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War—What For?

Chapter 39: INDEX.
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About This Book

The author argues that modern warfare functions to protect and extend class-based exploitation, presenting a sharp critique of industrial capitalism and the political institutions that glorify or profit from conflict. Chapters examine what war is, its human and financial costs, the suffering and betrayal of enlisted workers, and the role of propaganda and legal systems in maintaining consent. The book traces working-class history, interprets war as class struggle, and catalogs abuses—insanity, suicide, and economic loss—experienced by soldiers and families. It closes with practical calls for workers' organization, political action, and reading recommendations intended to awaken class consciousness and promote nonviolent collective resistance.

INDEX.

  • Abuse of Soldiers, 191–199, 219–223
  • Advertisements for Soldiers, 108, 199–201, 293
  • Aggression and Robbery, Social, 273–337
  • Airships, Dirigible, 90
  • “All War, Civil War,” 264
  • “American Brigadier, The,” Church Militarism, 230 et seq.
  • American Civil War, 139
  • American Civil War, Cash Cost of, 55–58
  • American Revolutionists, Resistance by Force, 292
  • American Revolutionary War, Betrayal of Working-Class Soldiers in, 117–118
  • Anarchists, Capitalists as, 295–296, 303
  • Andreief, Leonid,—“The Red Laugh”, 18–19, 83
  • Another War, 30–43, 97, 154–158, 207, 217, 265, 284, 287, 289–290, 312–316, 333–334,
  • Antagonism in Present Social Structure, 273–337
  • Antagonism—Mutualism—in the Social Structure, 281 et seq.
  • Antagonism—Second Possible Plan of Social Organization, 282
  • Antagonism, Social, Basis of, 282
  • Anti-patriotism of George Washington, 217–218
  • Arbitration, 202–206, 308–309
  • Arbitration, “Nothing to Arbitrate,” 166–167
  • Aristocrats, Roman, Avoiding Infantry, 22
  • Armed Guard, Rapidly Increasing, Necessity of, New Danger, 42, 164–174
  • “Arm Everybody or Nobody,” 175
  • Arms, Defective, Provided Union Soldiers, 139
  • Arms, Modern, Improved, 77–97
  • Arms, Rapid Improvement of, 26
  • Arms, Right to Bear, 175
  • Army, Composed of Working-Class, General Army Staff Quoted, 10
  • “Army, the Poor Man’s University,” 176
  • Bankruptcy, 64–73
  • Barry, Richard, 82–83, 88
  • Battles in Industry Compared With Battle in War, 164
  • Bayonet, a Stinger, 12
  • Births Prevented by Life in Military Service, 48
  • Block, J., 49, 56, 75, 80, 85, 89, 109
  • Blood Cost of War, in General, 47–54;
    • in Manchuria, 145
  • Blood Lust, Fostering of, in Children, 213 et seq.
  • Boer War, 32, 67, 93, 181 et seq.
  • Bond Leech, International, 146–148
  • “Boys in Blue,” The, 118 et seq.
  • “Boy Scout” Movement, The, 228–233
  • British Government, Its Betrayal of Soldiers in Napoleonic Wars and in the Boer War, 110–118
  • Brutality of Soldiers, 180 et seq.
  • Bryan, W. J., 21
    • In Cuban War, 178–179
    • Sons of, 157
  • Bullets, Dumdum, 204–205
  • Business and Government in Impending War, 156–157
  • “Business Is Business,” 244–272
  • Caesar’s Victories, 105
  • Capitalism, 30–46, 283 et seq.
  • Capitalism, Destruction of, 291 et seq.
  • Capitalism, Peace Impossible Under, 286–289
  • “Capital Produces Nothing,” 284–285
  • Canned Beef for Soldiers, 137–144
  • Cannibals, “Civilized,” 144–148
  • Carlyle, Thomas, on the “Brave Boys,” 189–190
  • Carnegie, Andrew, 289
  • Carnegie Steel Company, Patriotism of, 289
  • Cause of War, Chap. Three, Six, Ten, Eleven
  • Challenge to Hague Peace Society, 206 et seq.
