| Coast Grain | 1 | German crown | per 15 Kaylah. |
| Indian ” | 1 | ” | ” 16 ” |
At harvest time even 130 Kaylah may be bought for a dollar.
| Muhindy or maize— | ||||
| Coast grain | 1 | German crown | per 16 Kaylah. | |
| Wheat (all imported)— | ||||
| 1st quality | 10 | German crowns | per Kandi. | |
| 2nd ” | 9 | ” | ” | |
| Flour (America) | 4 | ” | per barrel. | |
| ” (Maskat) | 2 to 3 ” | ” Juniyah. | ||
| Bájri, Arabic Dukhn, Guinea corn, Pennisetum typhoideum (imported) the best from Cutch | 1 | German crown | per 13 Kaylah. | |
Of this grain not more than 50 sacks are grown on the Island.
| Pulse. | |||
| Lobiya (best and largest is the white from Mozambique) | 1 | German crown | per 8 Kaylah. |
| Lobiya (smaller reddish) | 1 | ” | ” 10 ” |
| ” (small red) | 1 | ” | ” 12 ” |
| ” (inferior) | 1 | ” | ” 14 ” |
| Chaná, Arab. Hummus, Persian Nukhud, Kis. ‘dengu’ Anglo-Indian ‘gram’ from Port. Grão (Mandavie best) | 12 | German crowns | per Kandi. |
| Chaná (Banjáru red, called black) | 8 | ” | ” |
| Chaná (Jambusiri yellow, called white) | 8 | ” | ” |
| Sesamum (Tel, Kunjid, or Futa) | 1 | German crown | per 7 Kaylah. |
This article has greatly varied of late in price: from 6 to 8½ Kaylah have been bought for a dollar.
| Thúr[80] (Arab. Túriyán Kis. Baradi) | 1 | German crown | per 10 Kaylah. |
| Mung (Persian Mash Kis. Chiroko) | 1 | ” | ” 9 ” |
| (small and green, boiled and eaten in pillows.) | |||
| Urat[81] (or Papri Kis. P’hawi) | 1 | German crown | per 10 Kaylah. |
| Mustard seed | 1 | ” | ” 12 ” |
Mahogo or Manioc, five small pieces for a pice. It is extraordinarily dear.
Cucumbers—three per pice. They are brought from the coast.
Betel-nut—from seven to eight per pice.
Betel-leaves—the Rabtah of 30 leaves (it sometimes contains 50) for a pice.
Fruits.
Cocoa-nuts—7½ German crowns per 1000.
Mangos now a fancy price—half a dollar will be paid for the Kafír, or basket, which costs 4 or 5 pice in the season.
Jack-fruit—3, 4, or 5 pice a piece.
Oranges now in season. Three pice for 50 or 60 good fruit, and 100 if inferior.
Plantains are out of season. From half a dollar to two dollars per bunch.
Pine-apples rare—5, 6, or 7 pice each. When cheap they are to be had for half a pice.
| Dates. | ||||
| Best quality | ¾ | German crown | per Farsaleh. | |
| 2nd ” | 11 | Annas | ” | |
| 3rd ” | 10 | ” | ||
| 4th ” | 9 | ” | ||
| Ghee. | ||||
| Best quality | 8 | German crowns | per Farsaleh. | |
| 2nd ” | 7½ | ” | ” | |
| 3rd ” | 6 | ” | ” | |
| Meats. | ||||
| Goats’ flesh | 1 | German crown | per 10 lbs. | |
| Mutton | 1 | ” | ” 11 lbs. | |
Beef is sold by the bullock, costing on an average $8.
Fowls—8 large, 12 half-fowls, or 16 chickens, $1.
Ducks—(the pair), $1.
Geese—(each), $1.
Sharks’ meat, salted—one piece about 1 oz. weight per pice.
Eggs—One per pice; when cheap, three.
Milk—From 6 to 8 pice per bottle.
| Sugars. | ||||
| Soft | 3¾ | German crowns | per Farsaleh. | |
| Candy | 6 | ” | ” | |
| Halwa | 1 | ” | per 8 Maunds. | |
Honey is not procurable at this season. Bees-wax varies from 7 to 8 dollars per Farsaleh.
