FOOTNOTES:
[AG] The vote for Belgium is estimated. The Liberals and the Socialists combined at the last election in opposition to the Clericals, and together polled over 1,200,000 votes. The British Socialist Year Book, 1913, estimates the total Socialist vote at about 600,000.
[AH] Above data taken from International News Letter of National Trade Union Centers, Berlin, May 30, 1913.
[AI] "The general strike," Engels said, "is in Bakounin's program the lever which must be applied in order to inaugurate the social revolution.... The proposition is far from being new; some French socialists, and, after them, some Belgian socialists have since 1848 shown a partiality for riding this beast of parade." This appeared in a series of articles written for Der Volksstaat in 1873 and republished in the pamphlet "Bakunisten an der Arbeit."
AUTHORITIES
CHAPTER I
(1) Macaulay, Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous Essays: The Earl of Chatham, p. 3.
(2) Bakounin, Œuvres, Vol. III, p. 21. (P. V, Stock, Paris, 1912-1913.)
(3) Idem, Vol. II, p. xiv.
(4) Idem, Vol. II, p. xlvii.
(5) L'Alliance de la Démocratie Socialiste et l'Association Internationale des Travailleurs, p. 121. (Secret Statutes of the Alliance.) A. Darson, London, and Otto Meissner, Hamburg, 1873.
(6) Idem, p. 125. (Secret Statutes of the Alliance.)
(7) Idem, p. 128. (Secret Statutes of the Alliance.)
(8) Idem, p. 11. (The Secret Alliance.)
(9) Idem, p. 129. (Secret Statutes of the Alliance.)
(10) Bakounin, op. cit., Vol. II, p. viii.
(11) L'Alliance, etc., p. 95.
(12) Bakounin, op. cit., Vol. II, p. viii.
(13) Idem, Vol. II, p. xxiii.
(14) Quoted in L'Alliance, etc., p. 112.
(15) Idem, p. 117.
(16) L'Alliance, etc., p. 129. (Secret Statutes of the Alliance.)
(17) Idem, pp. 128-129. (Secret Statutes of the Alliance.)
(18) Idem, p. 132. (Secret Statutes of the Alliance.)
(19) Cf. Guillaume, L'Internationale; documents et souvenirs (1864-1878). Vol. I, p. 131. (Édouard Cornély et Cie., Paris, 1905-1910.)
(20) Cf. Idem, Vol. I, pp. 132-133, for entire program.
(21) Bakounin, op. cit., Vol. V, p. 53.
(22) L'Alliance, etc., pp. 64-65.
(23) Idem, p. 65 (quotations from The Principles of the Revolution).
(24) Idem, p. 66 (The Principles of the Revolution).
(25) Idem, p. 68 (The Principles of the Revolution).
(26) Idem, pp. 90-92.
(27) Idem, pp. 93-94.
(28) Idem, pp. 94-95.
(29) Idem, p. 95.
(30) Guillaume, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 60.
(31) Idem, Vol. II, pp. 61-63.
(32) Idem, Vol. III, p. 312.
CHAPTER II
(1) Guillaume, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 90.
(2) Lefrançais, Mémoires d'un révolutionnaire, p. 348 (Paris).
(3) Guillaume, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 92 (Oscar Testut).
(4) Idem, Vol. II, p. 92.
(5) Idem, Vol. II, p. 93.
(6) Idem, Vol. II. pp. 94-95.
(7) Idem, Vol. II, p. 96.
(8) Idem, Vol. II, p. 96.
(9) Idem, Vol. II, p. 96.
(10) Idem, Vol. II, p. 97.
(11) Idem, Vol. II, p. 97.
(12) Idem, Vol. II, p. 97.
(13) Idem, Vol. II, pp. 98-99.
(14) Idem, Vol. II, p. 98.
(15) Quoted by Idem, Vol. II, p. 101. Cf. The Social Democrat, April 15, 1903.
(16) L'Alliance, etc., p. 21.