  • Chattel Slave, Protection of, 97–99
  • Chattel Slavery, 282 et seq.
  • Children, 207–243, 338–339
  • Chinese Export Trade, 156–157
  • Christ, 21, 52, 144 et seq., 184, 226–278, 244, 259–260
  • Characterization of, 260–261
  • Christian Governments in the Rôle of Procurers, 220–223
  • “Christianized” War, 52
  • Church, The, and War, 244–272
    • Defense of Chattel Slavery, Serfdom and Capitalism, 256 et seq.
    • Training Children for Strikes and War, 228–232
  • “Civil War, All War Is,” 264
  • Civil War, American, 54–58, 100–101, 118–124
  • Civil War—in Industry, 37–46, 168–174
    • Origin and Perpetuation of, 318–37
      • See also Chapter Ten
  • Classes—Industrial, 274 et seq.
  • Classes—Industrial, Property as Basis of, Professors Bluntschli and Fairbanks, 275–276
  • Classes, Social—What Creates, 286
    • See Civil War in Industry.
  • Class Interests—Clash of, 29–46, 273–337
  • Class War, Raging Around Unsocialized Industrial Property, 167 et seq.
    • See Civil War in Industry.
  • Clergy and War, The, 228–234, 244–272
  • Clews, Henry, 121–124, 285
  • Commander-in-Chief, Insult From, 10
  • “Come On! or Go Ahead!”, 107
  • Commerce Develops into Militarism, 29–46, 137–158
  • Competition and War, 40
    • Laborers Relieved of, by War, 188
  • Conciliation, See Arbitration.
  • Conscription, in Caesar’s Time, 22, 77, 152
    • For Napoleon’s Armies, 104–05
  • Conservatives, Liberals, 173–174
  • Constabulary, The State, 148–153, 170–175
  • Corruption of Soldier Youths, Taft, Dickinson, Jordan, Col. Van Rensselaer, General Sherman and others, 219–227
  • Cossack, The American, See Constabulary.
  • Cost of War, in Blood 100 years following 1789, total, 50
  • Cost in Cash, of War, 54 et seq.
    • In Manchuria, 145
  • Cost of War in Cash, 54–76
  • Credit Mobilier, 124–137
  • Crosby, Ernest, 237
  • “Cross, Cannon, and Cash Register,” 244–272
  • Cruelty of Soldiers, 180 et seq.
  • Cuban War, 32, 94, 137–144
  • Cyclone of Dynamite, etc., on Battlefield, 89–90
  • Debts, War, 47, 54–76
  • Decadence, Physical, 45–54, 92–106
  • Declamations for Children, 237 et seq.
  • Declaration of Independence, American, 302
  • Democracy, Increasing, 70, 167–168, 273–316, 335–337
  • Deserters, System for Catching, 7, 77, 153, 193, 199
  • Despotism, Foundation, and Historical Forms, of, 282 et seq.
    • Also Chapter Eleven.
  • “Dick” Militia Law, The, 161, 170 et seq.
  • Disappointment of Young Soldiers, 194 et seq.
  • Disarmament, 206 et seq.
  • Disease in War, 48, 92–97, 220–223
  • “Dreadnoughts,” 60–65
  • Dumdum Bullets, 204–205
  • Economic Determinism—Applications and Illustrations of, Chapters Six, Nine, Ten, Eleven
  • Education and Militarism, 24–25, 59–76
  • $8,000,000,000, 69–74
  • Elkins Law, 295–296
  • Employer Class, Interest of, Josiah Strong, 100
  • Enlistment, 77–86, 97, 102–103, 107–109
  • Expansion of Capitalism, 34
  • Exemptions, Substitutes, 160–161, 228–230
  • “Explain!”, 293–294
  • Explosives, Modern, 77–92
  • Father and the Boys, 159 et seq.
