Dartmouth, Earl of, Minister of England, 63.
Deane, Silas, envoy to France, 184-185.
Declaration of Independence, 75-80.
Delaware Bay, British fleet in, 116.
Delaware River, Washington crosses, 102.
Denmark and armed neutrality, 206-207.
Detroit (MI), force to check Clark from, 223.
Devonshire, Duke of, costly residence, 18.
Dickinson, John, of Pennsylvania, on Declaration of Independence, 78.
Dilworth, Cornwallis marches on, 119.
Dinwiddie, Governor, Washington and, 16.
Donop, Count von, at Trenton, 102, 104.
Dorchester Heights (MA), American troops on, 47-48.
Dumas, French officer with Rochambeau, 231.
Dunmore, Lord, Governor of Virginia, 224.
Deane, Silas, envoy to France, 184-185.
Declaration of Independence, 75-80.
Delaware Bay, British fleet in, 116.
Delaware River, Washington crosses, 102.
Denmark and armed neutrality, 206-207.
Detroit (MI), force to check Clark from, 223.
Devonshire, Duke of, costly residence, 18.
Dickinson, John, of Pennsylvania, on Declaration of Independence, 78.
Dilworth, Cornwallis marches on, 119.
Dinwiddie, Governor, Washington and, 16.
Donop, Count von, at Trenton, 102, 104.
Dorchester Heights (MA), American troops on, 47-48.
Dumas, French officer with Rochambeau, 231.
Dunmore, Lord, Governor of Virginia, 224.
E
East River (NY), location, 87; British on, 93.
Edward, Fort, St. Clair retires to, 127; Burgoyne at, 129, 130-141; Indian raids at, 140; Burgoyne seeks to return to, 143.
Elkton (MD), Howe at, 116, 118; American army at, 258.
Emerson, chaplain, diary quoted, 35.
England, in eighteenth century, 16-19; state of society, 19, 59; Parliament votes tax on colonies, 23; politics, 24-25, 64 et seq., 268; attitude toward the colonies, 54-55, 58; prosperity, 59; difficulties in raising army, 178; France and, 182-183, 187-188, 191-192, 195-196, 206, 270; Whig attitude after French intervention, 189-190; and Spain, 187, 203-204, 206; navy in 1779, 204; domestic affairs, 207; treaty of peace, 272; see also Army, British.
Estaing, Count d', French admiral, 195; at the Delaware, 196-197; at Sandy Hook, 200-201; at Newport, 201-202; at Savannah, 214-215.
Eutaw Springs (SC), battle of, 250.
Edward, Fort, St. Clair retires to, 127; Burgoyne at, 129, 130-141; Indian raids at, 140; Burgoyne seeks to return to, 143.
Elkton (MD), Howe at, 116, 118; American army at, 258.
Emerson, chaplain, diary quoted, 35.
England, in eighteenth century, 16-19; state of society, 19, 59; Parliament votes tax on colonies, 23; politics, 24-25, 64 et seq., 268; attitude toward the colonies, 54-55, 58; prosperity, 59; difficulties in raising army, 178; France and, 182-183, 187-188, 191-192, 195-196, 206, 270; Whig attitude after French intervention, 189-190; and Spain, 187, 203-204, 206; navy in 1779, 204; domestic affairs, 207; treaty of peace, 272; see also Army, British.
Estaing, Count d', French admiral, 195; at the Delaware, 196-197; at Sandy Hook, 200-201; at Newport, 201-202; at Savannah, 214-215.
Eutaw Springs (SC), battle of, 250.
F
Falmouth (Portland, ME), destroyed, 81.
Ferguson, Major Patrick, 216; King's Mountain, 221-222; killed, 222.
Fersen, Count, with French army, 232.
Finance, value of continental money, 209; Franklin procures money in France, 271.
Florida returned to Spain, 273.
Foch, general, quoted, 101.
Fox, C.J., and carelessness of ministers, 68; urges conciliation, 69.
