[1] See Chapter XI.
INDEX
A
Adakh Island, Chirikoff at, 51.
Admiralty Inlet, explored, 270-271.
Adventure, first American ship built on Pacific, 233, 234, 238, 325.
Alaska, Bering's expedition on coast of, 26 ff.; Chirikoff's arrival at, 50-51; Benyowsky's visit to, 125; Cook explores coast of, 189-194; Gray's trip to, 238; Vancouver's survey of southern coast of, 286-290; Baranof's career in, 318-337.
Aleutian Islands, Bering's voyage of discovery among, 26-41; sea-otter's habitat on, 42, 53, 56, 63, 66-67, 69-70, 82-83; fur hunters of the, 67-78, 81-84, 321-323, 328-330.
Aleut Indians, as otter-hunters, 69-78; harsh treatment of, by Russians, 79, 81-88; Russian hunters massacred by, 91-95, 100-104; punishment of, 105; in Sitka massacre, 307-310, 332; accompany Baranof on voyage of vengeance, 311-314; with Baranof in Prince William Sound, 322 ff.
Alexander Archipelago, Chirikoff in the, 46-52.
Alexis, Aleut Indian boy hostage, 98, 99, 102.
Anderson, Dr., with Cook, 193.
Anton, Juan de, captain of Glory of the South Seas, 158 n.
Apraxin, Count, 8 n.
Archangel Michael, modern Sitka once named, 306; founding of, by Baranof, 306, 331-332; massacre at, 307-310, 332.
Arguello, Don Joseph, 241.
Aricara, Drake at, 155.
Astor, John Jacob, 65, 212, 303, 318, 322, 333.
Athabasca Lake, attempt to identify, with Northwest Passage, 174, 175.
Atka, otter grounds at, 69.
Atto, Hawaiian boy, 229, 233, 240.
Attoo, village in, destroyed by Russian fur hunters, 83.
Auteroche, Chappe d', cited, 295.
Avacha Bay, Bering at, 17, 19, 23; survivors of Bering expedition return to, 59-60; vessels of Cook's expedition at, 208.
B
Baker, lieutenant in Vancouver's expedition, 266, 270.
Baker, Mount, 270.
Baltimore, Benyowsky visits, 127.
Bancroft, Hubert Howe, cited, 241, 290, 295.
Baranof, Alexander, governor of Russian American Fur Company, 67, 167 n., 288, 301, 304, 306, 310; character of, 316-317; personal appearance of, 317; early career of, 317-318; sails to America (1790), 318; wrecked on Oonalaska, 319-320; builds boat and reaches Kadiak, 321; defeats hostile Indians at Nuchek Island, 323-324; establishes fort at Sitka, 331; loses fort by Sitka massacre, but rebuilds and founds New Archangel (modern Sitka), 332-333; in old age deposed from governorship, 335-336; death of, 337.
Baranof Castle, Sitka, 301.
Barber, Captain, at Sitka, 310.
Barclay, English sea-captain, 224, 227, 254, 264, 272.
Barnes, sailor with Gray, 230.
Barrell, Joseph, 211, 215, 229, 241.
Bassof, otter hunter, 82-83.
Begg, cited, 290 n.
Behm Canal, 286.
Benyowsky, Mauritius, Polish exile to Kamchatka, 108-110; career of, at Bolcheresk, 113-122; escapes to sea on pirate cruise, 122; meets Ochotyn at Bering Island, 123-124; visits Alaska, 125; adventures of, in Luzon, Formosa, and China, 126-127; holds French commission in Madagascar, 137; returns to Europe, goes to Baltimore, and is sent on filibustering expedition to Madagascar, 127; death of, 127-128; authorities for, 128 n.
Berg, cited, 11 n., 22 n., 129, 295.
Bering, Anna, 8 n.
Bering, Jonas, 8 n.
Bering, Thomas, 22 n.
Bering, Unos, 22.
Bering, Vitus Ivanovich, birth and early history of, 8; commissioned by Peter the Great to explore waters between Russia and America, 8-10; first expedition of (1725-1730), 10-12; second expedition undertaken by, 12; difficulties of, with scientists about "Gamaland," 13-15, 19, 22, 24; arrival of expedition of, at Okhotsk, 16; start of, from Avacha Bay, Kamchatka (1741), 17; cruise of, in St. Peter, 22-45; landfall at Kyak Island, 26-27, 47 n.; Mt. St. Elias discovered by, 26; exploration of coast of Alaskan peninsula by, 28-36; forced to winter at Commander Islands, 35-36; death of, 54; summary of work of, 55-56, 61; conclusions of, rejected by scientists, 172-173; mentioned in connection with other explorers, 183, 184 n., 239, 263, 264; Cook verifies conclusions of, 189-194.
Bering Bay, 288.
Bering Island, 37-45, 97, 123-124, 300, 315.
Betshevin, Siberian merchant, 84, 87.
Bidarkas, fur hunters' boats, 67.