(17) Marx, The Commune of Paris (Bax's translation), p. 123. (Twentieth Century Press, Ltd., London, 1895.)
(18) Guillaume, op. cit., Vol. III, p. 100.
(19) Idem, Vol. III, p. 98.
(20) Bakunisten an der Arbeit, I, by Frederick Engels, printed in Der Volksstaat, October 31, 1873, No. 105.
(21) Quoted by Guillaume, op. cit., Vol. III, p. 154.
(22) Idem, Vol. III, p. 100.
(23) Idem, Vol. III, p. 204.
(24) Idem, Vol. III, p. 207.
(25) Idem, Vol. III, p. 208.
(26) Idem, Vol. III, p. 186.
(27) Idem, Vol. III, p. 186.
(28) Idem, Vol. III, p. 146.
(29) Idem, Vol. III, p. 237.
CHAPTER III
(1) Kropotkin, Memoirs of a Revolutionist, p. 394. (Houghton, Mifflin & Co., Boston, 1899.)
(2) Idem, p. 287.
(3) Guillaume, op. cit., Vol. IV, pp. 113-114.
(4) Idem, Vol. IV, p. 225.
(5) Idem, Vol. IV, p. 225.
(6) Idem, Vol. IV, p. 226.
(7) Kropotkin, Paroles d'un révolté, pp. 285-288 (E. Flammarion, Paris, 1885).
(8) L'Alliance, etc., p. 65 (The Principles of the Revolution).
(9) Prolo, Les Anarchistes, pp. 14-15 (Marcel Rivière et Cie., Paris, 1912); or Guillaume, op. cit., Vol. IV, pp. 160-168.
(10) Prolo, op. cit., pp. 15-17; or Guillaume, op. cit., Vol. IV, pp. 184-188.
(11) Bebel, My Life, p. 330 (Chicago University Press, 1912).
(12) Zenker, Anarchism: A Criticism and History of the Anarchist Theory, p. 282 (G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York, 1901).
(13) Idem, pp. 294-295.
(14) Kropotkin, op. cit., pp. 448-449.
(15) Zenker, op. cit., p. 286.
CHAPTER IV
(1) Guillaume, op. cit., Vol. IV, p. 209.
(2) Idem, Vol. IV, p. 227.
(3) Quoted by Zenker, op. cit., pp. 235-236.
(4) Zenker, op. cit., pp. 282-283.
(5) Emma Goldman, Anarchism and Other Essays, p. 47 (Mother Earth Publishing Co., New York, 1911).
(6) Quoted in History of Socialism in the United States, p. 219 (Funk & Wagnalls, New York, 1910), by Morris Hillquit, who gives a fuller account of this period.
(7) Quoted by Ely, The Labor Movement in America, p. 262 (Thomas Y. Crowell, New York, 3d ed., 1910).
(8) Idem, p. 263.
(9) The Chicago Martyrs, p. 30 (Free Society Publishing Co., San Francisco, 1899).
(10) Reprinted in Instead of a Book, by Benjamin R. Tucker, pp. 429-432 (Benj. R. Tucker, New York, 1897).
(11) Idem, p. 429.
(12) Bebel, My Life, p. 237.
(13) Alexander Berkman, Prison Memoirs of an Anarchist, p. 7 (Mother Earth Publishing Company, New York, 1912).
CHAPTER V
(1) Quoted by Prolo, Les Anarchistes, p. 44.
(2) Prolo, op. cit., p. 45.
(3) Quoted from L'Éclair by Prolo, op. cit., p. 46.
(4) Quoted by Prolo, op. cit., p. 47.
(5) Quoted by Idem, p. 47.
(6) Quoted by Idem, p. 4.
(7) Emma Goldman, Anarchism and Other Essays, p. 101.
(8) Idem, pp. 99-100.
(9) Idem, pp. 102-103.
(10) Prolo, op. cit., p. 52.
(11) Idem, pp. 54-55.
(12) Pall Mall Gazette, April 29, 1912.
