Woman's Work in the Civil War: A Record of Heroism, Patriotism, and Patience

MRS. HETTY M. McEWEN.

OTHER DEFENDERS OF THE FLAG.

Mrs. Moore (Parson Brownlow's daughter) was another of these fearless defenders of the flag. In June, 1861, the Rebels were greatly annoyed at the sturdy determination of the Parson to keep the Stars and Stripes floating over his house; and delegation after delegation came to his dwelling to demand that they should be lowered. They were refused, and generally went off in a rage. On one of these occasions, nine men from a Louisiana regiment stationed at Knoxville, determined to see the flag humbled. Two men were chosen as a committee to proceed to the parson's house to order the Union ensign down. Mrs. Moore (the parson's daughter) answered the summons. In answer to her inquiry as to what was their errand, one said, rudely:

"We have come to take down that d——d rag you flaunt from your roof—the Stripes and Stars."

Mrs. Moore stepped back a pace or two within the door, drew a revolver from her dress pocket, and leveling it, answered:

"Come on, sirs, and take it down!"

The chivalrous Confederates were startled.

"Yes, come on!" she said, as she advanced toward them.

They cleared the piazza, and stood at bay on the wall.

"We'll go and get more men, and then d——d if it don't come down!"

"Yes, go and get more men—you are not men!" said the heroic woman, contemptuously, as the two backed from the place and disappeared.

Miss Alice Taylor, daughter of Mrs. Nellie Maria Taylor, of New Orleans, a young lady of great beauty and intelligence, possessed much of her mother's patriotic spirit. The flag was always suspended in one or another of the rooms of Mrs. Taylor's dwelling, and notwithstanding the repeated searches made by the Rebels it remained there till the city was occupied by Union troops. The beauty and talent of the daughter, then a young lady of seventeen, had made her very popular in the city. In 1860, she had made a presentation speech when a flag was presented to one of the New Orleans Fire Companies. In May, 1861, a committee of thirteen gentlemen called on Mrs. Taylor, and informed her that the ladies of the district had wrought a flag for the Crescent City (Rebel) regiment to carry on their march to Washington, and that the services of her daughter Alice were required to make the presentation speech. Of course Mrs. Taylor's consent was not given, and the committee insisted that they must see the young lady, and that she must make the presentation address. She was accordingly called, and after hearing their request, replied that she would readily consent on two conditions. First, that her mother's permission should be obtained; and second, that the Stars and Stripes should wave around her, and decorate the arch over her head, as on the former occasion. The committee, finding that they could get no other terms, withdrew, vexed and mortified at their failure.

Mrs. Booth, the widow of Major Booth, who fell contending against fearful odds at Fort Pillow, at the time of the bloody massacre, a few weeks after presented the blood-stained flag of the fort which had been saved by one of the few survivors, to the remnant of the First Battalion of Major Booth's regiment, then incorporated with the Sixth United States Heavy Artillery, with these thrilling words, "Boys, I have just come from a visit to the hospital at Mound City. There I saw your comrades, wounded at the bloody struggle in Fort Pillow. There I found the flag—you recognize it! One of your comrades saved it from the insulting touch of traitors. I have given to my country all I had to give—my husband—such a gift! Yet I have freely given him for freedom and my country. Next to my husband's cold remains, the dearest object left to me in the world, is that flag—the flag that waved in proud defiance over the works of Fort Pillow! Soldiers! this flag I give to you, knowing that you will ever remember the last words of my noble husband, 'never surrender the flag to traitors!'"

Colonel Jackson received from her hand—on behalf of his command—the blood-stained flag, and called upon his regiment to receive it as such a gift ought to be received. At that call, he and every man of the regiment fell upon their knees, and solemnly appealing to the God of battles, each one swore to avenge their brave and fallen comrades, and never, never surrender the flag to traitors.

MILITARY HEROINES.

Among these we may name Madame Turchin, wife of General Turchin, who rendered essential service by her coolness, her thorough knowledge of military science, her undaunted courage, and her skill in command. She is the daughter of a Russian officer, and had been brought up in the camps, where she was the pet and favorite of the regiment up to nearly the time of her marriage to General Turchin, then a subordinate officer in that army. When the war commenced she and her husband had been for a few years residents of Illinois, and when her husband was commissioned colonel of a regiment of volunteers she prepared at once to follow him to the field. During the march into Tennessee in the spring of 1862, Colonel Turchin was taken seriously ill, and for some days was carried in an ambulance on the route. Madame Turchin took command of the regiment during his illness, and while ministering kindly and tenderly to her husband, filled his place admirably as commander of the regiment. Her administration was so judicious that no complaint or mutiny was manifested, and her commands were obeyed with the utmost promptness. In the battles that followed, she was constantly under fire, now encouraging the men, and anon rescuing some wounded man from the place where he had fallen, administering restoratives and bringing him off to the field-hospital. When, in consequence of the "Athens affair," Colonel Turchin was court-martialed and an attempt made by the conservatives to have him driven from the army, she hastened to Washington, and by her skill and tact succeeded in having the court-martial set aside and her husband promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General, and confounded his accusers by bringing his commission and the order to abandon the trial into court, just as the officers comprising it were about to find him guilty. In all the subsequent campaigns at the West, Madame Turchin was in the field, confining herself usually to ministrations of mercy to the wounded, but ready if occasion required, to lead the troops into action and always manifesting the most perfect indifference to the shot and shell or the whizzing minie balls that fell around her. She seemed entirely devoid of fear, and though so constantly exposed to the enemy's fire never received even a scratch.

Another remarkable heroine who, while from the lower walks of life, was yet faithful and unwearied in her labors for the relief of the soldiers who were wounded and who not unfrequently took her place in the ranks, or cheered and encouraged the men when they were faltering and ready to retreat, was Bridget Divers, better known as "Michigan Bridget," or among Sheridan's men as "Irish Biddy." A stout robust Irish woman, she accompanied the First Michigan Cavalry regiment in which her husband was a private soldier, to the field, and remained with that regiment and the brigade to which it belonged until the close of the war. She became well known throughout the brigade for her fearlessness and daring, and her skill in bringing off the wounded. Occasionally when a soldier whom she knew fell in action, after rescuing him if he was only wounded, she would take his place and fight as bravely as the best. In two instances and perhaps more, she rallied and encouraged retreating troops and brought them to return to their position, thus aiding in preventing a defeat. Other instances of her energy and courage are thus related by Mrs. M. M. Husband, who knew her well.

"In one of Sheridan's grand raids, during the latter days of the rebellion, she, as usual, rode with the troops night and day wearing out several horses, until they dropped from exhaustion. In a severe cavalry engagement, in which her regiment took a prominent part, her colonel was wounded, and her captain killed. She accompanied the former to the rear, where she ministered to his needs, and when placed in the cars, bound to City Point Hospitals, she remained with him, giving all the relief in her power, on that fatiguing journey, although herself almost exhausted, having been without sleep four days and nights. After seeing her colonel safely and comfortably lodged in the hospital, she took one night's rest, and returned to the front. Finding that her captain's body had not been recovered, it being hazardous to make the attempt, she resolved to rescue it, as "it never should be left on rebel soil." So, with her orderly for sole companion, she rode fifteen miles to the scene of the late conflict, found the body she sought, strapped it upon her horse, rode back seven miles to an embalmer's, where she waited whilst the body was embalmed, then again strapping it on her horse, she rode several miles further to the cars in which, with her precious burden she proceeded to City Point, there obtained a rough coffin, and forwarded the whole to Michigan. Without any delay Biddy returned to her Regiment, told some officials, that wounded men had been left on the field from which she had rescued her Captain's body. They did not credit her tale, so she said, "Furnish me some ambulances and I will bring them in." The conveyances were given her, she retraced her steps to the deserted battle-field, and soon had some eight or ten poor sufferers in the wagons, and on their way to camp. The roads were rough, and their moans and cries gave evidence of intense agony. While still some miles from their destination, Bridget saw several rebels approaching, she ordered the drivers to quicken their pace, and endeavoured to urge her horse forward, but he baulked and refused to move. The drivers becoming alarmed, deserted their charge and fled to the woods, while the wounded men begged that they might not be left to the mercy of the enemy, and to suffer in Southern prisons. The rebels soon came up, Bridget plead with them to leave the sufferers unmolested, but they laughed at her, took the horses from the ambulances, and such articles of value as the men possessed, and then dashed off the way they came. Poor Biddy was almost desperate, darkness coming on, and with none to help her, the wounded men beseeching her not to leave them. Fortunately, an officer of our army rode up to see what the matter was, and soon sent horses and assistance to the party."