France, French in Canada, 38; alliance with, 182 et seq.; and England, 182-183, 187-188, 191-192, 195-196, 206, 270; treaty of friendship with America (1778), 187; and Canada, 188; and Spain, 203; promises soldiers to Washington, 210; help in 1780, 230 et seq.; bibliography of alliance, 280.
Franklin, Benjamin, on Lexington, 2; on George III, 25; member of commission to Montreal, 50; on committee to meet Howe, 93; satirizes British ignorance, 138; in Congress, 164; induces Hessians to desert, 180; sent to Paris, 185; and Loyalists, 225, 270, 271.
Fraser, General, killed, 143.
Frederick the Great, of Prussia, estimate of Washington, 105; urges France against England, 187.
Ferguson, Major Patrick, 216; King's Mountain, 221-222; killed, 222.
Fersen, Count, with French army, 232.
Finance, value of continental money, 209; Franklin procures money in France, 271.
Florida returned to Spain, 273.
Foch, general, quoted, 101.
Fox, C.J., and carelessness of ministers, 68; urges conciliation, 69.
France, French in Canada, 38; alliance with, 182 et seq.; and England, 182-183, 187-188, 191-192, 195-196, 206, 270; treaty of friendship with America (1778), 187; and Canada, 188; and Spain, 203; promises soldiers to Washington, 210; help in 1780, 230 et seq.; bibliography of alliance, 280.
Franklin, Benjamin, on Lexington, 2; on George III, 25; member of commission to Montreal, 50; on committee to meet Howe, 93; satirizes British ignorance, 138; in Congress, 164; induces Hessians to desert, 180; sent to Paris, 185; and Loyalists, 225, 270, 271.
Fraser, General, killed, 143.
Frederick the Great, of Prussia, estimate of Washington, 105; urges France against England, 187.
G
Gage, General Thomas, 72;
at Boston, 3, 4-5.
Gates, General Horatio, 98, 110, 172, 173; in command of Lee's army, 99-100; joins Washington, 100; discourages Washington, 103; against Burgoyne, 142-145; intrigue, 149-151; menaces Clinton in New Jersey, 198; command in the South, 219; Camden, 219; Greene supersedes, 247.
George III, American opinions of, 25; Hamilton on, 39; character, 60-62; speech in Parliament, 62-63; Washington and, 63, 86; statue destroyed in New York, 80; ready to give guarantees of liberty, 115; effect of news of Ticonderoga on, 127-128; on taxing of America, 190; and Chatham, 193; news of Yorktown, 267-268.
George, Fort (NY), Burgoyne's supplies from, 129.
Georgia, British in, 211-212, 217.
Germain, Lord George, failure to send orders to Howe, 68, 125; instructions to Burgoyne, 112; plans campaign from England, 130-131; censures Howe, 194; in Seven Years' War, 230; news of Yorktown, 267.
Germans, hold line of the Delaware, 102; plundering, 111; at Bennington, 131-132; with Burgoyne, 144, 145; Steuben's part in Revolutionary War, 174-176; benefit to British, 179-180; desertions, 180-181, 199.
Germantown (PA), Howe's camp at, 121; battle of, 122, 148; Greene at, 171.
Gibraltar, Spain besieges, 270; not returned to Spain, 273.
Gloucester, Cornwallis holds, 263.
Gordon, Lord Adam, on Philadelphia, 215; opinion of Charleston, 215.
Gordon, Lord George, leads London riot, 208.
Grasse, Comte de, commands French fleet, 256; at Chesapeake Bay, 260, 261-262; sails south, 265; Rodney captures, 266, 270.
Great Britain, see England.
Greene, General Nathanael, 110; at Bunker Hill, 4; advocates independence, 75; commands Fort Washington, 96-97; harasses Cornwallis, 105; at Germantown, 122; at Valley Forge, 170-171; in Rhode Island, 201; on Congress, 236; supersedes Gates in South, 247; Guilford Court House, 249; at Hobkirk's Hill, 250.
Grey, Sir Charles, Howe and, 115.
Guilford Court House (NC), 249.
