McCrae, Jennie, carried off by Indians, 140.
McNeil, Mrs., carried off by Indians, 140.
Maine, Arnold's expedition, 43, 44.
Marie Antoinette, Queen, zeal for liberal ideas, 183; Fersen friend of, 232.
Marion, Francis, guerrilla leader, 220, 247.
Marlborough, Duke of, costly residence, 18.
Martha's Vineyard (MA), Loyalist refugees plunder, 228.
Maryland, and independence, 75; Howe plans to secure control of, 113.
Massachusetts, Suffolk County defies England, 28-29; North and constitution of, 191; list of Loyalists, 226.
Minorca returned to Spain, 273.
Mirabeau, French officer in America, 232.
Mississippi River becomes western frontier of United States, 273.
Monmouth Court House (NJ), battle of, 198-199; Lee at, 176.
Montgomery, General Richard, expedition to Canada, 43; at Quebec, 45-46; death, 46-47, 48.
Montreal, Montgomery enters, 44; Commission sent to, 50; evacuated, 51; St. Leger reaches, 136.
Morgan, Captain Daniel, at Quebec, 46; with Greene, 247; at Cowpens, 248.
Morris, Gouveneur, opinion of Congress, 162.
Morristown (NJ), American headquarters at, 99, 106, 110.
Moultrie, Fort (SC), battle at, 83.
Mount Vernon (VA), Washington's estate, 20, 259, 275.
Murray, Mrs., saves Putnam's army, 94.
McNeil, Mrs., carried off by Indians, 140.
Maine, Arnold's expedition, 43, 44.
Marie Antoinette, Queen, zeal for liberal ideas, 183; Fersen friend of, 232.
Marion, Francis, guerrilla leader, 220, 247.
Marlborough, Duke of, costly residence, 18.
Martha's Vineyard (MA), Loyalist refugees plunder, 228.
Maryland, and independence, 75; Howe plans to secure control of, 113.
Massachusetts, Suffolk County defies England, 28-29; North and constitution of, 191; list of Loyalists, 226.
Minorca returned to Spain, 273.
Mirabeau, French officer in America, 232.
Mississippi River becomes western frontier of United States, 273.
Monmouth Court House (NJ), battle of, 198-199; Lee at, 176.
Montgomery, General Richard, expedition to Canada, 43; at Quebec, 45-46; death, 46-47, 48.
Montreal, Montgomery enters, 44; Commission sent to, 50; evacuated, 51; St. Leger reaches, 136.
Morgan, Captain Daniel, at Quebec, 46; with Greene, 247; at Cowpens, 248.
Morris, Gouveneur, opinion of Congress, 162.
Morristown (NJ), American headquarters at, 99, 106, 110.
Moultrie, Fort (SC), battle at, 83.
Mount Vernon (VA), Washington's estate, 20, 259, 275.
Murray, Mrs., saves Putnam's army, 94.
N
Narragansett Bay (RI), British blockade French fleet in, 234.
Navy, American, Jones and, 204-206; need for supremacy, 231.
Necessity, Fort (PA), surrender of, 148.
New Bedford (MA), Loyalists burn, 228.
New England, question of leader from, 8; and Washington, 11; character of people, 29; equality in, 33; on independence, 75; revolutionary, 81; and Indians, 137; and Burgoyne, 145; States jealous of, 164-165.
New Hampshire offers bounty for Indian scalps, 137-138.
New Jersey, Washington's flight across, 97, 100; Lee retreats to, 99; loyalty, 110; Howe's proclamation, 110; Washington recovers, 106; Howe moves across, 110, 114; Clinton crosses, 196, 197.
New York, on independence, 75; Howe's proclamation, 101; Howe's plan to hold, 113; acquires Loyalist lands, 228.
New York City (NY), on side of Revolution, 37; Washington plans to hold, 37-38; loss of, 53, 81 et seq., 108, 148; statue of King destroyed, 80; burned, 94-95; Washington plans march to, 116; for naval defence, 195; Loyalists take refuge in, 227; French army moves toward, 253; Washington returns to, 269; Washington bids farewell to army at, 274.