When the war ended, Bridget accompanied her regiment to Texas, from whence she returned with them to Michigan, but the attractions of army life were too strong to be overcome, and she has since joined one of the regiments of the regular army stationed on the plains in the neighborhood of the Rocky Mountains.

Mrs. Kady Brownell, the wife of an Orderly Sergeant of the First and afterwards of the Fifth Rhode Island Infantry, who, like Madame Turchin was born in the camp, and was the daughter of a Scottish soldier of the British army, was another of these half-soldier heroines; adopting a semi-military dress, and practicing daily with the sword and rifle, she became as skillful a shot and as expert a swordsman as any of the company of sharp-shooters to which she was attached. Of this company she was the chosen color-bearer, and asking no indulgence, she marched with the men, carrying the flag and participating in the battle as bravely as any of her comrades. In the first battle of Bull Run, she stood by her colors and maintained her position till all her regiment and several others had retreated, and came very near falling into the hands of the enemy. She was in the expedition of General Burnside to Roanoke Island and Newbern and by her coolness and intrepidity saved the Fifth Rhode Island from being fired upon by our own troops by mistake. Her husband was severely wounded in the engagement at Newbern, and she rescued him from his position of danger and having made him as comfortable as possible attempted to rescue others of the wounded, both rebel and Union troops. By some of the rebels, both men and women, she was grossly insulted, but she persevered in her efforts to help the wounded, though not without some heart-burnings for their taunts. Her husband recovering very slowly, and being finally pronounced unfit for service, she returned to Rhode Island with him after nursing him carefully for eighteen months or more, and received her discharge from the army.

There were very, probably, many others of this class of heroines who deserve a place in our record; but there is great difficulty in ascertaining the particulars of their history, and in some cases they failed to maintain that unsullied reputation without which courage and daring are of little worth.

THE WOMEN OF GETTYSBURG.

Chief among these, since she gave her life for the cause, we must reckon Mrs. Jennie Wade. Her house was situated in the valley between Oak Ridge and Seminary Hill, and was directly in range of the guns of both armies. But Mrs. Wade was intensely patriotic and loyal, and on the morning of the third day of the battle, that terrible Friday, July 3, she volunteered to bake bread for the Union troops. The morning passed without more than an occasional shot, and though in the midst of danger, she toiled over her bread, and had succeeded in baking a large quantity. About two o'clock, P. M., began that fearful artillery battle which seemed to the dwellers in that hitherto peaceful valley to shake both earth and heaven. Louder and more deafening crashed the thunder from two hundred and fifty cannon, but as each discharge shook her humble dwelling, she still toiled on unterrified and only intent on her patriotic task. The rebels, who were nearest her had repeatedly ordered her to quit the premises, but she steadily refused. At length a shot from the rebel batteries struck her in the breast killing her instantly. A rebel officer of high rank was killed almost at the same moment near her door, and the rebel troops hastily constructing a rude coffin, were about to place the body of their commander in it for burial, when, in the swaying to and fro of the armies, a Union column drove them from the ground, and finding Mrs. Wade dead, placed her in the coffin intended for the rebel officer. In that coffin she was buried the next day amidst the tears of hundreds who knew her courage and kindness of heart.

Miss Carrie Sheads, the principal of Oak Ridge Female Seminary, is also deserving of a place in our record for her courage, humanity and true womanly tact. The Seminary buildings were within a few hundred yards of the original battle-field of the first day's fight, and in the course of the day's conflict, after the death of General Reynolds, the Union troops were driven by the greatly superior force of the enemy into the grounds of the Seminary itself, and most of them swept past it. The Ninety-seventh New York volunteer infantry commanded on that day by Lieutenant-Colonel, afterwards General Charles Wheelock, were surrounded by the enemy in the Seminary grounds, and after repeated attempts to break through the ranks of the enemy, were finally compelled to surrender. Miss Sheads who had given her pupils a holiday on the previous day, and had suddenly found herself transformed into the lady superintendent of a hospital, for the wounded were brought to the Seminary, at once received Colonel Wheelock and furnished him with the signal for surrender. The rebel commander demanded his sword, but the colonel refused to give it up, as it was a gift of friends. An altercation ensued and the rebel officer threatened to kill Colonel Wheelock. Mr. Sheads, Miss Carrie's father, interposed and endeavored to prevent the collision, but was soon pushed out of the way, and the rebel officer again presented his pistol to shoot his prisoner. Miss Sheads now rushed between them and remonstrated with the rebel on his inhumanity, while she urged the colonel to give up his sword. He still refused, and at this moment the entrance of other prisoners attracted the attention of the rebel officer for a few moments, when Miss Sheads unbuckled his sword and concealed it in the folds of her dress unnoticed by the rebel officer. Colonel Wheelock, when the attention of his foe was again turned to him, said that one of his men who had passed out had his sword, and the rebel officer ordered him with the other prisoners to march to the rear. Five days after the battle the colonel, who had made his escape from the rebels, returned to the Seminary, when Miss Sheads returned his sword, with which he did gallant service subsequently.

The Seminary buildings were crowded with wounded, mostly rebels, who remained there for many weeks and were kindly cared for by Miss Sheads and her pupils. The rebel chief undertook to use the building and its observatory as a signal station for his army, contrary to Miss Sheads' remonstrances, and drew the fire of the Union army upon it by so doing. The buildings were hit many times and perforated by two shells. But amid the danger, Miss Sheads was as calm and self-possessed as in her ordinary duties, and soothed some of her pupils who were terrified by the hurtling shells. From the grounds of the Seminary she and several of her pupils witnessed the terrible conflict of Friday. The severe exertion necessary for the care of so large a number of wounded, for so long a period, resulted in the permanent injury of Miss Sheads' health, and she has been since that time an invalid. Two of her brothers were slain in the war, and two others disabled for life. Few families have made greater sacrifices in the national cause.

Another young lady of Gettysburg, Miss Amelia Harmon, a pupil of Miss Sheads, displayed a rare heroism under circumstances of trial. The house where she resided with her aunt was the best dwelling-house in the vicinity of Gettysburg, and about a mile west of the village, on Oak or Seminary Ridge. During the fighting on Wednesday (the first day of the battle) it was for a time forcibly occupied by the Union sharp-shooters who fired upon the rebels from it. Towards evening the Union troops having retreated to Cemetery Hill, the house came into possession of the rebels, who bade the family leave it as they were about to burn it, in consequence of its having been used as a fort. Miss Harmon and her aunt both protested against this, explaining that the occupation was forcible and not with their consent. The young lady added that her mother, not now living, was a Southern woman, and that she should blush for her parentage if Southern men would thus fire the house of defenseless females, and deprive them of a home in the midst of battle. One of the rebels, upon this, approached her and proposed in a confidential way, that if she would prove that she was not a renegade Southerner by hurrahing for the Southern Confederacy, he would see what could be done. "Never!" was the indignant reply of the truly loyal girl, "burn the house if you will! I will never do that, while the Union which has protected me and my friends, exists." The rebels at once fired the house, and the brave girl and her aunt made their way to the home of friends, running the gauntlet of the fire of both armies, and both were subsequently unwearied in their labors for the wounded.

LOYAL WOMEN OF THE SOUTH.