  • Ferrero, G., on Roosevelt Type of Greatness, 180, 187
    • On War as a Promoter of Civilization, 185
  • “Fighting Parsons”, 244–273
  • Firing Line, the Industrial, 164
  • Fiske, John, on Evolution of Social Man, 183
  • Fittest, Survival of, in War, 47–54, 188–91
  • Force, Resistance By, 291–293
  • “Foreigners”, 257–264
  • Foundation of Democracy, 281 et seq.
  • Foundations of Society, Privately Owned, 39;
    • See Chapter Ten
  • Foreign Markets, 30–46, 155–157, 254–255, 333–334
  • Four Great Events, 306 et seq.
  • Franchise, Right of, in America, 117–118
  • Franco-Prussian War, 26, 93, 160–163, 210
  • Freedom, Evolution of, 334–337
    • Foundation of, 273–316
  • “Freeing Cuba”, 137–144
  • French Wars of the Revolution, 49
  • Functions, Social—Organization Necessary for, 281
  • Future Wars, See “Another War.”
  • Garrison, William Lloyd, on Patriotism, 216
  • “Governments Destroy Nations”, 70
  • Government’s, the Federal, Sneer at the Poverty of the Working Class, 108–109
  • Government, Use of, in Defense of Interests, by Washington and Others, 217–219;
    • Discussion and Suggestion of, Frequent.
  • Habit, Force of in Working Class, 326 et seq.
  • Hague Peace Conference, 201–205, 214, 289–290
  • Hale, Edward Everett, Rebukes Teachers of Blood Lust, 214
  • Harvard University, “Fashionable Cavalry”, 23
  • Hearst (Newspapers), 32
  • Hearst, Mr., Patriotic, 178
  • Hell, 77–106
  • Heroes, 180–184
  • History of Great American Fortunes, Gustavus Myers, 137, 139
  • Humanizing War, 203–204
  • Illinois Central Railway Company, Lands Secured by, 135–136
  • Impending War, See “Another War.”
  • Income-Tax and Patriotism, 107
  • Industrial Function—Society Always Organized Primarily with Reference to, 281 et seq.
  • Industrial Despotism, Historic Forms and Foundation of, 282 et seq.
  • Ingersoll, R. G., 180, 182, 225, 235, 237–238–241
  • Insanity Among Soldiers, 6–7, 88, 195
  • Institutions, Origin of, Illustrations, 317–337
  • International Citizens, 262–264
  • Japanese-Russian War, 99, 144
  • Jingoism, The Beginning of, 209–210
  • Jordan, President D. S., 104–105, 198
  • Kidnapping and Militarism, 227
  • Labor Market, See Labor-power.
  • Labor-power, Buying and Selling of, 29–47, 97–99, 106, 274–275, 333–337
  • Lad’s Brigade, The, 230 et seq.
  • “Land-Grant” Railroads, Land Gifts, etc., 124, 137
  • Law and Order, 6, 321–322
  • Liberals, Conservatives, 173–174
  • Limitation of Armaments, 69–70;
    • See Hague Peace Society, The.
  • Lincoln, President, and the Wall Street Patriots, 118–137
  • Lockouts, Strikes, Statistics of, 168–169
  • “Love of Country”, 217–219
  • “Man on Horseback, The”, 148 et seq.
  • Marines, 108, 154–158, 221–222
  • Markets, See Foreign Markets, and Labor-power.
  • Medical Service, U. S. Government’s Criminal Neglect of, Utterly Inadequate, 94–95, 143–144
  • Meditations of a Workingman, 153 et seq.
  • Mexican War, 148
  • “Might Makes Right”, 21–28, 185–190
  • Militarism, 29–106;
    • In Public Schools, Chapter Eight.
  • Militarism and Education, 59–76
  • Militarism and Kidnapping, 227
  • Militarism in Churches, 228–233
  • Military Tactics, Applied in Politics, 278–280
  • Militia and Army—Rich Men’s Sons in, 160, 176–177
  • Militiamen and Soldiers, 25, 40, 45, 46, 148, 151–152
  • Millionaires in Cuban War, 176–178
  • Ministers and War, 6, 20, 22, 24, 27, 28, 41, 44, 78, 244–272
  • Modern Machinery, Knowledge, Methods, Specially Import Result, 42
  • Moral Decline of Youth in Army, 180–187, 219–227
  • Morocco-affair, The, 309
  • Moskow Campaign, 104–105
  • Mother—and the Boys and Girls, 207–243
  • Mothers, Special Suggestions for, 236 et seq.