Newgate jail burned, 208.
Newport (RI), Lord Howe's fleet at, 100; British hold, 201; French fleet sails into, 233; French army leaves, 253.
Noailles, Vicomte de, on foot from Newport to Yorktown, 259.
Norfolk (VA), destroyed, 81.
North, Lord, Prime Minister, 63-64, 190-191; George III writes to, 61; seeks to retire, 192, 193; and news of Yorktown, 267; resigns, 268.
North Carolina, and independence, 75; campaign in, 247-251.
Northwest, United States retains, 273.
Nova Scotia, Washington's belief of sympathy in, 42; Loyalists go to, 227.
Navy, American, Jones and, 204-206; need for supremacy, 231.
Necessity, Fort (PA), surrender of, 148.
New Bedford (MA), Loyalists burn, 228.
New England, question of leader from, 8; and Washington, 11; character of people, 29; equality in, 33; on independence, 75; revolutionary, 81; and Indians, 137; and Burgoyne, 145; States jealous of, 164-165.
New Hampshire offers bounty for Indian scalps, 137-138.
New Jersey, Washington's flight across, 97, 100; Lee retreats to, 99; loyalty, 110; Howe's proclamation, 110; Washington recovers, 106; Howe moves across, 110, 114; Clinton crosses, 196, 197.
New York, on independence, 75; Howe's proclamation, 101; Howe's plan to hold, 113; acquires Loyalist lands, 228.
New York City (NY), on side of Revolution, 37; Washington plans to hold, 37-38; loss of, 53, 81 et seq., 108, 148; statue of King destroyed, 80; burned, 94-95; Washington plans march to, 116; for naval defence, 195; Loyalists take refuge in, 227; French army moves toward, 253; Washington returns to, 269; Washington bids farewell to army at, 274.
Newgate jail burned, 208.
Newport (RI), Lord Howe's fleet at, 100; British hold, 201; French fleet sails into, 233; French army leaves, 253.
Noailles, Vicomte de, on foot from Newport to Yorktown, 259.
Norfolk (VA), destroyed, 81.
North, Lord, Prime Minister, 63-64, 190-191; George III writes to, 61; seeks to retire, 192, 193; and news of Yorktown, 267; resigns, 268.
North Carolina, and independence, 75; campaign in, 247-251.
Northwest, United States retains, 273.
Nova Scotia, Washington's belief of sympathy in, 42; Loyalists go to, 227.
O
P
Paine, Thomas, 74;
Common Sense, 75.
Palliser, Sir Hugh, and British naval quarrel, 207,
Panther, Wyandot chief, shows scalp of Miss McCrae, 140.
Parker, Admiral Sir Peter, before Fort Moultrie, 82-83.
Pennsylvania, and independence, 75; loyalty, 101; Howe plans to secure control of, 113; “Black Lists” of Loyalists, 226.
Percy, Earl, opinion of rebels in America, 32.
Petersburg (VA), Arnold at, 251.
Philadelphia (PA), second Continental Congress at, 1, 7-9; Washington sets out from, 9; on side of Revolution, 37; Paine in, 74; Howe plans to secure, 100, 101; loss of, 108 et seq., 148; Howe leaves, 194; Mischianza in, 194-195; British abandon, 196; Loyalists hanged in, 226; Arnold in command at, 238; French army reviewed in, 257-258.
Pigot, General, at Newport, 201.
Pitt, William, see Chatham, Earl of.
Politics, see England.
Prescott, Colonel, at Bunker Hill, 4;
Preston, Major, British officer at St. Johns, 44.
Prevost, General Augustine, at Charleston, 213-214.
Prices, 167.
Princeton (NJ), Cornwallis at, 106.
Prisons, British prison-ships, 153; London riots, 208.
Privateers, checked at Newport, 100; France and, 186.
Providence (RI), Greene and Sullivan at, 201.
Putnam, Israel, at Bunker Hill, 4,6; leaves New York, 94.
Palliser, Sir Hugh, and British naval quarrel, 207,
Panther, Wyandot chief, shows scalp of Miss McCrae, 140.
Parker, Admiral Sir Peter, before Fort Moultrie, 82-83.