CHAPTER VI
(1) Emma Goldman, op. cit., p. 98.
(2) Idem, p. 113.
(3) Idem, pp. 113-114.
(4) Percy Bysshe Shelley, Julian and Maddalo.
(5) Idem.
(6) Angiolillo, quoted by Goldman, op. cit., pp. 104-105.
(7) Goldman, op. cit., p. 103.
(8) The Chicago Martyrs, p. 30.
(9) Alfred Tennyson, The Vision of Sin, IV.
(10) Lombroso, Les Anarchistes, pp. 184, 181-183, 196 (Flammarion, Paris, 1896).
(11) Idem, pp. 205-207.
(12) Quoted by Lombroso, op. cit., p. 207.
(13) Zenker, op. cit., pp. 306-307.
(14) Bebel, Attentate und Sozialdemokratie, p. 6, a speech delivered at Berlin, November 2, 1898 (Vorwärts, Berlin, 1905).
(15) The Chicago Martyrs, p. 130.
(16) Idem, p. 16.
(17) Idem, p. 62.
(18) Max Stirner, The Ego and His Own, p. 477 (A. C. Fifield, London, 1912).
(19) Idem, p. 425.
(20) Idem, p. 394.
(21) Lombroso, op. cit., pp. 52-54.
(22) Marx and Engels, The Communist Manifesto, p. 29 (C. H. Kerr & Co., Chicago, 1906).
(23) Reprinted in Guesde's Quatre ans de lutte des classes, pp. 88-91 (G. Jacques et Cie., Paris, 1901).
(24) Idem, p. 92.
(25) Bebel, Attentate und Sozialdemokratie, pp. 12-14.
(26) Idem, p. 1.
(27) Goldman, Anarchism and Other Essays, pp. 92-93.
(28) Idem, pp. 85-86.
(29) This is a translation of an editorial that has appeared in various foreign newspapers and also, it is said, in the Illinois Staats-Zeitung; Cf. De Leon, Socialism versus Anarchism, p. 61 (New York Labor News Company, New York).
CHAPTER VII
(1) L'Alliance de la Démocratie Socialiste, etc., p. 48.
(2) George Brandes, Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature, Vol. VI (The Macmillan Company, New York, 1906).
(3) Engels in the introduction to Révélations sur le Procès des Communistes, published together with, and under the title of, Marx's L'Allemagne en 1848, p. 268 (Schleicher Frères, Paris, 1901).
(4) Idem, p. 268.
(5) Idem, pp. 268-269. My italics.
(6) Idem, pp. 269-270.
(7) Communist Manifesto, p. 12.
(8) Idem, p. 44.
(9) Idem, p. 15.
(10) Idem, p. 25.
(11) Idem, p. 25.
(12) Idem, p. 26.
(13) Idem, p. 30.
(14) Idem, p. 44.
(15) Idem, pp. 42, 46.
(16) Engels, op. cit., p. 287.
(17) Idem, p. 287.
(18) Quoted by Engels in op. cit., p. 297.
(19) Albion W. Small, Socialism in the Light of Social Science, reprinted from the American journal of Sociology, Vol. XVII, No. 6 (May, 1912), p. 810.
(20) Communist Manifesto, pp. 12, 13.
(21) Albion W. Small, article cited, p. 812.
(22) Idem, p. 812.
(23) Address and Provisional Rules of the International Working Men's Association (London, 1864), p. 12.
(24) Letter of Marx's of October 9, 1866, published in the Neue Zeit, April 12, 1902.
(25) Address and Provisional Rules of the International Working Men's Association (London, 1864), p. 9.
(26) Idem, p. 9.
(27) Idem, p. 10.
(28) Idem, p. 11.
(29) Engels, op. cit., p. 287.
(30) Marx, L'Allemagne en 1848, p. 188.
(31) Letter of October 9, 1866, published in the Neue Zeit, April 12, 1902.
(32) Quoted by Jaeckh, The International, p. 32 (Twentieth Century Press, Ltd., London).