The loyal women of Richmond were a noble band. Amid obloquy, persecution and in some cases imprisonment (one of them was imprisoned for nine months for aiding Union prisoners) they never faltered in their allegiance to the old flag, nor in their sympathy and services to the Union prisoners at Libby and Belle Isle, and Castle Thunder. With the aid of twenty-one loyal white men in Richmond they raised a fund of thirteen thousand dollars in gold, to aid Union prisoners, while their gifts of clothing, food and luxuries, were of much greater value. Some of these ladies were treated with great cruelty by the rebels, and finally driven from the city, but no one of them ever proved false to loyalty. In Charleston, too, hot-bed of the rebellion as it was, there was a Union league, of which the larger proportion were women, some of them wives or daughters of prominent rebels, who dared everything, even their life, their liberty and their social position, to render aid and comfort to the Union soldiers, and to facilitate the return of a government of liberty and law. Had we space we might fill many pages with the heroic deeds of these noble women. Through their assistance, scores of Union men were enabled to make their escape from the prisons, some of them under fire, in which they were confined, and often after almost incredible sufferings, to find their way to the Union lines. Others suffering from the frightful jail fever or wasted by privation and wearisome marches with little or no food, received from them food and clothing, and were thus enabled to maintain existence till the time for their liberation came. The negro women were far more generally loyal than their mistresses, and their ready wit enabled them to render essential service to the loyal whites, service for which, when detected, they often suffered cruel tortures, whipping and sometimes death.

In New Orleans, before the occupation of the city by the Union troops under General Butler, no woman could declare herself a Unionist without great personal peril; but as we have seen there were those who risked all for their attachment to the Union even then. Mrs. Taylor was by no means the only outspoken Union woman of the city, though she may have been the most fearless. Mrs. Minnie Don Carlos, the wife of a Spanish gentleman of the city, was from the beginning of the war a decided Union woman, and after its occupation by Union troops was a constant and faithful visitor at the hospitals and rendered great service to Union soldiers. Mrs. Flanders, wife of Hon. Benjamin Flanders, and her two daughters, Miss Florence and Miss Fanny Flanders were also well known for their persistent Unionism and their abundant labors for the sick and wounded. Mrs. and Miss Carrie Wolfley, Mrs. Dr. Kirchner, Mrs. Mills, Mrs. Bryden, Mrs. Barnett and Miss Bennett, Mrs. Wibrey, Mrs. Richardson, Mrs. Hodge, Mrs. Thomas, Mrs. Howell, Mrs. Charles Howe of Key West, and Miss Edwards from Massachusetts, were all faithful and earnest workers in the hospitals throughout the war, and Union women when their Unionism involved peril. Miss Sarah Chappell, Miss Cordelia Baggett and Miss Ella Gallagher, also merit the same commendation.

Nor should we fail to do honor to those loyal women in the mountainous districts and towns of the interior of the South. Our prisoners as they were marched through the towns of the South always found some tender pitying hearts, ready to do something for their comfort, if it were only a cup of cold water for their parched lips, or a corn dodger slyly slipped into their hand. Oftentimes these humble but patriotic women received cruel abuse, not only from the rebel soldiers, but from rebel Southern women, who, though perhaps wealthier and in more exalted social position than those whom they scorned, had not their tenderness of heart or their real refinement. Indeed it would be difficult to find in history, even among the fierce brutal women of the French revolution, any record of conduct more absolutely fiendish than that of some of the women of the South during the war. They insisted on the murder of helpless prisoners; in some instances shot them in cold blood themselves, besought their lovers and husbands to bring them Yankee skulls, scalps and bones, for ornaments, betrayed innocent men to death, engaged in intrigues and schemes of all kinds to obtain information of the movements of Union troops, to convey it to the enemy, and in every manifestation of malice, petty spite and diabolical hatred against the flag under which they had been reared, and its defenders, they attained a bad pre-eminence over the evil spirits of their sex since the world began. It is true that these were not the characteristics of all Southern, disloyal women, but they were sufficiently common to make the rebel women of the south the objects of scorn among the people of enlightened nations. Many of these patriotic loyal women, of the mountainous districts, rendered valuable aid to our escaping soldiers, as well as to the Union scouts who were in many cases their own kinsmen. Messrs. Richardson and Browne, the Tribune correspondents so long imprisoned, have given due honor to one of this class, "the nameless heroine" as they call her, Miss Melvina Stevens, a young and beautiful girl who from the age of fourteen had guided escaping Union prisoners past the most dangerous of the rebel garrisons and outposts, on the borders of North Carolina and East Tennessee, at the risk of her liberty and life, solely from her devotion to the national cause. The mountainous regions of East Tennessee, Northern Alabama and Northern Georgia were the home of many of these loyal and energetic Union women—women, who in the face of privation, persecution, death and sometimes outrages worse than death, kept up the courage and patriotic ardor of their husbands, brothers and lovers, and whose lofty self-sacrificing courage no rebel cruelties or indignities could weaken or abate.

MISS HETTY A. JONES.[N]

mong the thousands of noble women who devoted their time and services to the cause of our suffering soldiers during the rebellion there were few who sacrificed more of comfort, money or health, than Miss Hetty A. Jones of Roxborough, in the city of Philadelphia. She was a daughter of the late Rev. Horatio Gates Jones, D.D., for many years pastor of the Lower Merion Baptist Church, and a sister of the Hon. J. Richter Jones, who was Colonel of the Fifty-eighth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, and who was killed at the head of his regiment, near Newbern, N. C., in May, 1863, and grand-daughter of Rev. Dr. David Jones, a revolutionary chaplain, eminently patriotic.

At the commencement of the war Miss Jones freely gave of her means to equip the companies which were organized in her own neighborhood, and when the news came of the death of her brave oldest brother, although for a time shocked by the occurrence, she at once devoted her time and means to relieve the wants of the suffering. She attached herself to the Filbert Street Hospital in Philadelphia, and thither she went for weeks and months, regardless of her own comfort or health. Naturally of a bright and cheerful disposition, she carried these qualities into her work, and wherever she went she dispensed joy and gladness, and the sick men seemed to welcome her presence. One who had abundant means of observing, bears testimony to the power of her brave heart and her pleasant winning smile. He says, "I have often seen her sit and talk away the pain, and make glad the heart of the wounded." Nor did she weary in well-doing. Her services at the hospital were constant and efficient, and when she heard of any sick soldier in her village she would visit him there and procure medicine and comforts for him.

In the fall of 1864 she accompanied a friend to Fortress Monroe to meet his sick and wounded son, and thus was led to see more of the sufferings of our brave patriots. On returning home she expressed a wish to go to the front, and although dissuaded on account of her delicate health, she felt it to be her duty to go, and accordingly on the 2d of November, 1864, she started on her errand of mercy, to City Point, Va., the Headquarters of General Grant. The same untiring energy, the same forgetfulness of self, the same devotion to the sick and wounded, were exhibited by her in this new and arduous field of labor. She became attached to the Third Division Second Corps Hospital of the Army of the Potomac, and at once secured the warm affections of the soldiers.

She continued her work with unremitting devotion until the latter part of November, when she had an attack of pleurisy, caused no doubt, by her over exertions in preparing for the soldiers a Thanksgiving Dinner. On her partial recovery she wrote to a friend, describing her tent and its accommodations. She said: "When I was sick, I did want some home comforts; my straw bed was very hard. But even that difficulty was met. A kind lady procured some pillows from the Christian Commission, and sewed them together, and made me a soft bed. But I did not complain, for I was so much better off than the sick boys." The italics are ours, not hers. She never put her own ease before her care for "the sick boys."

She not only attended to the temporal comforts of the soldiers, but she was equally interested in their spiritual welfare, and was wont to go to the meetings of the Christian Commission. Her letters home and to her friends, were full of details of these meetings, and her heart overflowed with Christian love as she spoke of the brave soldiers rising in scores to ask for the prayers of God's people.

She continued her labors, as far as possible, on her recovery, but was unable to do all that her heart prompted her to attempt. She was urged by her friends at home to return and recruit her strength. In her brief journal she alludes to this, but says, "Another battle is expected; and then our poor crippled boys will need all the care that we can give. God grant that we may do something for them!"

Two days after writing this, in her chilly, leaking tent, she was prostrated again. She was unwilling at first that her family should be made uneasy by sending for them. But her disease soon began to make rapid and alarming progress. She consented that they should be summoned. But on the 21st of December, 1864, the day after this consent was obtained, she passed away to her rest. Like a faithful soldier, she died at her post.

She was in early life led to put her trust in Christ, and was baptized about thirty years ago, by her father, on confession of her faith. She continued from that time a loved member of the Lower Merion Baptist church. In her last hours she still rested with a calm, child-like composure on the finished work of Christ. Though called to die, with none of her own kindred about her, she was blessed with the presence of her Lord, who, having loved his own, loves them unto the end.