Pennsylvania, and independence, 75; loyalty, 101; Howe plans to secure control of, 113; “Black Lists” of Loyalists, 226.
Percy, Earl, opinion of rebels in America, 32.
Petersburg (VA), Arnold at, 251.
Philadelphia (PA), second Continental Congress at, 1, 7-9; Washington sets out from, 9; on side of Revolution, 37; Paine in, 74; Howe plans to secure, 100, 101; loss of, 108 et seq., 148; Howe leaves, 194; Mischianza in, 194-195; British abandon, 196; Loyalists hanged in, 226; Arnold in command at, 238; French army reviewed in, 257-258.
Pigot, General, at Newport, 201.
Pitt, William, see Chatham, Earl of.
Politics, see England.
Prescott, Colonel, at Bunker Hill, 4;
Preston, Major, British officer at St. Johns, 44.
Prevost, General Augustine, at Charleston, 213-214.
Prices, 167.
Princeton (NJ), Cornwallis at, 106.
Prisons, British prison-ships, 153; London riots, 208.
Privateers, checked at Newport, 100; France and, 186.
Providence (RI), Greene and Sullivan at, 201.
Putnam, Israel, at Bunker Hill, 4,6; leaves New York, 94.
Q
Quebec (QC), Arnold and Montgomery before, 45-46,
49-50,
82, 98,
238;
Morgan at, 172, 247.
Quebec Act, 38-39, 41.
Quebec Act, 38-39, 41.
R
Rahl, Colonel, at Trenton, 102; killed, 104.
Rawdon, Lord Francis, at Bunker Hill, 6; at Camden, 219, 250.
Reed, Joseph, charge against Arnold, 239.
Revolutionary War, bibliography, 277-278.
Rhode Island, British control, 100; Washington's campaign against, 201-202; British evacuate, 211.
Richmond, Duke of, opinion of Revolution, 69.
Richmond (VA), Arnold burns, 251.
Riedesel, General, at Lake Champlain, 125; effective service to British, 179-180.
Riedesel, Baroness, reports conditions in New England, 137.
Rochambeau, Comte de, leader of French army in America, 230-231; idea of naval supremacy, 231, 255; and Washington, 234, 236, 237; on American situation (1781), 246; goes to Yorktown, 258; in Virginia, 269.
Rockingham, Marquis of, Prime Minister, 268.
Rodney, Admiral, arrives in America, 236; captures St. Eustatius, 246; captures Grasse, 266, 270.
Russia, British endeavor to get troops in, 179; Armed Neutrality, 206.
Rawdon, Lord Francis, at Bunker Hill, 6; at Camden, 219, 250.
Reed, Joseph, charge against Arnold, 239.
Revolutionary War, bibliography, 277-278.
Rhode Island, British control, 100; Washington's campaign against, 201-202; British evacuate, 211.
Richmond, Duke of, opinion of Revolution, 69.
Richmond (VA), Arnold burns, 251.
Riedesel, General, at Lake Champlain, 125; effective service to British, 179-180.
Riedesel, Baroness, reports conditions in New England, 137.
Rochambeau, Comte de, leader of French army in America, 230-231; idea of naval supremacy, 231, 255; and Washington, 234, 236, 237; on American situation (1781), 246; goes to Yorktown, 258; in Virginia, 269.
Rockingham, Marquis of, Prime Minister, 268.
Rodney, Admiral, arrives in America, 236; captures St. Eustatius, 246; captures Grasse, 266, 270.
Russia, British endeavor to get troops in, 179; Armed Neutrality, 206.
S
St. Clair, General Arthur, at Fort Ticonderoga, 127.
St. Eustacius, captured by Rodney, 246.
St. Johns, Montgomery captures, 44.
St. Leger, General Barry, at Fort Stanwix, 133-134; at Oriskany, 135-136.
Saint-Simon, French officer in America, 232.
Sandy Hook (NY), French fleet at, 200, 201.
Saratoga (NY), Burgoyne at, 132, 141, 143; Burgoyne's surrender, 68, 122, 143-147, 149, 186; Arnold at, 238; Morgan at, 247.