Gates, General Horatio, 98, 110, 172, 173; in command of Lee's army, 99-100; joins Washington, 100; discourages Washington, 103; against Burgoyne, 142-145; intrigue, 149-151; menaces Clinton in New Jersey, 198; command in the South, 219; Camden, 219; Greene supersedes, 247.
George III, American opinions of, 25; Hamilton on, 39; character, 60-62; speech in Parliament, 62-63; Washington and, 63, 86; statue destroyed in New York, 80; ready to give guarantees of liberty, 115; effect of news of Ticonderoga on, 127-128; on taxing of America, 190; and Chatham, 193; news of Yorktown, 267-268.
George, Fort (NY), Burgoyne's supplies from, 129.
Georgia, British in, 211-212, 217.
Germain, Lord George, failure to send orders to Howe, 68, 125; instructions to Burgoyne, 112; plans campaign from England, 130-131; censures Howe, 194; in Seven Years' War, 230; news of Yorktown, 267.
Germans, hold line of the Delaware, 102; plundering, 111; at Bennington, 131-132; with Burgoyne, 144, 145; Steuben's part in Revolutionary War, 174-176; benefit to British, 179-180; desertions, 180-181, 199.
Germantown (PA), Howe's camp at, 121; battle of, 122, 148; Greene at, 171.
Gibraltar, Spain besieges, 270; not returned to Spain, 273.
Gloucester, Cornwallis holds, 263.
Gordon, Lord Adam, on Philadelphia, 215; opinion of Charleston, 215.
Gordon, Lord George, leads London riot, 208.
Grasse, Comte de, commands French fleet, 256; at Chesapeake Bay, 260, 261-262; sails south, 265; Rodney captures, 266, 270.
Great Britain, see England.
Greene, General Nathanael, 110; at Bunker Hill, 4; advocates independence, 75; commands Fort Washington, 96-97; harasses Cornwallis, 105; at Germantown, 122; at Valley Forge, 170-171; in Rhode Island, 201; on Congress, 236; supersedes Gates in South, 247; Guilford Court House, 249; at Hobkirk's Hill, 250.
Grey, Sir Charles, Howe and, 115.
Guilford Court House (NC), 249.
H
Hamilton, Alexander, 238;
and Washington, 16, 168;
on Quebec Act, 39.
Hancock, John, desires post as Commander-in-Chief, 8.
Harlem River (NY), location, 87.
Hastings, Marquis of, 6; see also Rawdon, Lord.
Henry, Patrick, speech, 57.
Henry, Cape (VA), naval battle off, 261.
Herkimer, General Nicholas, battle of Oriskany, 135.
Hessians, see Germans.
Hillsborough (NC), Cornwallis issues proclamation at, 249.
Hobkirk's Hill (SC), Rawdon defeats Greene at, 250.
Holkham, Lord Leicester's residence at, 18; Coke's residence at, 69-70, 71.
Holland joins England's enemies 206, 246.
Hood, Sir Samuel, British admiral, 261.
Howe, Richard, Lord, commands fleet reaching New York, 84, 86; Whig sympathy, 85; personal characteristics, 85; letter to Washington, 86-87; seeks peace, 92-93; takes fleet to Newport, 100; proclamation, 101; and evacuation of Philadelphia, 196-197; expects naval flight off Sandy Hook, 200-201; at Newport, 202; refuses to serve Tory Admiralty, 207.
Howe, General Sir William, at Bunker Hill, 5; succeeds Gage in command, 5, 36; evacuates Boston, 47-48; and Burgoyne, 68, 112, 116-117, 130, 142; personal characteristics, 84; attitude toward Revolution, 84; lands army on Staten Island, 86; battle of Long Island, 87-90; in New York, 93-95; plans to meet Carleton, 95; battle of White Plains, 96; Fort Washington, 96-97; takes Fort Lee, 98; and Lee, 99, 112-113; at Trenton, 100; proclamation, 101, 111; goes to New York for Christmas, 102; dilatoriness, 109, 110; takes Philadelphia, 109, 112, 120, 149; plan for 1777, 112-113; sails for Chesapeake Bay, 115-116; at the Brandywine, 118-119, 133; and Pennsylvanians, 120-121; at Germantown, 121-122; leaves Philadelphia, 194; Clinton succeeds, 195.