Her remains were laid beside those of her father, in the cemetery of the Baptist church at Roxborough, Pa., on Friday, the 30th of December, 1864. A number of the convalescent soldiers from the Filbert Street Hospital in the city, with which she was connected, attended her funeral; and her bier was borne by four of those who had so far recovered as to be able to perform this last office for their departed friend.

Her memory will long be cherished by those who knew her best, and tears often shed over her grave by the brave soldiers whom she nursed in their sickness.

The soldiers of the Filbert Street Hospital, on receiving the intelligence of her death, met and passed resolutions expressive of their high esteem and reverence for her who had been their faithful and untiring friend, and deep sympathy with her friends in their loss.

FINAL CHAPTER.

Among those who were distinguished for services in field, camp or army hospitals, not already named, were the following, most of whom rendered efficient service at Antietam or at the Naval Academy Hospital at Annapolis. Some of them were also at City Point; Miss Mary Cary, of Albany, N. Y., and her sister, most faithful and efficient nurses of the sick and wounded, as worthy doubtless, of a more prominent position in this work as many others found in the preceding pages, Miss Agnes Gillis, of Lowell, Mass., Mrs. Guest, of Buffalo, N. Y., Miss Maria Josslyn, of Roxbury, Mass., Miss Ruth L. Ellis, of Bridgewater, Mass., Miss Kate P. Thompson, of Roxbury, Mass., whose labors at Annapolis, have probably made her permanently an invalid, Miss Eudora Clark, of Boston, Mass., Miss Sarah Allen, of Wilbraham, Mass., Miss Emily Gove, of Peru, N. Y., Miss Caroline Cox, of Mott Haven, N. Y., first at David's Island and afterward at Beverly Hospital, N. J., with Mrs. Gibbons, Miss Charlotte Ford, of Morristown, N. J., Miss Ella Wolcott, of Elmira, N. Y., who was at the hospitals near Fortress Monroe, for some time, and subsequently at Point Lookout.

Another corps of faithful hospital workers were those in the Benton Barracks and other hospitals, in and near St. Louis. Of some of these, subsequently engaged in other fields of labor we have already spoken; a few others merit special mention for their extraordinary faithfulness and assiduity in the service; Miss Emily E. Parsons, the able lady superintendent of the Benton Barracks Hospital, gives her testimony to the efficiency and excellent spirit of the following ladies; Miss S. R. Lovell, of Galesburg, Michigan, whose labors began in the hospitals near Nashville, Tennessee, and in 1864 was transferred to Benton Barracks, but was almost immediately prostrated by illness, and after her recovery returned to the Tennessee hospitals. Her gentle sympathizing manners, and her kindness to the soldiers won for her their regard and gratitude.

Miss Lucy J. Bissell, of Meremec, St. Louis County, Mo., offered her services as volunteer nurse as soon as the call for nurses in 1861, was issued; and was first sent to one of the regimental hospitals at Cairo, in July, 1861, afterward to Bird's Point, where she lived in a tent and subsisted on the soldiers' rations, for more than a year. After a short visit home she was sent in January, 1863, by the Sanitary Commission to Paducah, Ky., where she remained till the following October. In February, 1864, she was assigned to Benton Barracks Hospital where she continued till June 1st, 1864, except a short sickness contracted by hospital service. In July, 1864, she was transferred to Jefferson Barracks Hospital and continued there till June, 1865, and that hospital being closed, served a month or two longer, in one of the others, in which some sick and wounded soldiers were still left. Many hundreds of the soldiers will testify to her untiring assiduity in caring for them.

Mrs. Arabella Tannehill, of Iowa, after many months of assiduous work at the Benton Barracks Hospital, went to the Nashville hospitals, where she performed excellent service, being a most conscientious and faithful nurse, and winning the regard and esteem of all those under her charge.

Mrs. Rebecca S. Smith, of Chelsea, Ill., the wife of a soldier in the army, had acquitted herself so admirably at the Post Hospital of Benton Barracks, that one of the surgeons of the General Hospital, who had formerly been surgeon of the Post, requested Miss Parsons to procure her services for his ward. She did so, and found her a most excellent and skillful nurse.

Mrs. Caroline E. Gray, of Illinois, had also a husband in the army; she was a long time at Benton Barracks and was one of the best nurses there, an estimable woman in every respect.

Miss Adeline A. Lane, of Quincy, Ill., a teacher before the war, came to Benton Barracks Hospital in the Spring of 1863, and after a service of many months there, returned to her home at Quincy, where she devoted her attention to the care of the sick and wounded soldiers sent there, and accomplished great good.

Miss Martha Adams, of New York city, was long employed in the Fort Schuyler Hospital and subsequently at Benton Barracks, and was a woman of rare devotion to her work.

Miss Jennie Tileston Spaulding, of Roxbury, Mass., was for a long period at Fort Schuyler Hospital, where she was much esteemed, and after her return home busied herself in caring for the families of soldiers around her.

Miss E. M. King, of Omaha, Nebraska, was a very faithful and excellent nurse at the Benton Barracks Hospital.

Mrs. Juliana Day, the wife of a surgeon in one of the Nashville hospitals, acted as a volunteer nurse for them, and by her protracted services there impaired her health and died before the close of the war.

Other efficient nurses appointed by the Western Sanitary Commission (and there were none more efficient anywhere) were, Miss Carrie C. McNair, Miss N. A. Shepard, Miss C. A. Harwood, Miss Rebecca M. Craighead, Miss Ida Johnson, Mrs. Dorothea Ogden, Miss Harriet N. Phillips, Mrs. A. Reese, Mrs. Maria Brooks, Mrs. Mary Otis, Miss Harriet Peabody, Mrs. M. A. Wells, Mrs. Florence P. Sterling, Miss N. L. Ostram, Mrs. Anne Ward, Miss Isabella M. Hartshorne, Mrs. Mary Ellis, Mrs. L. E. Lathrop, Miss Louisa Otis, Mrs. Lydia Leach, Mrs. Mary Andrews, Mrs. Mary Ludlow, Mrs. Hannah A. Haines and Mrs. Mary Allen. Most of these were from St. Louis or its vicinity.

The following, also for the most part from St. Louis, were appointed somewhat later by the Western Sanitary Commission, but rendered excellent service. Mrs. M. I. Ballard, Mrs. E. O. Gibson, Mrs. L. D. Aldrich, Mrs. Houghton, Mrs. Sarah A. Barton, Mrs. Olive Freeman, Mrs. Anne M. Shattuck, Mrs. E. C. Brendell, Mrs. E. J. Morris, Miss Fanny Marshall, Mrs. Elizabeth A. Nichols, Mrs. H. A. Reid, Mrs. Reese, Mrs. M. A. Stetler, Mrs. M. J. Dykeman, Misses Marian and Clara McClintock, Mrs. Sager, Mrs. Peabody, Mrs. C. C. Hagar, Mrs. J. E. Hickox, Mrs. L. L. Campbell, Miss Deborah Dougherty and Mrs. Ferris.

As in other cities, many ladies of high social position, devoted themselves with great assiduity to voluntary visiting and nursing at the hospitals. Among these were Mrs. Chauncey I. Filley, wife of Mayor Filley, Mrs. Robert Anderson, wife of General Anderson, Mrs. Jessie B. Fremont, wife of General Fremont, Mrs. Clinton B. Fisk, wife of General Fisk, Mrs. E. M. Webber, Mrs. A. M. Clark, Mrs. John Campbell, Mrs. W. F. Cozzens, Mrs. E. W. Davis, Miss S. F. McCracken, Miss Anna M. Debenham, since deceased, Miss Susan Bell, Miss Charlotte Ledergerber, Mrs. S. C. Davis, Mrs. Hazard, Mrs. T. D. Edgar, Mrs. George Partridge, Miss E. A. Hart, since deceased, Mrs. H. A. Nelson, Mrs. F. A. Holden, Mrs. Hicks, Mrs. Baily, Mrs. Elizabeth Jones, Mrs. C. V. Barker, Miss Bettie Broadhead, Mrs. T. M. Post, Mrs. E. J. Page, Miss Jane Patrick, since deceased, Mrs. R. H. Stone, Mrs. C. P. Coolidge, Mrs. S. R. Ward, Mrs. Washington King, Mrs. Wyllys King, Miss Fales, since deceased.

