiom of, 15
- Derbyshire, election, 222
- Derry, relief of, 13, 85;
- Desborough, Lord, signs the British Covenant, 170
- Devlin, Joseph, 6, 127, 172, 174, 275;
- Devonshire, 8th Duke of, views on Home Rule, 128, 134;
- Dicey, Prof., signs the British Covenant, 170
- Dickson, Scott, at Belfast, 81;
- Dillon, John, 6, 174;
- Donaghadee, 214, 219
- Donald, Thompson, letter to Pres. Wilson, 296-299
- Donegal, 248, 279
- Doreen, s.s., 207, 210;
- at Lundy, 208
- Dorset Regiment, transferred to Holywood, 177, 178
- Dromore, meeting at, 108
- Dublin, insurrection, 4, 243;
- Dufferin and Ava, Dow. Marchioness of, 113
- Duke, Rt. Hon. H.E., Chief Secretary for Ireland, 253
- Duncairn, election, 275
- Dundalk, 178
- Dundee, 54, 154
- Dunleath, Lord, 156
- Durham, Sir E. Carson at, 153
- East Fife, 25
- Edinburgh, 24, 101;
- Edward VII, King, death, 23
- Election, General, of 1886, 16;
- Elections, result of, 99, 155, 222
- Emmet, Robert, 7, 46, 142
- Enniskillen, meeting at, 108, 114;
- Erne, Earl of, member of the Ulster Unionist Council, 35;
- Ewart, G.H., President of the Belfast Chamber of Commerce, 157
- Ewart, Sir William, member of the Ulster Unionist Council, 35;
- signs the Covenant, 121
- Fanny, s.s., voyage, viii, 202-213;
- Farnham, Lord, at the Ulster Unionist Council meeting, 248, 279;
- Irish Unionist Alliance, 265
- Ferguson, John, & Co., 196
- Fiennes, Mr., at Belfast, 73
- Finance Bill, rejected, 19
- Finlay, Sir Robert, at Belfast, 81;
- at the Balmoral meeting, 86
- Fishguard, 213
- Flavin, Mr., on the Military Service Bill, 269
- Fleming, Henry, letter to Pres. Wilson, 296-299
- Flood, Henry, patriotism, 7
- Foyle, the, 87, 214
- Freemason's Journal, The, 72, 287
- French, F.M., Viscount, member of the Army Council, 176;
- Frewen, Miss, marriage, 236; see Carson
- Friend, General, 177
- Gambetta, Léon, 9
- George V, King, Conference at Buckingham Palace, 228;
- George, Rt. Hon. D. Lloyd, Chancellor of the Exchequer, Budget, 19;
- at Edinburgh, 24;
- on the exclusion of Ulster, 152;
- Anglo-German relations, 167, 201;
- opinion of Sir E. Carson's speech, 168;
- plot against Ulster, 174;
- at Ipswich, 222;
- the Buckingham Palace Conference, 227;
- Secretary of State for War, 245;
- negotiations for the settlement of the Irish question, 245, 247, 250;
- Prime Minister, 252;
- on Home Rule, 254;
- alternative proposals, 255;
- statement on the war, 266, 268;
- Military Service Bill, 268;
- letter to B. Law, 276 note;
- basic facts on the Irish Question, 277;
- Government of Ireland Act, 278
- German rifles, 198
- Gibson, T.H., Sec. of Ulster Unionist Council, 35;
- resignation, 35
- Gilmour, Captain, at Belfast, 81
- Gladstone, Rt. Hon. W.E., 138;
- Glasgow, 22, 78;
- meeting at, 149
- Goschen, Viscount, views on Home Rule, 16, 128
- Goudy, Prof., signs the British Covenant, 170
- Gough, General Sir Hugh, commanding the 3rd Cavalry Brigade, 180;
- Government of Ireland Act, 51, 278
- Graham, John Washington, 194
- Grattan, Henry, patriotism, 7
- Greenwood, Sir Hamar, at Belfast, 73;
- Chief Secretary for Ireland, 285
- Grey, Earl, on the Home Rule Bill, 134
- Grey, Sir Edward, on the Home Rule Bill, 95;
- at Berwick, 154
- Griffith, Arthur, arrested, 271;
- deported, 295
- Griffith-Boscawen, Sir Arthur, at Belfast, 81