Hudson River (NY), advantages of plan to sail up, 82; location of mouth, 87; British on, 93, 96-98; Washington guards, 209-210, 211, 236, 237-238, see also West Point.
Hancock, John, desires post as Commander-in-Chief, 8.
Harlem River (NY), location, 87.
Hastings, Marquis of, 6; see also Rawdon, Lord.
Henry, Patrick, speech, 57.
Henry, Cape (VA), naval battle off, 261.
Herkimer, General Nicholas, battle of Oriskany, 135.
Hessians, see Germans.
Hillsborough (NC), Cornwallis issues proclamation at, 249.
Hobkirk's Hill (SC), Rawdon defeats Greene at, 250.
Holkham, Lord Leicester's residence at, 18; Coke's residence at, 69-70, 71.
Holland joins England's enemies 206, 246.
Hood, Sir Samuel, British admiral, 261.
Howe, Richard, Lord, commands fleet reaching New York, 84, 86; Whig sympathy, 85; personal characteristics, 85; letter to Washington, 86-87; seeks peace, 92-93; takes fleet to Newport, 100; proclamation, 101; and evacuation of Philadelphia, 196-197; expects naval flight off Sandy Hook, 200-201; at Newport, 202; refuses to serve Tory Admiralty, 207.
Howe, General Sir William, at Bunker Hill, 5; succeeds Gage in command, 5, 36; evacuates Boston, 47-48; and Burgoyne, 68, 112, 116-117, 130, 142; personal characteristics, 84; attitude toward Revolution, 84; lands army on Staten Island, 86; battle of Long Island, 87-90; in New York, 93-95; plans to meet Carleton, 95; battle of White Plains, 96; Fort Washington, 96-97; takes Fort Lee, 98; and Lee, 99, 112-113; at Trenton, 100; proclamation, 101, 111; goes to New York for Christmas, 102; dilatoriness, 109, 110; takes Philadelphia, 109, 112, 120, 149; plan for 1777, 112-113; sails for Chesapeake Bay, 115-116; at the Brandywine, 118-119, 133; and Pennsylvanians, 120-121; at Germantown, 121-122; leaves Philadelphia, 194; Clinton succeeds, 195.
Hudson River (NY), advantages of plan to sail up, 82; location of mouth, 87; British on, 93, 96-98; Washington guards, 209-210, 211, 236, 237-238, see also West Point.
I
Independence, 54 et seq.; see also Declaration of Independence.
Independence, Fort 127.
India, France against British in, 206.
Indians, allies of Burgoyne, 125, 133, 138, 139-140, 144; with St. Leger, 134-136; aid loyalists in Wyoming massacre, 229.
Ireland, Declaration of Independence, 208.
Independence, Fort 127.
India, France against British in, 206.
Indians, allies of Burgoyne, 125, 133, 138, 139-140, 144; with St. Leger, 134-136; aid loyalists in Wyoming massacre, 229.
Ireland, Declaration of Independence, 208.
J
Jay, John, on Declaration of Independence, 78;
opinion of Congress, 162;
on American Commission, 270.
Jefferson, Thomas, and Declaration of Independence, 75-77; on Lafayette, 170; British plan to capture, 252.
Johnson, Sir John, with St. Leger, 133-134, 135.
Johnson, Samuel, quoted, 58.
Johnson, Sir William, 134.
Jones, John Paul, 204-206; bibliography, 281.
Jefferson, Thomas, and Declaration of Independence, 75-77; on Lafayette, 170; British plan to capture, 252.
Johnson, Sir John, with St. Leger, 133-134, 135.
Johnson, Samuel, quoted, 58.
Johnson, Sir William, 134.
Jones, John Paul, 204-206; bibliography, 281.
K
Kalb, Baron de, part in Revolutionary War,
173-174;
killed, 220.
Kaskaskia (IL), Clark at 223.
Kennett Square (PA), British camp at, 118.