The following were among the noble women at Springfield, Ill., who were most devoted in their labors for the soldier in forwarding sanitary supplies, in visiting the hospitals in and near Springfield, in sustaining the Soldiers' Home in that city, and in aiding the families of soldiers. Mrs. Lucretia Jane Tilton, Miss Catharine Tilton, Mrs. Lucretia P. Wood, Mrs. P. C. Latham, Mrs. M. E. Halbert, Mrs. Zimmerman, Mrs. J. D. B. Salter, Mrs. John Ives, Mrs. Mary Engleman, Mrs. Paul Selby, Mrs. S. H. Melvin, Mrs. Stoneberger, Mrs. Schaums, Mrs. E. Curtiss, Mrs. L. Snell, Mrs. J. Nutt and Mrs. J. P. Reynolds. Mrs. R. H. Bennison, of Quincy, Ill., was also a faithful hospital visitor and friend of the soldier. Mrs. Dr. Ely, of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, efficient in every good work throughout the war, and at its close the active promoter and superintendent of a Home for Soldiers' Orphans, near Davenport, Iowa, is deserving of all honor.

Miss Georgiana Willets, of Jersey City, N. J., a faithful and earnest helper at the front from 1864 to the end of the war, deserves especial mention, as do also Miss Molineux, sister of General Molineux and Miss McCabe, of Brooklyn, N. Y., who were, throughout the war, active in aiding the soldiers by all the means in their power. Miss Sophronia Bucklin, of Auburn, N. Y., an untiring and patient worker among the soldiers of the Army of the Potomac, also deserves a place in our record.

Cincinnati had a large band of noble hospital workers, women who gave freely of their own property as well as their personal services for the care and comfort of the soldier. Among these were, Mrs. Crafts J. Wright, wife of Colonel Crafts J. Wright, was among the first hospital visiters of the city, and was unwearied in her efforts to provide comforts for the soldiers in the general hospitals of the city as well as for the sick or wounded soldiers of her husband's regiment in the field. Mrs. C. W. Starbuck, Mrs. Peter Gibson, Mrs. William Woods and Mrs. Caldwell, were also active in visiting the hospitals and gave largely to the soldiers who were sick there. Miss Penfield and Mrs. Elizabeth S. Comstock, of Michigan, Mrs. C. E. Russell, of Detroit, Mrs. Harriet B. Dame, of Wisconsin and the Misses Rexford, of Illinois, were remarkably efficient, not only in the hospitals at home, but at the front, where they were long engaged in caring for the soldiers.

From Niagara Falls, N. Y., Miss Elizabeth L. Porter, sister of the late gallant Colonel Peter A. Porter, went to the Baltimore Hospitals and for nineteen months devoted her time and her ample fortune to the service of the soldiers, with an assiduity which has rendered her an invalid ever since.

In Louisville, Ky., Mrs. Menefee and Mrs. Smith, wife of the Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church for the diocese of Kentucky, were the leaders of a faithful band of hospital visitors in that city.

Boston was filled with patriotic women; to name them all would be almost like publishing a directory of the city. Mrs. Lowell, who gave two sons to the war, both of whom were slain at the head of their commands, was herself one of the most zealous laborers in behalf of the soldier in Boston or its vicinity. Like Miss Wormeley and Miss Gilson, she took a contract for clothing from the government, to provide work for the soldiers' families, preparing the work for them and giving them more than she received. Her daughter, Miss Anna Lowell, was on one of the Hospital Transports in the Peninsula, and arrived at Harrison's Landing, where she met the news of her brother's death in the battles of the Seven Days, but burying her sorrows in her heart, she took charge of a ward on the Transport when it returned, and from the summer of 1862 till the close of the war was in charge as lady superintendent, of the Armory Square Hospital, Washington. Other ladies hardly less active were Mrs. Amelia L. Holmes, wife of the poet and essayist, Miss Hannah E. Stevenson, Miss Ira E. Loring, Mrs. George H. Shaw, Mrs. Martin Brimmer and Mrs. William B. Rogers. Miss Mary Felton, of Cambridge, Mass., served for a long time with her friend, Miss Anna Lowell, at Armory Square Hospital, Washington. Miss Louise M. Alcott, daughter of A. B. Alcott, of Concord, Mass., and herself the author of a little book on "Hospital Scenes," as well as other works, was for some time an efficient nurse in one of the Washington hospitals.

Among the leaders in the organization of Soldiers' Aid Societies in the smaller cities and towns, those ladies who gave the impulse which during the whole war vibrated through the souls of those who came within the sphere of their influence, there are very many eminently deserving of a place in our record. A few we must name. Mrs. Heyle, Mrs. Ide and Miss Swayne, daughter of Judge Swayne of the United States Supreme Court, all of Columbus, Ohio, did an excellent work there. The Soldiers' Home of that city, founded and sustained by their efforts, was one of the best in the country. Mrs. T. W. Seward, of Utica, was indefatigable in her efforts for maintaining in its highest condition of activity the Aid Society of that city. Mrs. Sarah J. Cowen was similarly efficient in Hartford, Conn. Miss Long, at Rochester, N. Y., was the soul of the efforts for the soldier there, and her labors were warmly seconded by many ladies of high standing and earnest patriotism. In Norwalk, Ohio, Mrs. Lizzie H. Farr was one of the most zealous coadjutors of those ladies who managed with such wonderful ability the affairs of the Soldiers' Aid Society of Northern Ohio, at Cleveland. To her is due the origination of the Alert Clubs, associations of young girls for the purpose of working for the soldiers and their families, which rapidly spread thence over the country. Never flagging in her efforts for the soldiers, Mrs. Farr exerted a powerful and almost electric influence over the region of which Norwalk is the centre.

Equally efficient, and perhaps exerting a wider influence, was the Secretary of the Soldiers' Aid Society at Peoria, Ill., Miss Mary E. Bartlett, a lady of superior culture and refinement, and indefatigable in her exertions for raising supplies for the soldiers, from the beginning to the close of the war. The Western Sanitary Commission had no more active auxiliary out of St. Louis, than the Soldiers' Aid Society of Peoria.

Among the ladies who labored for the relief of the Freedmen, Miss Sophia Knight of South Reading, Mass., deserves a place. After spending five or six months in Benton Barracks Hospital (May to October, 1864) she went to Natchez, Miss., and engaged as teacher of the Freedmen, under the direction of the Western Sanitary Commission. Not satisfied with teaching the colored children, she instructed also the colored soldiers in the fort, and visited the people in their homes and the hospitals for sick and wounded colored soldiers. She remained in Natchez until May, 1865. In the following autumn she accepted an appointment from the New England Freedman's Aid Society as teacher of the Freedmen in South Carolina, on Edisto Island, where she remained until July, 1866; she then returned to Boston, where she is still engaged in teaching freedmen.

But time and space would both fail us were we to attempt to put on record the tithe of names which memory recalls of those whose labors and sacrifices of health and life for the cause of the nation, have been not less heroic or noble than those of the soldiers whom they have sought to serve. In the book of God's remembrance their names and their deeds of love and mercy are all inscribed, and in the great day of reckoning, when that record shall be proclaimed in the sight and hearing of an assembled universe, it will be their joyful privilege to hear from the lips of the Supreme Judge, the welcome words, "Inasmuch as ye did it unto one of the least of these, my brethren, ye did it unto me."

INDEX

• Abernethy, Mrs. C., 528.
• Adams, Miss H. A., 74, 79, 630, 636, 639.
• Adams, Miss Martha, 789.
• Adams, Mrs. N., 594.
• Alcott, Miss Louise M., 793.
• Aldrich, Mrs. L. D., 790.
• Aldrich, Milly, 85.
• Allen, Mrs. Mary, 790.
• Allen, Miss Phebe, 502.
• Allen, Miss Sarah, 459, 788.
• Anderson, Mrs. Kate B., 737.
• Anderson, Mrs. Robert, 630, 790.
• Andrews, Emma, 84.
• Andrews, Mrs. Mary, 790.
• Archer, Mrs., 79.
• Armstrong, Miss, 209.
  