- Grimsby, election, 222
- Guest, Capt. Frederick, at Belfast, 72
- Guinness, Walter, supports exclusion of Ulster, 95
- Gun-barrel Proof Act, 196
- Haldane, Viscount, 130, 185
- Halifax, Lord, 136, 141
- Hall, Frank, 121
- Halsbury, Earl of, 151
- Hamburg, Col. Crawford at, 198
- Hamilton, Lord Claud, at Belfast, 81;
- Provisional Government, 145
- Hamilton, George C., M.P. for Altrincham, 155
- Hamilton, Gustavus, Governor of Enniskillen, 48
- Hamilton, Marq. of, interest in the Ulster Movement, 109;
- signs the Covenant, 122
- Hammersmith Armoury, 195;
- seizure of arms at, 196
- Hanna, J., 257
- Harding, Canon, 158
- Harland and Wolff, Messrs., 191
- Harrison, Frederic, on the Ulster Question, 169
- Hartington, Marq. of, views on Home Rule, 16
- Health Insurance Act, 222
- Healy, T.M., 18, 22;
- Henry, Denis, member of the Ulster Unionist Council, 35
- Hickman, Colonel Thomas, member of Provisional Government, 145;
- Hills, J.W., at Belfast, 81
- Holland, Bernard, Life of the Eighth Duke of Devonshire, 136 note, 139 note
- Holywood, 46, 177, 178
- Home Rule, 23-29;
- Home Rule Bill, 13, 16, 17, 90-97, 131, 133, 149;
- Home Rule Bill, Amending Bill, 221, 223, 227, 228, 230
- Hull, Mr. Asquith at, 24
- Ilfracombe, 54
- Indemnity Guarantee Fund, subscriptions, 156, 163
- Ipswich, election, 222
- Ireland, two nations, 2, 84;
- rebellions, 6;
- animosity of rival creeds, 9;
- condition, 17, 19, 298;
- insurrection, 27;
- fiscal autonomy, 76-78;
- financial clauses of the Home Rule Bill, 91;
- prohibition of the importation of arms, 166;
- Easter Rebellion, 243;
- exemption from conscription, 268;
- German plot in, 271;
- agitation against conscription, 272;
- anarchy, 279
- Ireland, Council of, 278
- Ireland, Government of, Act, 2, 278-280
- Ireland, Northern, Parliament, 280-282
- Irish Convention, 255-262;
- Irish News, The, 114
- Irish Republican Army, system of terrorism, 277
- Irish Republican Brotherhood, 243
- Irish Unionist Alliance, 30, 265;
- co-operation with the Ulster Unionist Council, 37
- Islandmagee, 218
- Italian Vetteli rifles, 197, 198, 201
- James II, King, 139, 141
- Johnston, James, Lord Mayor of Belfast, letter to Pres. Wilson, 273, 296-299
- Kelly, Sam, 209
- Kelly, Thomas, letter to Pres. Wilson, 287-295
- Kennedy, Sir Robert, member of Provisional Government, 143
- Kettle, Prof. T.M., on fiscal autonomy for Ireland, 76
- Kiel, 204
- Kingstown, cruisers at, 178
- Kipling, Rudyard, "Ulster 1912," 79, 129;
- signs the British Covenant, 170
- Kitchener, F.M. Earl, 230, 238
- Kossuth, 136
- Labour Party, 22, 26
- Ladybank, Mr. Asquith at, 154
- Lamlash, battleships at, 175
- Lane-Fox, George, at Belfast, 81
- Langeland, 204
- Lansdowne, Marq. of, scheme of reform for the House of Lords, 24;
- Larne, 74, 81, 212, 214
- Law, Rt. Hon. A. Bonar, leader of Unionist Party, 28, 60;
- on Home Rule, 28, 131;
- at the Albert Hall, 71;
- on fiscal autonomy for Ireland, 78;
- at the Balmoral meeting, 80-86;
- reception at Larne, 81;
- his speech, 84;
- indictment against the Government, 90, 172, 174, 235;
- on the resistance of Ulster, 91, 95, 98;
- messages from, 115, 149;
- at Wallsend, 154;
- Bristol, 166;
- on the exclusion of Ulster, 169, 171;
- demands inquiry into the Curragh Incident, 185;
- on the Amending Bill, 222;
