The work surveys how human worldviews and life philosophies arise from religion, philosophical reflection, and natural knowledge, integrating anthropology, comparative religion, philosophy, and science. It analyzes beliefs found among smaller-scale and larger-scale societies, formulates principal questions and basic assumptions, and traces proposed origins and stages of religious ideas—linguistic, power-based, revelatory, and doctrinal—while describing animistic and anthropomorphic tendencies. Organized into thematic sections, it compares parallels across cultures, dissects cosmological and ethical conceptions, and offers a critically arranged synthesis of the main types and underlying principles of human outlooks on world and life.