  • Murdering Machinery, Modern, 77–92
  • Mutualism—Antagonism in the Social Structure, 281 et seq.
  • “My Country is the World, My Countrymen All Mankind”, 216
  • Napoleon, 104–105, 110–115, 124, 200, 208–209, 237
  • Naturalness of Social Parasites’ Behavior, 286 et seq.
  • Naval Life, Unnaturalness of and Disastrous Moral Results, 221–222
  • Navy, 58–59, 69, 108, 191
  • Next War, The—How to Avoid Being Wounded in, 97
  • Non-Combatants, Destruction of, in Time of War, 48–50
  • Non-Resistance, 291 et seq.
  • Northern Pacific Railway Company, Land Gifts to, 134–136
  • Norwegian-Swedish War, See “Four Great Events.”
  • “No Sentiment in Business”, 244–272
  • Notice, Special, to Hague Peace Society, 206 et seq.
  • “Obey or Starve”, 257–258, 334–337
  • “Off for the Front”, 30
  • “Old Glory,” Abuse of, 150
  • Old Veteran and Young Cossack,, 148 et seq.
  • One Christian Century of War, 52–53
  • Opportunity, Equal Basis of, 281
  • “Our Country!”, 218–219, 225–226
  • Over-production, 37–42, 333–335
  • Panic of 1907—Regular Soldiers’ Pay Advanced in by Congress, 152–153
  • Parades, Military, Purpose and Results, 199 et seq.
  • Parasites, 7, 17, 137, 190–191, 273–337
  • Parents, Suggestions to, 207–243
  • Patriotism, 227, 196–197
  • Patriotism a Matter of Cash. W. H. Taft and T. Roosevelt, 196–197
  • Patriotism, Capitalist, Specimens of, 107–158
  • Patriotism, Fallacy of False, Exploded by James Mackaye, 217
  • Patriotism, False, Taught to Children, 208 et seq.
  • “Patriotism is Killing Spaniards,”, 252–253
  • Patriotism of Buyers of War Bonds, 118–124
  • Patriotism—of George Washington, 217–218
  • Patriotism—Lowell, J. R., on, 217
  • Patriotism, Petty, Interferes With Social Evolution of Child, 213, 215 et seq.
  • Patriotism, Professor Paulsen on, 180
  • Patriotism, R. G. Ingersoll on, 180
  • Patriotism, R. W. Emerson on, 217
  • Patriots, Some Petty, 262–264
  • Peaceful Slaughter—in Industry, 97–106
  • Peace Impossible Without Socializing Unity of Interest, 257 et seq., 282 et seq.
  • Peace on the Program, 262–263
  • Peace Societies, 201–205
  • Peace, Talk of, but Preparation for War, 154 et seq.
  • Peace, The Hague Conference, 201–205
  • Penitentiary for the Rich, 295–296
  • Pensions, 55–59
    • Industrial Pensions and Military Service Pensions, 163–165
  • Perverted Sex-Appetite in Life at Sea, 221–222
  • Philippines, A Soldier’s Letter from the, 198
  • Philippine War, 99–101
  • Pledge to Working Class, 11
  • Poetry that Poisons, 213, 214
  • Poisoned Arms, A Revolution Produced by, 203–204
  • Political Logic, Elementary, 167 et seq.
  • Political Parties—Do Not Create Classes, 286
  • Political Party, Definition of, 304
  • Political Resistance, 293 et seq.
  • Politics, Elementary, Chap. Ten.