- at the Buckingham Palace Conference, 227;
- at Belfast, 236;
- tribute to, 236;
- at the Ulster Hall, 237;
- warning to the Nationalists, 255;
- on the Military Service Bill, 269, 271
- Lecky, W.E.H., History of England in the Eighteenth Century, 274 note
- Leeds, meeting at, 149
- Leo XIII, Pope, 8
- Leslie, Shane, Henry Edward Manning, 8 note
- Liberal Party, policy, 16;
- Liddell, R.M., 156
- Lincoln, Abraham, 40;
- saying of, 15
- Linlithgow, election, 155
- Lisburn, meeting at, 108, 114
- Liverpool, 127
- Liverpool Daily Courier, The, extract from, 165
- Liverpool Daily Post and Mercury, 159 note
- Llandudno, 212
- Lloyd, Mr. George, at Belfast, 81
- Logue, Cardinal, 10
- London School of Economics, conference at, 76
- Londonderry House, conference at, 92, 94, 147
- Londonderry, Marchioness of,
- Londonderry, 6th Marq. of, viii;
- on Home Rule, 28;
- Ulster Unionist Council, 35;
- popularity, 43;
- character, 44;
- relations with Sir E. Carson, 44, 53;
- on the Parliament Bill, 44;
- Conference at Belfast, 52;
- at the Ulster Hall meeting, 62, 106, 108;
- the Ulster Unionist Council meetings, 65, 67;
- reply to W. Churchill, 69;
- at Belfast, 73;
- at the Balmoral meeting, 84;
- signs the Covenant, 121;
- at the Ulster Club, 125;
- Liverpool, 127;
- on the House of Lords, 134;
- President of the Ulster Unionist Council, 145;
- Indemnity Guarantee Fund, 156;
- at the reviews of the U.V.F., 164, 223;
- on the Curragh Incident, 186;
- on the Amending Bill, 223;
- at Enniskillen, 227;
- despondency, 240;
- death, 241;
- tribute to, 241
- Londonderry, 7th Marq. of, viii;
- Long, Rt. Hon. Walter, 147;
- founder of the Union Defence League, 37;
- leader of the Irish Unionists, 38;
- at the Ulster Hall, 42;
- candidate for the leadership of the Unionist Party, 60;
- at Belfast, 81, 224;
- at the Balmoral meeting, 84, 86;
- the Londonderry House conference, 92;
- message from, 115;
- on the policy of the Government, 170;
- signs the British Covenant, 170;
- chairman of a Cabinet Committee on the Irish Question, 277
- Lonsdale, Sir John B., member of the Ulster Unionist Council, 35;
- Lords, House of,
- Loreburn, Lord, letters to The Times, 152, 165
- Lough Laxford, 203, 206, 207
- Lough, Thomas, on fiscal autonomy for Ireland, 76
- Lovat, Lord, signs the British Covenant, 170
- Lowther, Rt. Hon. James, at the Buckingham Palace Conference, 227
- Loyal Orange Institution, 31
- Lundy, 208
- Lyons, W.H.H., 35
- Macdonnell, Lord, on fiscal autonomy for Ireland, 76
- Mackinder, H.J., at Belfast, 81
- Macnaghten, Sir Charles, member Provisional Government, 145
- Macnaghten, Lord, Lord of Appeal, 140, 145;
- signs the Covenant, 122
- MacNeill, John, letter to Pres. Wilson, 287-295
- Mahan, Admiral, 130
- Maine, Sir H., Popular Government, extract from, 14
- Malcolm, Sir Ian, at Belfast, 81
- Manchester, 77, 166;
- election, 99
- Manchester Guardian, The, 166
- Manning, Cardinal, on Home Rule, 8
- Mary, H.M., Queen, at the opening of the Ulster Parliament, 282;
- reception in Belfast, 283
- Massereene, Lady, presents colours to the Ulster Volunteer Force, 223
- Massingham, Mr., 166
- Masterman, Rt. Hon. C.F.G., 170, 222
- Mazzini, 136
- McCalmont, Col. James, Ulster Unionist Council, 35;
- Commander of a U.V.F regiment, 163
- McCammon, Mr., 121