Savannah (GA), British land at, 211.
Savile, Sir George, opinion of the Revolution, 69.
Schuyler, General Philip, goes to Canada by way of Lake Champlain, 43; Gates supersedes, 142.
Serapis (ship), Jones captures, 205.
Shelburne, Lord, Prime minister, 268.
Shippen, Margaret, 195; marries Arnold, 239.
Simcoe, General J.G., with Clinton at Charleston, 216; Governor of Upper Canada, 228.
Skinner, C. L., Pioneers of the Old Southwest, cited 222.
Slavery, Washington as a slave-owner, 21.
Slave-trade, Declaration of Independence makes King responsible for, 77.
South, war in the, 211 et seq.
South Carolina, neutrality proposed, 213; British control, 217.
Spain, against England, 187, 203-204, 206; navy, 187; and Gibraltar, 270; and peace treaty, 272.
Stamp Act, 69, 183, 192.
Stanwix (NY), Fort, St. Leger before, 133-134.
Staten Island (NY), Howe on, 86, 87, 115.
States, Congress and, 163.
Steuben, Baron von, service in Revolution, 174-175; in Virginia, 247.
Stillwater (NY), American camp at, 141; Burgoyne attacks Gates at, 142-143; Burgoyne's defeat, 143.
Stirling, Lord, prisoner, 89.
Stony Point (NY), 99.
Stuart, Gilbert, and Washington, 16.
Sullivan, General John, takes prisoner at battle of Long Island, 89; sent by Howe to interview Congress, 92; exchanged, 99; at Morristown, 99; and Washington, 110-111; at Germantown, 122; at Providence, 201.
Sumter, Thomas, guerrilla leader, 220, 247.
Sweden, Armed Neutrality, 206.
St. Eustacius, captured by Rodney, 246.
St. Johns, Montgomery captures, 44.
St. Leger, General Barry, at Fort Stanwix, 133-134; at Oriskany, 135-136.
Saint-Simon, French officer in America, 232.
Sandy Hook (NY), French fleet at, 200, 201.
Saratoga (NY), Burgoyne at, 132, 141, 143; Burgoyne's surrender, 68, 122, 143-147, 149, 186; Arnold at, 238; Morgan at, 247.
Savannah (GA), British land at, 211.
Savile, Sir George, opinion of the Revolution, 69.
Schuyler, General Philip, goes to Canada by way of Lake Champlain, 43; Gates supersedes, 142.
Serapis (ship), Jones captures, 205.
Shelburne, Lord, Prime minister, 268.
Shippen, Margaret, 195; marries Arnold, 239.
Simcoe, General J.G., with Clinton at Charleston, 216; Governor of Upper Canada, 228.
Skinner, C. L., Pioneers of the Old Southwest, cited 222.
Slavery, Washington as a slave-owner, 21.
Slave-trade, Declaration of Independence makes King responsible for, 77.
South, war in the, 211 et seq.
South Carolina, neutrality proposed, 213; British control, 217.
Spain, against England, 187, 203-204, 206; navy, 187; and Gibraltar, 270; and peace treaty, 272.
Stamp Act, 69, 183, 192.
Stanwix (NY), Fort, St. Leger before, 133-134.
Staten Island (NY), Howe on, 86, 87, 115.
States, Congress and, 163.
Steuben, Baron von, service in Revolution, 174-175; in Virginia, 247.
Stillwater (NY), American camp at, 141; Burgoyne attacks Gates at, 142-143; Burgoyne's defeat, 143.
Stirling, Lord, prisoner, 89.
Stony Point (NY), 99.
Stuart, Gilbert, and Washington, 16.
Sullivan, General John, takes prisoner at battle of Long Island, 89; sent by Howe to interview Congress, 92; exchanged, 99; at Morristown, 99; and Washington, 110-111; at Germantown, 122; at Providence, 201.
Sumter, Thomas, guerrilla leader, 220, 247.
Sweden, Armed Neutrality, 206.
T
Talleyrand, French officer in America, 232.