  
• Babcock, Miss Grace, 590.
• Bacon, Mrs. Elbridge, 463.
• Bailey, Mrs., 301, 731.
• Bailey, Mrs. Catharine, 737.
• Bailey, Mrs. Hannah F., 737.
• Baily, Mrs., 791.
• Baker, Miss Delphine P., 754-759.
• Bakewell, Miss, 616.
• Ballard, Mrs. M. I., 790.
• Balustier, Mrs., 301, 732.
• Barker, Mrs. C. N., 630, 632.
• Barker, Mrs. C. V., 791.
• Barker, Mrs. Stephen, 186, 200-211.
• Barlow, Mrs. Arabella Griffith, 88, 225-233.
• Barnard, Mrs., 664.
• Barnett, Mrs., 780.
• Barrows, Mrs. Ellen B., 737.
• Bartlett, Miss Mary E., 794.
• Bartlett, Mrs. Abner, 84.
• Barton, Mrs. Sarah A., 790.
• Barton, Miss Clara Harlowe, 73, 111-132.
• Baylis, Mrs. H., 528.
• Beck, Mrs., 157, 159, 485, 713.
• Bell, Miss Annie, 616.
• Bell, Miss Susan J., 630, 790.
• Bellows, Mrs. H. W., 302.
• Bennett, Miss, 780.
• Bennison, Mrs. R. H., 791.
• Bergen, Miss Rebecca, 428.
• Bickerdyke, Mrs. Mary A., 74, 163, 165-170, 172-186, 209, 512.
• Biddle, Misses, 644.
• Bigelow, Mrs. R. M., 738-740.
• Billing, Mrs. R. K., 738, 739.
• Billing, Miss Rose M., 460, 738, 739, 742.
• Bird, Miss, 590.
• Bissell, Miss Lucy J., 788.
• Bissell, Miss Mary, 616.
• Blackmar, Miss M. A., 429, 430.
• Blackwell, Miss Emily, 527.
• Blackwell, Miss Elizabeth, 527, 528, 529.
• Blanchard, Miss Anna, 600.
• Blanchard, Miss H., 600.
• Booth, Mrs., 769.
• Botta, Mrs. Vincenzo, 528.
• Boyer, Mrs. Margaret, 736.
• Bradford, Miss Charlotte, 153, 301, 316, 731, 732.
• Bradley, Miss Amy M., 212-224, 301, 316, 584, 732, 748.
• Brady, Mrs. Mary A., 597, 647-9.
• Brayton, Miss Mary Clark, 74, 79, 540, 543, 545, 546, 547-552.
• Breckinridge, Miss Margaret E., 74, 88, 187, 199, 779.
• Brendell, Mrs. E. C., 790.
• Brewster, Mrs., 664.
• Bridgham, Mrs. S. W., 531.
• Brimmer, Mrs. Martin, 557, 793.
• Broadhead, Mrs. Bettie, 632, 791.
• Brooks, Mrs. Maria, 790.
• Brownell, Mrs. Kady, 773, 774.
• Bryden, Mrs., 780.
• Bucklin, Miss Sophronia, 791.
  
  
• Caldwell, Mrs., 792.
• Campbell, Mrs. John, 790.
• Campbell, Mrs. Lucy L., 790.
• Campbell, Miss Valeria, 79, 594, 595.
• Canfield, Mrs. S. A. Martha, 495.
• Carver, Mrs. Anna, 647.
• Cary, Miss Mary, 459, 787.
• Case, Mrs. Cynthia, 742.
• Cassedy, Mrs. Mary A., 737.
• Chase, Miss Nellie, 644.
• Chapman, Mrs.354.
• Chapman, Miss G. D., 714.
• Chipman, Mrs. H. L., 594.
• Clapp, Mrs. Anna L., 79, 630, 634-636, 715, 767, 779.
• Clapp, Mrs. Samuel H., 599.
• Clark, Mrs. A. M., 790.
• Clark, Miss Eudora, 458, 788.
• Clark, Mrs. Lincoln, 165.
• Colby, Mrs. Robert, 530.
• Colfax, Mrs. Harriet R., 74, 395-399.
• Collins, Miss Ellen, 79, 528, 533, 534, 536.
• Colt, Mrs. Henrietta L., 79, 568, 586, 607, 609-613.
• Colwell, Mrs. Stephen, 643.
• Conrad, Mrs. R. E., 377.
• Constant, Mrs. Nettie C., 714.
• Coolidge, Mrs. C. P., 791.
• Combs, Mrs. Sarah, 715.
• Comstock, Mrs. Elizabeth S., 792.
• Cowen, Mrs. Sarah J., 793.
• Courteney, Mrs. Mary, 737.
• Cox, Miss Caroline, 788.
• Cozzens, Mrs. W. F., 790.
• Craighead, Miss Rebecca M., 790.
• Crawshaw, Mrs. Joseph, 630, 715.
• Curtis, Mrs. George, 537.
• Curtiss, Mrs. E., 791.
  
  
• Dada, Miss Hattie A., 431-439.
• Dame, Mrs. Harriet B., 792.
• Dana, Miss Emily W., 456, 462.
• Davis, Miss Clara, 295, 400-403, 480.
• Davis, Mrs. E. W., 790.
• Davis, Mrs. G. T. M., 352-356, 666, 680.
• Davis, Mrs. Samuel C., 630, 790.
• Day, Mrs. Juliana, 789.
• Debenham, Miss Anna M., 630, 790.
• Delafield, Mrs. Louisa M., 607.
• Denham, Mrs. Z., 644.
• Detmold, Miss Z. T., 537.
• Divers, Bridget, 480, 593, 771-773.
• Dix, Miss Dorothea L., 71, 97-108, 134, 271, 290, 431, 432, 449, 472, 478, 512, 579.
• Dodge, Mrs., 664.
• Don Carlos, Mrs. Minnie, 780.
• D'Orémieulx, Mrs. T., 528, 531.
• Dougherty, Miss Deborah, 790.
• Duane, Miss M. M., 599.
• Dunlap, Miss S. B., 599.
• Dupee, Miss Mary E., 456, 462, 463, 464.
• Dykeman, Mrs. M. J., 790.
  
  
• Eaton, Mrs. J. S., 463, 507, 508.
• Eaton, Mrs. Lucien, 715.
• Edgar, Mrs. T. D., 791.
• Edson, Mrs. Sarah P., 440-447.
• Edwards, Miss, 780.
• Elkinton, Mrs. Anna A., 737.
• Elliott, Miss Melcenia, 74, 380-384.
• Ellis, Mrs. Mary, 790.
• Ellis, Miss Ruth L., 458, 787.
• Ely, Mrs. Charles L., 630.
• Ely, Mrs. Dr., 791.
• Engleman, Mrs. Mary, 791.
• Etheridge, Mrs. Annie, 218, 301, 593, 747-753.
  
  
• Fales, Mrs. Almira, 73, 279-283, 449, 450, 483, 677.
• Fales, Miss, 791.
• Farr, Mrs. Lizzie H., 793.
• Fellows, Mrs. W. M., 530.
• Felton, Miss Mary, 793.
• Femington, Mrs. Sarah, 736.
• Fenn, Mrs. Curtis T., 660-670.
• Fernald, Mrs. James E., 463.
• Ferris, Mrs., 790.
• Field, Mrs. David Dudley, 88.
• Field, Mrs. Mary E., 737.
• Field, Miss, 737.
• Field, Mrs. C. W., 528.
• Field, Mrs. Samuel, 599.
• Filley, Mrs. Chauncey I., 790.
• Fish, Mrs. Hamilton, 528, 529.
• Fisk, Mrs. Clinton B., 713, 790.
• Flanders, Mrs. Benj., 780.
• Flanders, Miss Fanny, 780.
• Flanders, Miss Florence, 780.
• Fogg, Mrs. Mary R., 715.
• Fogg, Mrs. Isabella, 463, 506-510.
• Follett, Mrs. Joseph E., 590.
• Foote, Miss Kate, 418.
• Ford, Miss Charlotte, 459, 788.
• Fox, Miss Harriet, 463.
• Francis, Miss Abby, 209.
• Frederick, Mrs. M. L., 599.
• Freeman, Mrs. Olive, 790.
• Fremont, Mrs. Jessie B., 274, 790.
• Frietchie, Barbara, 522, 761-763, 767
• Furness, Mrs. W. H., 599.
  