- McDowell, Sir Alexander, criticism of the Ulster Covenant, 104
- McMordie, Mr., Lord Mayor of Belfast,
- Meath election petition in 1892, 10
- Melbourne, Lord, 136
- Mersey, the, 127
- Midleton, Earl of, at the Irish Convention, 260;
- Midlothian, election, 99
- Military Service Act, ii., 268-272
- Milner, Viscount, signs the British Covenant, 170;
- on the Amending Bill, 223
- Moles, Thomas, viii;
- Chairman of Committee in the Northern Parliament, 282
- Molyneux, patriotism, 7
- Monaghan, 248, 279
- Montgomery, B.W.D., Secretary of the Ulster Club, 103
- Montgomery, Dr., 118
- Montgomery, Major-Gen., member of Provisional Government, 145
- Moore, William, Ulster Unionist Council, 35;
- Morley, Viscount, Life of Gladstone, 17;
- Motu Proprio, Vatican decree, 11
- Mount Stewart, 82, 225
- Mountjoy, the, 87, 214
- Mountjoy II, s.s., cargo landed at Larne, 214, 218
- Moyle, the, 193
- Musgrave Channel, 211, 217
- Musgrave, Henry, 156
- Nation, The, 158
- National Insurance Bill, 53
- Nationalist Party, in the House of Commons, 22, 26;
- Nationalists, the, compared with the Ulster Unionists, 2;
- Nationality, root of, 2;
- Navy, reduction of, 167, 201
- Nec Temere, Vatican decree, 11
- Neild, Herbert, at Belfast, 81
- Newcastle, 149, 153;
- training camp, 237
- Newman, Cardinal, 5
- Newry, 177
- Newtownards, 225;
- Nineteenth Century, The, 183 note, 239 note
- Nonconformists, 9;
- opposition to Home Rule, 155
- Northcliffe, Viscount, 225
- Norwich, Ulster members at, 150
- O'Brien, William, 22;
- Observer, The, 84, 115 note, 225
- O'Connell, Daniel, 7
- O'Connor, T.P., 127, 174, 275;
- on Home Rule, 253
- Omagh, military depot, 175, 176
- Omash, Miss, viii
- O'Neill, Capt. Hon. Arthur, 230;
- O'Neill, Major Hugh, serves in the war, 242;
- Speaker of the Northern Parliament, 282
- O'Neill, Hugh, Earl of Tyrone, 7
- O'Neill, Laurence, Lord Mayor of Dublin,
- O'Neill, Hon. R.T., member of the Ulster Unionist Council, 35
- Ormsby-Gore, Capt. the Hon. W.G.A., at Belfast, 81
- O'Shea, divorce, 17
- Paget, Sir Arthur, Commander-in-Chief in Ireland,
- Parliament, assembled, 23, 131, 167;
- Parliament Act, 23, 27, 43-45, 53, 91
- Parliamentary Debates, viii, 29 note, 142, 179 note, 181 note, 185 note
- Parnell, Charles, saying of, 6;
- Pathfinder, H.M.S., 178
- Patriotic, R.M.S., 128
- Peel, Sir Robert, 138
- Peel, W., at Belfast, 81
- "People's Budget," 20;
- rejection, 42
- Percival-Maxwell, Col., Privy Councillor, 284
- Phoenix Park murders, 243
- Pirrie, Lord, unpopularity in Belfast, 63;
- peerage conferred, 284
- Pitt, Rt. Hon. William, 15
- Plunkett, Sir Horace, Chairman of the Irish Convention, 257, 261;
- letter to Lloyd George, 264
- Pollock, Sir Ernest, at Belfast, 81
- Pollock, H.M., member of the Irish Convention, 257, 262
- Portadown, meeting at, 108, 114
- Portland, Duke of, signs the British Covenant, 170
- Portrush, 55, 193
- Presbyterian Church, General Assembly of the, 155
- Presbyterians, political views, 12
- Preston, George, subscription to the Indemnity Guarantee Fund, 156
- Prisoners, release of, 256
- Protestants, Irish, distrust of Roman Catholics, 9;
- dislike of clerical influence, 10
- Ramsay, Sir W., signs the British Covenant, 170
- Ranfurly, Earl of, organises the Ulster Loyalist Union, 30, 37;
- member of the Unionist Council, 35