Tarleton, Colonel Banastre, raids, 216, 217; at Camden, 219-220; and Marion, 221; King's Mountain, 248; takes Charlottesville (VA), 252-253; in Yorktown, 263; and Cornwallis, 264.
Terrible (ship), 261.
Test Acts, 226.
Thayendanegea (Joseph Brant), 134.
Thomas, General, on Plains of Abraham, 50.
Thompson, General, attacks Three River, 51.
Three Rivers (QC), attack on, 51.
Throg's Neck (NY), Howe at, 95.
Ticonderoga (NY), Fort, captured by Allen, 39-40, 42; Arnold retreats to, 53; Burgoyne lays siege to, 126-127; Lincoln besieges, 142.
Tories, plundering of, 111; see also Loyalists.
Toronto (ON), Loyalists in, 228.
Transportation, need of military engineers for, 152.
Trenton (NJ), Howe at, 100; attack on, 101-107, 109; Greene at, 171.
Tryon, Governor of New York, 225.
Tarleton, Colonel Banastre, raids, 216, 217; at Camden, 219-220; and Marion, 221; King's Mountain, 248; takes Charlottesville (VA), 252-253; in Yorktown, 263; and Cornwallis, 264.
Terrible (ship), 261.
Test Acts, 226.
Thayendanegea (Joseph Brant), 134.
Thomas, General, on Plains of Abraham, 50.
Thompson, General, attacks Three River, 51.
Three Rivers (QC), attack on, 51.
Throg's Neck (NY), Howe at, 95.
Ticonderoga (NY), Fort, captured by Allen, 39-40, 42; Arnold retreats to, 53; Burgoyne lays siege to, 126-127; Lincoln besieges, 142.
Tories, plundering of, 111; see also Loyalists.
Toronto (ON), Loyalists in, 228.
Transportation, need of military engineers for, 152.
Trenton (NJ), Howe at, 100; attack on, 101-107, 109; Greene at, 171.
Tryon, Governor of New York, 225.
V
Valley Forge (PA) Washington at, 148 et seq.;
Washington leaves, 196.
Vergennes, French Foreign Minister, 182-183, 184, 197, 271.
Vincennes, Clark at, 223.
Virginia, choice of a commander from, 8; state of society, 19-20, 32-33; on independence, 73; Convention changes church service, 79; Burgoyne's force in, 146; covets lands in Northwest, 222; Steuben in, 247; Cornwallis in, 251.
Vulture (sloop of war), 241, 242, 243.
Vergennes, French Foreign Minister, 182-183, 184, 197, 271.
Vincennes, Clark at, 223.
Virginia, choice of a commander from, 8; state of society, 19-20, 32-33; on independence, 73; Convention changes church service, 79; Burgoyne's force in, 146; covets lands in Northwest, 222; Steuben in, 247; Cornwallis in, 251.
Vulture (sloop of war), 241, 242, 243.
W
Walpole, Horace 59, 64,
73-74;
Gates godson of, 142; quoted, 217.
Ward, General Artemus, and siege of Boston, 3.
Washington, George, at second Continental Congress, 1, 259; champion of colonial cause, 1-2, 23-24, 59; chosen Commander-in-Chief, 8-9; journey to Boston, 9-11; personal characteristics, 11, 13-16, 109; life, 11; as a landowner, 12; education, 13; contrasted with English country gentlemen, 17-20; wealth; 20, 56; as a farmer, 20-21; a slave-owner, 21; with Braddock, 22-23; opinion of George III, 25, 63; not a professional soldier, 27; reorganizes army, 30-35; favors conscription, 34; at Boston, 36; plans against Canada, 40-43; mourns Montgomery, 47; hated of British, 57-58; Coke and, 71, 72, 189; advocates independence, 75; headquarters in New York, 82, 87; Howe's letter to, 86-87; at Brooklyn Heights, 88-91; exposed to enemy in New York, 93; and Congress, 96, 146, 163-164; Lee and, 98-99, 199; retreats across New Jersey, 100; attack upon Trenton, 101-107, 109; on Howe's dilatoriness, 109; in New Jersey, 110; and Sullivan, 111; policy toward Loyalists, 111; on plundering, 111; need of maps, 111; and Howe, 113-115, 118, 120, 142; and Burgoyne, 116; at the Brandywine, 118-119; Germantown, 121-122; at Valley Forge, 148 et seq.; religion, 161; relations with staff, 167-168; as military leader, 170; volunteers come to, 174; distrustful of France, 188-189; celebrates French alliance, 193; army occupies Philadelphia, 196; follows Clinton across New Jersey, 197-198; Monmouth Court House, 199; despair of, 1779-1780, 208-209; guards Hudson, 209-210; French under, 210; opinion of Tories, 227; and Rochambeau, 234, 236, 237, 255; reprimands Arnold, 239-240; and Andre, 243; plan differs from French, 255; march to Yorktown, 255 et seq.; and Carleton, 269; believes self-interest dominant in politics, 271-272; bids farewell to army, 274; gives up command, 275; at Mount Vernon, 275; influences upon future, 275-276; bibliography, 278.