  
• Gage, Mrs. Frances Dana, 683-690.
• Gardiner, Miss M., 301, 732.
• George, Mrs. E. E., 511-513.
• Gibbons, Mrs. A. H., 467-476, 788.
• Gibbons, Miss Sarah H., 467-476.
• Gibson, Mrs. E. O., 396, 399, 790.
• Gibson, Mrs. Peter, 792.
• Gillespie, Mrs. E. D., 599.
• Gillis, Miss Agnes, 459, 787.
• Gilson, Miss Helen L., 71, 73, 80, 81, 133-148, 232, 301, 316, 713, 732.
• Glover, Miss Eliza S., 630.
• Gove, Miss Emily, 459, 788.
• Graff, Mrs. C, 599.
• Gray, Mrs. Caroline E., 789.
• Greble, Mrs. Edwin, 503, 504.
• Green, Mrs., 736.
• Grier, Mrs. Maria C., 597-599, 600, 601, 779.
• Griffin, Mrs. Josephine R., 707-709.
• Griffin, Mrs. William Preston, 301, 316, 528, 529, 530, 534.
• Grover, Mrs. Mary, 736.
• Grover, Mrs. Priscilla, 736.
• Grover, Miss, 737.
• Guest, Mrs., 459, 787.
  
  
• Hagar, Mrs. C. C., 704, 790.
• Hagar, Miss Sarah J., 704, 706.
• Haines, Mrs. Hannah A., 790.
• Hall, Miss Maria M. C., 157, 247, 290, 401, 448-454, 456, 457, 460, 483, 485, 644.
• Hall, Miss Susan E., 431-439.
• Halbert, Mrs. M. E., 791.
• Hallowell, Mrs. M. M., 710-712.
• Hancock, Miss Cornelia, 284-286, 487, 644.
• Harlan, Mrs. James, 676, 678.
• Harmon, Miss Amelia, 777, 778.
• Harris, Mrs. John, 72, 73, 79, 149-160, 367, 450, 482, 483, 485, 596, 643, 644, 645, 713.
• Harris, Miss W. F., 742, 743.
• Hart, Miss E. A., 791.
• Hartshorne, Miss Isabella M., 790.
• Harvey, Mrs. Cordelia A. P., 73, 164, 260-268, 729.
• Harwood, Miss C. A., 790.
• Hawley, Miss E. P., 600.
• Hawley, Mrs. Harriet Foote, 416-419, 513, 713.
• Hazard, Mrs., 790.
• Helmbold, Mrs. Eliza, 737.
• Heyle, Mrs., 793.
• Hickox, Mrs. J. E., 790.
• Hicks, Mrs., 791.
• Hoadley, Mrs. George, 79.
• Hoes, Mrs. H. F., 713.
• Hodge, Mrs., 780.
• Hoge, Mrs. A. H., 74, 79, 178, 561, 562-576, 580, 583, 585, 589, 610.
• Holden, Mrs. F. A., 791.
• Holland, Miss Sarah, 736.
• Holmes, Mrs. Amelia L., 793.
• Holmes, Miss Belle, 630.
• Holstein, Mrs. William H., 251-259.
• Home, Miss Jessie, 422, 427, 428, 480.
• Hooper, Mrs. Lucy H., 764.
• Horton, Mrs. Elizabeth, 737.
• Hosmer, Mrs. O. E., 719-724.
• Houghton, Mrs., 790.
• Howe, Miss Abbie J., 458, 465, 466.
• Howe, Mrs. Charles, 780.
• Howe, Mrs. T. O., 164.
• Howell, Mrs., 780.
• Howland, Mrs. Eliza W., 301, 324-326.
• Howland, Mrs. Robert S., 88, 326, 327.
• Humphrey, Miss, 164.
• Husband, Mrs. Mary Morris, 157, 287-298, 301, 316, 401, 451, 483, 485, 486, 507, 596.
  
  
• Ide, Mrs., 793.
• Ives, Mrs. John, 791.
  
  
• Jackson, Mrs. Margaret A., 607.
• Jessup, Mrs. A. D., 599.
• Johnson, Miss Addie E., 399.
• Johnson, Miss Ida, 790.
• Johnson, Mrs. J. Warner, 599.
• Johnson, Mrs., 209, 210.
• Johnston, Mrs. Sarah R., 269-272, 779.
• Jones, Mrs. Elizabeth, 791.
• Jones, Miss Hetty A., 783, 786.
• Jones, Mrs. Joel, 79, 643.
• Josslyn, Miss Maria, 459, 787.
  
  
• Kellogg, Mrs. S. B., 630.
• King, Miss E. M., 789.
• King, Mrs. Washington, 630, 791.
• King, Mrs. Wyllys, 791.
• Kirchner, Mrs. Dr., 780.
• Kirkland, Mrs. Caroline M., 88, 528.
• Knight, Miss A. M., 705.
• Knight, Miss Sophia, 794.
• Krider, Miss, 737.
  
  
• Lane, Miss Adeline A., 789.
• Lane, Mrs. David, 530, 537.
• Latham, Mrs. P. C., 791.
• Lathrop, Mrs. L. E., 790.
• Lathrop, Mrs., 599.
• Leach, Mrs. Lydia, 790.
• Ledergerber, Miss Charlotte, 790.
• Lee, Miss Amanda, 480, 486, 737.
• Lee, Mrs. Mary W., 73, 157, 480-488, 596, 644, 647, 733, 737.
• Little, Miss Anna P., 647.
• Livermore, Mrs. Mary A., 74, 79, 85, 178, 359, 561, 566, 569, 577-589, 610.
• Long, Miss, 793.
• Loring, Miss Ira E., 557, 793.
• Lovejoy, Miss Sarah E. M., 714.
• Lovell, Miss S. R., 788.
• Lowell, Miss Anna, 792, 793.
• Lowell, Mrs., 792.
• Lowry, Mrs. Ellen J., 736.
• Ludlow, Mrs. Mary, 790.
  
  
• McCabe, Miss, 791.
• McClintock, Miss Clara, 790.
• McClintock, Miss Marian, 790.
• McCracken, Miss Sarah F., 790.
• McEwen, Mrs. Hetty M., 764-766, 767.
• McFadden, Miss Rachel W., 79, 616.
• McKay, Mrs. Charlotte E., 514-516.
• McMeens, Mrs. Anna C., 491, 492.
• McMillan, Mrs., 616.
• McNair, Miss Carrie C., 790.
• Maertz, Miss Louisa, 74, 390-394.
• Maltby, Mrs. F. F., 630.
• Mann, Miss Maria R., 697-703.
• Marsh, Mrs. M. M., 534, 621-629.
• Marshall, Miss Fanny, 790.
• Mason, Mrs. Emily, 737.
• May, Miss Abby W., 79, 554-557.
• Mayhew, Mrs. Ruth S., 463, 506.
• Melvin, Mrs. S. H., 791.
• Mendenhall, Mrs. Elizabeth S., 79, 494, 617-620.
• Menefee, Mrs., 792.
• Merrill, Mrs. Eunice D., 457, 462.
• Merritt, Mrs., 302.
• Mills, Mrs., 780.
• Mitchell, Miss Ellen E., 420-426.
• Molineux, Miss, 791.
• Moore, Mrs. Clara J., 597, 599.
• Moore, Mrs., (of Knoxville, Tenn.), 767, 768.
• Morris, Mrs. E. J., 790.
• Morris, Miss, 354, 496.
• Morris, Miss Rachel W., 600.
• Moss, Miss M. J., 600.
• Munsell, Mrs. Jane R., 522, 523.
• Murdoch, Miss Ellen E., 616, 633.
  
  
• Nash, Miss C., 537.
• Nelson, Mrs. H. A., 791.
• Newhall, Miss Susan, 456, 461, 464.
• Nichols, Mrs. Elizabeth A., 790.
• Noye, Miss Helen M., 456, 459.
• Nutt, Mrs. J., 791.
  