- Raphoe, Bishop of, member of the Irish Convention, 258, 260-262
- Rawlinson, J.F.P., at Belfast, 81
- Reade, R.H., 35
- Reading, Mr. Asquith at, 24;
- election, 155
- Redistribution Act, 275
- Redmond, Capt., 275
- Redmond, John, 174;
- on the national movement, 7;
- policy, 22;
- on Home Rule, 27, 54;
- with Mr. W. Churchill in Belfast, 63, 68;
- opinion of Sir E. Carson's speech, 133;
- protests against Amending Bill, 222;
- at Buckingham Palace Conference, 227;
- conditional offer of help in the war, 231, 233;
- tribute to, 239;
- patriotism, 239;
- refuses office, 242;
- at Dublin, 249;
- on the exclusion of Ulster, 250;
- manifesto, 254;
- at the Irish Convention, 260-262;
- death, 262;
- on the condition of Ireland, 298
- Redmond, Major W., his speech in the House, 253;
- killed in the war, 253
- Reform Club, Belfast, 122, 124, 191
- Reid, Whitelaw, 274
- Renan, E., on the root of nationality, 2
- Reynolds's Newspaper, 89
- Richardson, Gen. Sir George, Commander-in-Chief of the U.V.F., 161, 197;
- Rifles, seized by Government, 161, 195;
- Roberts, F.M. Earl, 130, 188;
- Robertson, Rt. Hon. J.M., Secretary to the Board of Trade,
- Rochdale, Unionist Association at, 99
- Roe, Owen, 7
- Roman Catholics, Irish, disloyalty 9;
- Rosebery, Earl of, 15, 18;
- Rosslare, 220
- Royal Irish Rifles, the 5th, 57
- Russia, collapse of, 268
- Russian rifles, 198
- S.B., the Hebrew dealer in firearms, 197;
- St. Aldwyn, Viscount, on the King's Prerogative, 151
- Salisbury, Marq. of, at Belfast, 13, 81;
- Salvidge, Mr., Alderman of Liverpool, 127, 128;
- signs the British Covenant, 170
- Samuel, Mr. Herbert, at Belfast, 54
- Sanderson, Colonel, Chairman of the Ulster Parliamentary Party, 35, 38
- Saturday Review, The, extract from, 70
- Sclater, Edward, Secretary of the Unionist Clubs, 53
- Scotland, the Covenant, 103
- Scotsman, The, 101, 225, 274 note
- Seely, Col. Sec. of State for War, letter to Sir A. Paget, 175;
- Seymour, Adm. Sir E., signs British Covenant, 170
- Sharman-Crawford, Col., member of the Ulster Unionist Council, 35;
- of the Commission of Five, 53
- Shaw, Lord, Letters to Isabel, 18 note
- Shiel Park, meeting at, 128
- Shipyards, observance of Ulster Day, 117
- Shortt, Rt. Hon. E., Chief Secretary for Ireland, 272
- Simon, Sir John, 175
- Sinclair, Rt. Hon. Thomas, at the Ulster Convention, 33;
- Sinn Fein party, refuse to join the Convention, 255;
- Sinn Feinism, spirit of, 4
- Skipton, 167
- Smiley, Kerr, 156
- Smith, Rt. Hon. F.E. (Lord Birkenhead), on the policy of Ulster, 97, 98;
- Smith, Mr. Harold, 109
- Solemn League and Covenant, 104;
- see Ulster
- Somme, battle of the, 234
- Spectator, The, 225
- Spender, Col. W. Bliss, U.V.F., 197, 203, 207, 215;
- awarded the O.B.E., 284
- Standard, The, 70, 118, 225
- Star, The, extract from, 89
- Stronge, Sir James, member of the Ulster Unionist Council, 35
- Stuart-Wortley, Mr., at Belfast, 81
- Submarine warfare, 253
- Suffragists' campaign, 167
- Swift, patriotism, 7
- Tariff Reform policy, 18, 19;
- Templetown, Lord, founds the Unionist Clubs, 30, 31
- Thiepval, battle at, 234
- Times, The, 32, 64, 69, 71, 77, 79, 82, 84, 99, 110, 115, 124, 126,139, 140, 153, 172, 182, 187, 225;
- Tirah Expedition, 161
- Tone, Wolfe, 7, 46, 142
- Tramp steamer, diverts suspicion, 217