Billings, Joseph, 254, 258, 259-261.
Boit, John, 230.
Bolcheresk, capital of Kamchatka, 113-114; description of, 114; Benyowsky's career at, 114-122.
Boston, interest at, in Gray's expeditions, 215-216, 229-230, 240-241.
"Bostons" (Bostonnais), Indians call all Americans, 210.
Brazil, Drake's lost sailors in, 152.
Bristol Bay, 193.
Broughton, Lieutenant, 266, 271, 279, 280, 281; Voyage by, cited, 295 n.
Brown, Samuel, of Boston, 211, 229.
Brown, Dr. William, Ledyard travels with, 258-259.
Bulfinch, Charles, 211, 212; daughter of, named "Columbia," 240.
Bulfinch, Dr., of Boston, 211, 241.
Burney, Voyages by, 295 n.
Burrard Inlet, 273.
Burroughs, John, cited, 72 n.
Bute Inlet, 274.
C
California, Drake's visit to, 160-165, 169-171; Vancouver's visit to, 281-282; Russian American Fur Company in, 315.
California, vessel for exploration, 174.
Callao, Drake sacks, 155-156.
Campbell, Dr., quoted, 172-173.
Cannibals, Cook's stay among, 187; on Portland Canal, 230.
Cape Adams, 280.
Cape Addington, 46.
Cape Disappointment, 224, 235, 267, 269, 279, 280.
Cape Douglas, 191.
Cape Elizabeth, 191.
Cape Flattery, 185, 223, 224, 235, 270.
Cape Foulweather, 184.
Cape Gregory, 184.
Cape Horn, Drake discovers, 153; Gray expedition rounds, 216-217.
Cape Khitroff, 41.
Cape Lookout, 219.
Cape Meares, 224.
Cape Perpetua, 184.
Cape Prince of Wales, 193, 208.
Captain Harbor, 300; Drusenin at, 89; Ledyard's arrival at, 250.
Carder, Peter, 152 n.
Cartier, Jacques, 272.
Caswell, Joshua, 230.
Catherine, Empress, 7.
Chaplin, Peter, 11 n.
Chatham, Lieutenant Broughton commands, in Vancouver cruise, 266.
Chesterfield Inlet, 174-175.
Chinook, Indian village, 281.
Chirikoff, Alexei, Bering's second in command, 11, 13, 18, 19, 20, 60; cruise of, in the St. Paul, 45-53.
Christopher, Captain, 175.
Christopher, Drake's vessel, 147.
Christy, Silver Map of, 168.
Chukchee Indians, 5, 9, 193, 194, 318.
Clayoquot, Gray at, 227, 232-234.
Clerke, Captain, 181, 203, 206, 207, 208; death of, 209.
Cleveland, Captain, Boston trader, 295, 331-332.
Collectors of tribute, Cossack, 5, 107, 294-296, 299.
Columbia, vessel commanded by Captain Kendrick, on cruise to Pacific, 212-213, 215; Gray in command of, 228, 268-269.
Columbia River, Meares searches for, 224; Vancouver misses, 235, 267-268; Heceta quoted regarding, 235-236; Gray discovers and names, 236-238, 241, 268, 269; Broughton's trip up, 280.
Commander Islands, Bering expedition at, 37-45, 61; sea-otter found on, 67, 76.
Cook, Captain James, 19, 64 n., 78, 127, 128 n., 161, 168, 222, 226, 263, 264, 265; boyhood and youth of, 176-177; seaman on Newcastle coaler, 177; enters Royal Navy, 178-180; Society on voyage to South Seas (1768-1771), 180-181; makes voyage round the world, 181; starts on historic voyage of discovery and exploration, 181; John Ledyard's connection with expedition of, 181-182, 247; terms of secret commission of, 182-183; Drake's "New Albion" sighted by, 184; misses Straits of Fuca, 184-185; anchors at Nootka, 186; visits Kyak Island, 189; in Prince William Sound, 190-191; explores Cook's Inlet, 191-192; sails along coast of Alaska to Cape Prince of Wales, and crosses Bering Strait to Siberia, 193; verifies Bering's conclusions, 193-194; explores Norton Sound, 195; stops at Oonalaska, 195-196; returns to Sandwich Islands to winter, 196-197; friendly reception of, by Hawaiians, 197-199; sailors of, abuse hospitality of natives, 199-200; difficulties of, over boat stolen by natives, 203; brave stand taken by, and death of, 203-205; authorities for, 209 n.; account of voyage of, leads to sending out of Robert Gray, 211; Gray's work and its results compared with those of, 239-240.
Cook's Inlet, sea-otter in, 66-67, 68, 69, 79; explored by Cook, 189-192; Vancouver's survey of, 287-288; Russian fur traders' doings in, 326-327.
Coquimbo, Drake at, 154.
Cortés, 133-134.
Coxe, William, cited, 61, 82, 105, 295.
Crowning of Drake by Indians, 164.