Washington, Fort (NY), held by Americans, 96-97; British take, 97.
West Indies, conquests restored, 273.
West Point (NY), fortification, 236, 237-238; Arnold in command, 238; plot to surrender, 240-244.
White Plains (NY), battle of, 96.
Wight, Isle of, plan to seize, 204.
Wilkes, John, introduces bill into Parliament, 191.
Wilmington (NC), British fleet reaches, 82; Cornwallis in, 250.
Winslow, Edward, quoted, 49.
Wyoming (PA) massacre, 229.
Ward, General Artemus, and siege of Boston, 3.
Washington, George, at second Continental Congress, 1, 259; champion of colonial cause, 1-2, 23-24, 59; chosen Commander-in-Chief, 8-9; journey to Boston, 9-11; personal characteristics, 11, 13-16, 109; life, 11; as a landowner, 12; education, 13; contrasted with English country gentlemen, 17-20; wealth; 20, 56; as a farmer, 20-21; a slave-owner, 21; with Braddock, 22-23; opinion of George III, 25, 63; not a professional soldier, 27; reorganizes army, 30-35; favors conscription, 34; at Boston, 36; plans against Canada, 40-43; mourns Montgomery, 47; hated of British, 57-58; Coke and, 71, 72, 189; advocates independence, 75; headquarters in New York, 82, 87; Howe's letter to, 86-87; at Brooklyn Heights, 88-91; exposed to enemy in New York, 93; and Congress, 96, 146, 163-164; Lee and, 98-99, 199; retreats across New Jersey, 100; attack upon Trenton, 101-107, 109; on Howe's dilatoriness, 109; in New Jersey, 110; and Sullivan, 111; policy toward Loyalists, 111; on plundering, 111; need of maps, 111; and Howe, 113-115, 118, 120, 142; and Burgoyne, 116; at the Brandywine, 118-119; Germantown, 121-122; at Valley Forge, 148 et seq.; religion, 161; relations with staff, 167-168; as military leader, 170; volunteers come to, 174; distrustful of France, 188-189; celebrates French alliance, 193; army occupies Philadelphia, 196; follows Clinton across New Jersey, 197-198; Monmouth Court House, 199; despair of, 1779-1780, 208-209; guards Hudson, 209-210; French under, 210; opinion of Tories, 227; and Rochambeau, 234, 236, 237, 255; reprimands Arnold, 239-240; and Andre, 243; plan differs from French, 255; march to Yorktown, 255 et seq.; and Carleton, 269; believes self-interest dominant in politics, 271-272; bids farewell to army, 274; gives up command, 275; at Mount Vernon, 275; influences upon future, 275-276; bibliography, 278.
Washington, Fort (NY), held by Americans, 96-97; British take, 97.
West Indies, conquests restored, 273.
West Point (NY), fortification, 236, 237-238; Arnold in command, 238; plot to surrender, 240-244.
White Plains (NY), battle of, 96.
Wight, Isle of, plan to seize, 204.
Wilkes, John, introduces bill into Parliament, 191.
Wilmington (NC), British fleet reaches, 82; Cornwallis in, 250.
Winslow, Edward, quoted, 49.
Wyoming (PA) massacre, 229.