  • Politics, Military Tactics Applied in, 278–280
  • Poverty of Soldiers Following War, 110–117, 137–144
  • Power, the Road to, 167–168
  • Powers of Government, Necessity of Capturing, 25, 41–42, 75–76, 105–106, 159–206, 273–316
  • Preachers on the Firing Line, 228–230
  • “Preaching Heaven, Practising Hell”, 230
  • Preparation for War, 34, 54–76
    • Talk of Peace and Preparation for War, 154–155
  • Press, The, 24, 32, 177–178, 336–337, 338–344
  • Prevention of War, 24–25, 105–106, 158, 160, 174–176, 201–206, 235–243, Chapters Nine, Ten;
    • “Four Great Events,” pp. 306 et seq.
  • Prize-Fighter Statesmanship, 58–76
  • Procurers, Christian Governments as, 220–223
  • Progress Promoted by War, 184 et seq.
  • Property Basis of Social Classes—Professors Bluntschli and Fairbanks, 275–276
  • Property Rights, “Sacred”, 39, 322–325
  • Property, Socialized, 167–168
  • Prostitutes Furnished by Christian Governments to Their Soldiers, 219–223
  • Quarters, Soldiers’, 192 et seq.
  • Race Suicide, 207–209
  • Rag-Money for “Boys in Blue,”, 119–120
  • Rations—For Soldiers, 191 et seq.
  • Real War, The,” Ruskin, J., 227
  • Rebellion, 69–70
    • See Washington.
  • Recitations, Declamations, Selections from Chapters One, Two, Four, Five, Six, Eight, Nine, Ten. See Suggestions Chapter Twelve.
  • Recruiting, 42, 43
  • Recruiting—Devices, 108
  • Red Cross Society, 88
  • “Remembering the Maine,” See “Freeing Cuba.”
  • Resistance by all Forms of Power, 292–294
  • Revolution, 300–303
  • Revolutionary War, American, 57
  • Revolutionists, American, 217–218, 292, 302–303
  • Revolution of Opinion, 152–153, 187
  • Revolution, Prepare For, 167–168
  • Revolution, Produced by Poisoned Arms, 203–204
  • Rifle Practice Clubs in Public Schools, 233 et seq.
  • Rifle Ranges in Public Schools, 210 et seq.
  • “Righteous War”, Chapter Nine
  • Risks in War—At the Front and in Wall Street. See “Clews.”
    • See also, 163–164
  • Road to Power, The, 167–168
  • Robbery, Institutional, 282 et seq.
  • Romans, Decadence of, 105
  • Roosevelt, T., 21, 47, 93, 102, 141–143, 157, 179–180, 197, 233, 251–253
  • Rough Riders, The, 140
  • Royal Timber Company, The, 144 et seq.
  • Russian-Japanese War, 18–19, 68–69, 86–88, 101, 144 et seq.
  • School Children, Deception of, 56
  • Schools, Public, Abuse of, by Militarists, Chapter Eight
  • Schools, Use of, to Betray and Poison Children, 213 et seq.
  • Sedan, Battle of, 84, 85, 163
  • Senate, U. S., Dignity and Nobility of, 124–137
  • “Sentiment in Business”, 244–272
  • Seven Days’ Battle, 124 et seq.
  • Seventh Regiment (N. Y.), The, 176–177
  • “Silence!” The Command of Despotism, 113–114, 148
  • Silent Destroyer, Disease, The, 92–97
  • Slavery as a Revolution, 318
  • Slavery, Serfdom, Capitalism, Purpose of, 38
  • Socialist Party and War, 68, 270–272, Chapter Ten, 336–337
  • Social Organization—Mutualism, Antagonism, Two Possible Social Forms, 281 et seq.
  • South-African War, 103
  • Spanish-American War, 93, 176–177
  • Special Warning, A, 154 et seq.
  • Standing Army, A, 109–110, 170–176
  • Statesmen, Politicians, in War, 30
    • Temptations of, 44
  • Strikes, 17
    • Militiaman’s Cheap Rôle in, 45–46, 1894, 165–166
    • At Iron Mines in Minnesota, 1907, 166 et seq.
    • “Great Coal Strike”, 148 et seq.