  
• Ogden, Mrs. Dorothea, 790.
• Oliver, Mrs., 664.
• Ostram, Miss N. L., 790.
• Otis, Miss Louisa, 790.
• Otis, Mrs. Mary, 790.
  
  
• Page, Miss Eliza, 631.
• Page, Mrs. E. J., 791.
• Painter, Mrs. Hetty K., 644, 647.
• Palmer, Mrs. Mary E., 81, 88, 630, 640-642.
• Palmer, Mrs. John, 594.
• Pancoast, Mrs., 656.
• Parrish, Mrs. Lydia G., 362-373, 599.
• Parsons, Miss Emily E., 74, 273-278, 382, 489, 502, 788.
• Partridge, Mrs. George, 791.
• Patrick, Miss Jane, 791.
• Peabody, Miss Harriet, 790.
• Peabody, Mrs., 790.
• Penfield, Miss, 792.
• Pettes, Miss Mary Dwight, 385-389.
• Phelps, Mrs. John S., 520, 521, 713, 779.
• Pierson, Miss Mary, 457, 462.
• Phillips, Miss Harriet N., 790.
• Pinkham, Miss, 644.
• Plummer, Mrs. Eliza G., 73, 88, 735.
• Plummer, Mrs. S. A., 396, 399.
• Pomeroy, Mrs. Lucy G., 88, 691-696.
• Pomeroy, Mrs. Robert, 664.
• Porter, Mrs. Eliza C., 74, 161-171, 174, 182, 183, 185, 186, 209, 512, 560.
• Porter, Miss Elizabeth L., 791.
• Post, Miss A., 537.
• Post, Mrs. T. M., 630, 791.
• Preble, Mrs. William, 463.
  
  
• Quimby, Miss Almira, 456-462.
  
  
• Reese, Mrs. A., 790.
• Reid, Mrs. H. A., 790.
• Reifsnyder, Miss Hattie S., 742.
• Reynolds, Mrs. J. P., 791.
• Rexford, Misses, 792.
• Rich, Miss, 370.
• Richardson, Mrs., 780.
• Ricketts, Mrs. Fanny L., 480, 517-519.
• Robinson, Miss Belle, 742.
• Rogers, Mrs. William B., 557, 793.
• Ross, Miss Anna Maria, 88, 343-351, 644, 733.
• Rouse, Mrs. B., 79, 540, 544, 545.
• Royce, Miss Alice F., 713.
• Russell, Mrs. E. A., 679.
• Russell, Mrs. E. J., 477-479.
• Russell, Mrs. C. E., 792.
  
  
• Safford, Miss Mary J., 163, 357-361.
• Sager, Mrs., 790.
• Salomon, Mrs. Eliza, 613, 614.
• Salter, Mrs. J. D. B., 791.
• Sampson, Mrs., 644.
• Schaums, Mrs., 791.
• Schuyler, Mrs. G. L., 528.
• Schuyler, Miss Louisa Lee, 79, 532, 534, 537.
• Selby, Mrs. Paul, 791.
• Seward, Mrs. T. W., 793.
• Seymour, Mrs. Horatio, 79, 590-592.
• Sharpless, Miss Hattie R., 741-743.
• Shattuck, Mrs. Anna M., 790.
• Shaw, the Misses, 537.
• Shaw, Mrs. G. H., 557, 793.
• Sheffield, Miss Mary E., 714.
• Sheads, Miss Carrie, 776, 777.
• Shepard, Miss N. A., 790.
• Sibley, Miss S. A., 594.
• Small, Mrs. Jerusha C., 493, 494.
• Smith, Mrs. Aubrey H., 599.
• Smith, Mrs. Hannah, 736.
• Smith, Mrs., 792.
• Smith, Mrs. Eliza J., 737.
• Smith, Mrs. Rebecca S., 789.
• Snell, Mrs. L., 791.
• Spaulding Miss Jennie Tileston, 789.
• Spencer, Mrs. R. H., 404-415.
• Springer, Mrs. C. R., 80, 630, 639, 640.
• Starr, Mrs. Lucy E., 713, 728-730.
• Starbuck, Mrs. C. W., 792.
• Stearns, Mrs. S. Burger, 760.
• Steel, Mrs., 209.
• Sterling, Mrs. Florence P., 790.
• Stetler, Mrs. M. A., 790.
• Stevens, Miss Gertrude, 537.
• Stevens, Miss Melvina, 782.
• Stevens, Mrs. N., 715.
• Stevenson, Miss Hannah E., 793.
• Steward, Miss Ella, 616.
• Stillé, Mrs. Charles J., 599.
• Stone, Mrs. R. H., 791.
• Stoneberger, Mrs., 791.
• Stranahan, Mrs. Mariamne F., 79, 537, 651-658.
• Streeter, Mrs. Elizabeth M., 655-659.
• Strong, Mrs. George T., 301.
• Swett, Mrs. J. A., 528.
• Swayne, Miss, 793.
  
  
• Tannehill, Mrs. Arabella, 789.
• Taylor, Miss Alice, 239, 240, 768, 769.
• Taylor, Mrs. Nellie Maria, 234, 240, 779, 780.
• Terry, Miss Ellen F., 540, 543, 546, 547.
• Tevis, Mrs. J., 599.
• Thomas, Mrs. E., 496.
• Thomas, Mrs. (of New Orleans), 780.
• Thompson, Miss Kate P., 458, 788.
• Ticknor, Miss Anna, 557.
• Ticknor, Mrs. George, 323, 557.
• Tileston, Miss Jennie, 789.
• Tilton, Miss Catherine, 791.
• Tilton, Mrs. Lucretia Jane, 791.
• Tinkham, Mrs. Smith, 720, 722.
• Titcomb, Miss Louise, 247, 453, 456, 461, 463.
• Titlow, Mrs. Effie, 522, 767.
• Tompkins, Miss Cornelia M., 489, 490.
• Trotter, Mrs. Laura, 301.
• Turchin, Madame, 480, 770, 771.
• Tyler, Mrs. Adaline, 241-250, 453, 456, 461, 464.
• Tyson, Miss, 157, 159, 485, 713.
  
  
• Usher, Miss Rebecca R., 456, 461, 463.
  
  
• Vance, Miss Mary, 429, 430.
• Vanderkieft, Mrs. Dr., 247.
  
  
• Wade, Mrs. Jennie, 88, 775, 776.
• Wade, Mrs. Mary B., 736.
• Walker, Miss Adeline, 456, 457, 462.
• Wallace, Miss, 209.
• Wallace, Mrs. Martha A., 73.
• Ward, Mrs. Anne, 790.
• Ward, Mrs. S. R., 791.
• Waterbury, Miss Kate E., 651, 658.
• Waterman, Mrs., 644.
• Webber, Mrs. E. M., 790.
• Weed, Mrs. H. M., 715.
• Wells, Mrs. Shepard, 497, 498, 779.
• Whetten, Miss Harriet Douglas, 301, 316, 322.
• Whitaker, Miss Mary A., 714.
• Wibrey, Mrs., 780.
• Willets, Miss Georgiana, 791.
• Williams, Miss, 245.
• Wiswall, Miss Hattie, 725-727.
• Witherell, Mrs. E. C., 499-501.
• Wittenmeyer, Mrs. Annie, 374-379, 509.
• Wolcott, Miss Ella, 459, 788.
• Wolfley, Mrs., 780.
• Wolfley, Miss Carrie, 780.
• Wood, Mrs. Lucretia P., 791.
• Woods, Mrs. William, 792.
• Woolsey, Miss Georgiana M., 301, 303, 322, 323, 324, 327-342, 472.
• Woolsey, Miss Jane Stuart, 322, 324, 342, 472, 713.
• Woolsey, Miss Sarah C., 322, 342.
• Woolsey, Mrs., 328.
• Wormeley, Miss Katharine P., 80, 301, 303, 318-323, 327, 480.
• Wright, Mrs. Crafts J., 791.
  
  
• Young, Miss M. A. B., 459.
  
  
• Zimmerman, Mrs., 791.