- Turkington, James A., letter to Pres. Wilson, 296-299
- Tuskar Light, 210, 211
- Tyrone, contingent of Orangemen, 57
- Ulster, use of the term, vii;
- opposition to Home Rule, 1, 2, 30;
- loyalty, 2-4, 33, 63, 139-143, 251;
- ancestry, 8;
- political views, 12;
- landlords and tenants, 12;
- mottoes, 13, 33;
- reluctant acceptance of a separate constitution, 14;
- organisations, 30-38;
- policy, 33, 51, 75, 77, 92, 93-100, 133, 136-143;
- military drilling, 57;
- characteristics of the people, 101;
- time limit for exclusion, 171;
- plot against, 174;
- emigrants in America, 274, 297;
- result of the Government of Ireland Act, 280
- Ulster, British League for the support of, formed, 147
- Ulster Club, Belfast, 125
- Ulster, Convention of 1892, 80, 109
- Ulster Covenant, draft, 104;
- Ulster Day, 165, 236; religious observance, 107, 117
- Ulster Division, 1st Brigade, training, 237;
- recruiting, 238
- Ulster Hall, 283;
- Ulster Loyalist Anti-Repeal Union, 37
- Ulster Loyalist and Patriotic Union, 30
- Ulster Movement, vii, 1
- Ulster Parliament, appointment of Ministers, 281-2;
- opened, 282-6
- Ulster Provisional Government, 53, 145, 156, 163;
- Ulster Unionist Clubs, founded, 30-1
- Ulster Unionist Council, vii, 35;
- Ulster Unionist Members of Parliament, 38;
- tour in Scotland and England, 149
- Ulster Unionists, letter to Pres. Wilson, 273, 296-299
- Ulster Volunteer Force, 58, 113, 137, 160;
- Indemnity Guarantee Fund, 156, 163;
- growth, 158, 160;
- parades, 162, 163-165, 167, 223, 226;
- strength, 168;
- arming the, 192-200, 223;
- organisation, 215;
- despatch-riders' corps, 215;
- trial mobilisation, 216;
- presentation of colours, 223;
- volunteer for service in the war, 229;
- organisation and training of the Division, 234
- Ulster Women's Unionist Association, work of the, 166
- Ulster Women's Unionist Council, formed, 37;
- meeting, 113
- "Ulster 1912," Rudyard Kipling's, 79, 129
- "Ulster's Reward," William Watson's, 129
- Union Defence League, in London, 37
- Unionist Associations of Ireland, joint committee, 37
- Unionist Party, administration, 18, 20;
- Unionists, Southern manifesto, 265;
- Valera, E. De, M.P. for East Clare, 256;
- Vatican decrees, 11
- Vickers & Co., Messrs., 194
- Victoria, Queen, 136
- Wallace, Col. R.H., member of the Ulster Unionist Council, 35;
- Wallsend, 154
- Walter, Mr. John, 225
- War, the Great, 27, 228, 266
- War Office, treatment of Gen. Gough, 181
- Ward, Lieut.-Col. John,
- Warden, F.W., 72 note
- Washington, George, 273, 291
- Watson, Sir William, "Ulster's Reward," 129
- Waziri Expedition, 161
- Westminster Gazette, 114;
- cartoon, 87
- Whig Revolution of 1688, 31
- White Paper, 175 note, 176 note, 177 note, 178 note, 179 note,180 note, 181 note, 185, 187 note, 188
- William III, King, banner, 115
- Willoughby de Broke, Lord, 109
- Wilson, President,
- Wimborne, Lord, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, resignation, 272
- Wolff, G., 35
- Wolseley, Viscount, 187
- Women's Unionist Council, Ulster,
- Workman and Clark, Messrs., 214
- Workman, Frank, 157
- Wynyard, Lord Londonderry's death at, 241
- Yarmouth, 207
- York, 149
- York, Archbp. of, on the Home Rule Bill, 134
- Yorkshire Post, The, 149, 163
- Young, Rt. Hon. John,
- Young, W.R.,
- Zhob Valley Field Force, expedition, 161