    • Strikes, Lockouts, Statistics of, 168–169
    • Schoolboys Prepared for Strikes, 233–235
  • Substitutes, Exemptions, 160–161
  • Suggestions, 25, 54, 56, 58, 68, 74–76, 97, 105–106, 174–175, 184, 210–214, 236 et seq., 293–294; Chapters Eleven, Twelve
  • Suicide, 6–7, 77, 194 et seq.
  • Surgery Applied to Society, 298–299
  • Surplus, 37–43
  • Surplus Products, Embarrassingly large, 254, 255
  • Swedish-Norwegian War, See “Four Great Events”, 306 et seq.
  • Taft, W. H., 10, 48, 154–157, 191 et seq., 195 et seq., 219, 295–296
  • Teachers, School, Their Power to Blast or Develop Social Nature of Child, 209–216
  • Teaching Youths How to Avoid Venereal Disease in Associating With Women (U. S. Government and British Government), 219–223
  • Temptations Frankly Offered by Federal Government, 192 et seq.
  • Territorial Force Act (English), “Dick” Law, 173–174
  • The Hague Peace Society, 202 et seq.
  • The War is the Class War”, 37–46, 286
  • “To Arms! To Arms!”, 13–17, 289–291
  • “Topics for Discussion”, 159–243
  • Toys, Military, 216
  • “Train Everybody or Nobody”, 175
  • “Trade Follows the Flag”, 36
  • Trust Laws, 295–296
  • Tsar of Russia, and The Hague Peace Conference, 201–202
  • Tyranny Protected by the Flag, Chapter Six, Seventh Illustration, and 148–153, 164–165
  • “Undesirable Citizens,” Soldiers as, W. H. Taft, 195 et seq., 260–262
  • Unemployed, The, 42, 152–153
  • Union Pacific Railway Charter, 124–137
  • Universal Military Service, Chapter Seven (3), (11), (12)
  • Venereal Diseases, 48, 49, 219–223
  • “Vision of the Future,” Ingersoll’s, 242
  • “Vision of War,” Ingersoll’s, 240–241
  • Volunteers, 77
  • Wage-System, See Labor-power, Buying and Selling of.
  • Wall Street Patriots, 118–124
  • Walsh, Dr. Walter, 147, 182, 199, 210, 222–223, 266 et seq.
  • “War a Collision of Interests,” General Von der Goltz, 170
  • War and Industry, Comparative Destruction of Life in, 77–92
  • War, and the Survival of the Fittest, 188
  • War and Women, 207–243
  • War as Hell, Chap. Five, 160, 289–291
  • War as a Relief to Competition Among Laborers, 188
  • War as a System of Exploitation, Ferrero, 187
  • War, Comment on, 160
  • War, Definition of, 21
  • Ward, Lester F., 38, 183, 284, 292, 328
  • War, Explanation of, Motives and Occasions of, Chaps. Three, Six, Ten, Eleven
  • “War is Hell”, 159–160
  • War Necessary to Progress, 184 et seq.
  • War, Origin of, 317–337
  • Warning, Special, 14, 17, 154–158, 288–290, 311–316
  • “War” Statesmen, Popularity of, 44
  • War—The Class Struggle, 286 et seq.;
    • See Classes
  • War, The Next, See “Another War.”
  • War, What is Determined By, 21–28, 185–188
  • War—What to Do About It, 159–243, 273–316; passim
  • War, Who Want, Who Declare, Who Fight, 29 et seq.
  • Washington, Anti-Patriot, 217–218
    • Letter to John Bannister on Patriotism, 148
  • Waterloo, Battle of, 110–111
  • “Welcome Home!”, 107–158
  • “Wintering” in the Army, 153
  • Women and War, 18, 26, 207–243
  • Working Class, Self-Defense of, 1–344
  • Wounded, the Difficulties in Attending to in Modern War, 94
  • “Young Men Not Only Willing but Anxious to Fight,” Origin of Saying, 47
  • Youth, Conscription of, for Napoleon’s Armies, 104–105
  • Zeppelin’s, Count, Airship, 90
  • Zola, Emile, The Downfall, 26, 83, 211–212