Keppel, Admiral, and London riots, 207.
King's Mountain (SC), battle of, 221-222.
Knox, Henry,Washington values service of, 110, 171-172.
Knyphausen, General, and Howe, 115; at the Brandywine, 118; effective service, 179-180.
Kosciuszko, in American army, 173
Kaskaskia (IL), Clark at 223.
Kennett Square (PA), British camp at, 118.
Keppel, Admiral, and London riots, 207.
King's Mountain (SC), battle of, 221-222.
Knox, Henry,Washington values service of, 110, 171-172.
Knyphausen, General, and Howe, 115; at the Brandywine, 118; effective service, 179-180.
Kosciuszko, in American army, 173
L
Lafayette, Marquis de, 182,
230, 238;
and Washington, 13, 168,
169;
and independence of America, 30;
personal characteristics, 169-170;
volunteers through Deane's influence, 185;
with Lee at Monmouth Court House, 198-199;
sent to France (1779), 210;
as interpreter for Washington and Rochambeau, 234;
in Virginia, 251-252.
Lansdowne, Marquis of, see Shelburne, Lord.
Laurens, Henry, on American Commission, 270.
Lauzun, Duc de, with French army in America, 231-232, 233.
Laval-Montmorency, French officer in America, 232.
Lee, Arthur, on commission to Paris, 185.
Lee, General Charles, 150, 172; Washington writes to, 30; at Fort Washington, 98; disobeys Washington, 98-99; letter to Gates, 99; captured, 99; and Howe, 99, 112-113; freed by exchange of prisoners, 173; personal characteristics, 173; and training of recruits, 176; at Monmouth Court House, 198-199; court-martialed, 199; suspended, 199; dismissed from army, 199.
Lee. R.H., and Declaration of Independence, 75.
Lee, Fort (NJ) 96; Washington at, 97; falls to British, 97, 98.
Leicester, Lord , costly residence at Holkham, 18.
Lexington (MA), Battle of, 2, 21.
Lincoln, Abraham, quoted, 29; and Declaration of Independence, 76, 77-78.
Lincoln, General Benjamin, at Ticonderoga, 142; southern campaign, 214, 215, 217, 264.
Long Island (NY),battle of, 87-90, 91.
Loyalists, Howe and Pennsylvania, 162; plundering, 203, 228; in South, 212-213; Clinton's proclamation to, 218; decline in strength, 224; punishments, 225-226; Test Acts, 226; question of compensation of, 272; gather in New York to claim British protection, 274; bibliography, 281.
Luzerne, French minister, 258.
Lansdowne, Marquis of, see Shelburne, Lord.
Laurens, Henry, on American Commission, 270.
Lauzun, Duc de, with French army in America, 231-232, 233.
Laval-Montmorency, French officer in America, 232.
Lee, Arthur, on commission to Paris, 185.
Lee, General Charles, 150, 172; Washington writes to, 30; at Fort Washington, 98; disobeys Washington, 98-99; letter to Gates, 99; captured, 99; and Howe, 99, 112-113; freed by exchange of prisoners, 173; personal characteristics, 173; and training of recruits, 176; at Monmouth Court House, 198-199; court-martialed, 199; suspended, 199; dismissed from army, 199.
Lee. R.H., and Declaration of Independence, 75.
Lee, Fort (NJ) 96; Washington at, 97; falls to British, 97, 98.
Leicester, Lord , costly residence at Holkham, 18.
Lexington (MA), Battle of, 2, 21.
Lincoln, Abraham, quoted, 29; and Declaration of Independence, 76, 77-78.
Lincoln, General Benjamin, at Ticonderoga, 142; southern campaign, 214, 215, 217, 264.
Long Island (NY),battle of, 87-90, 91.
Loyalists, Howe and Pennsylvania, 162; plundering, 203, 228; in South, 212-213; Clinton's proclamation to, 218; decline in strength, 224; punishments, 225-226; Test Acts, 226; question of compensation of, 272; gather in New York to claim British protection, 274; bibliography, 281.
Luzerne, French minister, 258.