Salt (imported)—1 German crown per 43 Kaylah. During the season 60 Kaylah may be had.
| Coffees. | ||||
| Mocha | 6 | German crowns | per Farsaleh. | |
| Cochin | 5½ | ” | ” | |
Tea—A very inferior kind is sold by Kojahs for 4 Annas, and another but little better for 6 Annas, the pound.
| Oils. | ||||
| Sweet (cocoa) | 2¾ | German crowns | per Farsaleh. | |
| Bitter (sesamum) | 3¾ | ” | ” | |
| Turpentine | 2 | ” | per gallon. | |
| Linseed (bad) | 1¾ | ” | ” | |
| Spices. | ||||
| Black pepper | 3¾ | German crowns | per Farsaleh. | |
| Red ditto | now fetches fancy prices. | |||
| Cloves | 1⅞ | German crowns | per Farsaleh. | |
| Ginger | 1¾ | ” | ” | |
| Nutmegs | 30 | ” | ” | |
| Garm Masallah. | ||||
| Zira (cummin) | 3 | German crowns | per Farsaleh. | |
| Garlic | 4 | ” | ” | |
| Coriander | 1 | ” | per 15 Kaylah. | |
| Cinnamon | 7¼ | ” | per Farsaleh. | |
| Cardamoms | 27 | ” | ” | |
| Turmeric, | ||||
| ” best quality | 2 | ” | ” | |
| ” second | 1¼ | ” | ” | |
| Ginger | 1¾ | ” | ” | |
| Camphor | 6 Annas per pound. | |||
| Metals. | ||||
| Lead | 1 | German crown | per 3 Maunds (9 lbs.). | |
| Tin, best | 10 | ” | per Farsaleh. | |
| ” second quality | 9 | ” | ” | |
| Iron (Swedish) | 2¼ | ” | ” | |
| ” (English) | 1 | and 6 Annas | ” | |
| Brass wire (No. 8) | 1¼ | German crowns | per Maund. | |
| ” (No. 7) | 1 | ” | ” | |
| ” (fine) | ¾ | ” | ” | |
| Iron wire (No. 8) | 5 | ” | ” | |
| ” (No. 7) | 4 | ” | ” | |
| ” (fine) | 3 | ” | ” | |
There is no copper wire, as the Arabs refuse to pay the price; yet some tribes in the interior demand it.
| Various articles. | ||||
| Copal (best) | 9 | German crowns | per Farsaleh. | |
| ” (2nd) | 7 | ” | ” | |
| ” (3rd) | 6½ | ” | ” | |
| ” (inferior) | 4 | ” | ” | |
| Wax Candles | 12 | Annas the dozen. | ||
Formerly the Americans brought excellent candles; the Arabs, however, fancied that they contained pigs’ grease, and now none are procurable.
| French Writing-paper | 4 | German crowns | per ream. | |
| 2nd quality | 2 | ” | ” | |
| 3rd quality | 14 | Annas | ” | |
| Post-paper | 1½ | German crowns | ” | |
| Portuguese | 2½ | ” | ” | |
| Hides. | ||||
| Brava | 23 | German crowns | per Korjah (20). | |
| Pemba | 10 | ” | ” | |
| Common | 9½ | ” | ” | |
| Goat-skins. | ||||
| 1st quality | 2½ | German crowns | ” | |
| 2nd ditto | 1½ | ” | ” | |
| Soap (European). | ||||
| 20 bars, in box | 1¾ | German crown. | ||
| 12 cakes, perfumed | 1 | ” | ||
| ”6 cakes, in box | ¾ | ” | ||
| 12 cakes, inferior | ½ | ” | ||
| Country soap | 1½ | ” | per Farsaleh. | |
| Potash | ¾ | ” | ” | |
A few cigars are sold by the shopkeepers. They are of very inferior quality, and cost about half a dollar for a bundle of 25.
| Paint. | ||||
| Red, per tub | 1¾ | German crowns. | ||
| Black ” | 2 | ” | ||
| White ” | 1¾ | ” | ||
| Blue ” | 2 | ” | ||
| Pitch | 2 | ” | per Farsaleh. | |
| Tar | 1½ | ” | ||
APPENDIX II.
A. B.
THERMOMETRIC OBSERVATIONS IN EAST AFRICA.
Appendix A.
| Register. | March, 1853. | April, 1853. | May, 1853. | June, 1853. |
| Extreme height of barometer during the month | 30.140 | 30.100 | 30.200 | 30.272 |
| Extreme depression ” ” ” | 29.892 | 29.938 | 29.990 | 30.088 |
| Mean of barometer at sunrise | 30.044 | 30.023 | 30.114 | 30.166 |
| ” ” 10 A.M. | 30.061 | 30.029 | 30.116 | 30.189 |
| ” ” 4 P.M. | 29.985 | 29.992 | 30.080 | 30.135 |
| ” ” 10 P.M. | 30.016 | 30.016 | 30.084 | 30.157 |
| Extreme height of dry thermometer during the month | 90° | 87° | 86° | 81° |
| Extreme depression ” ” | 79° | 76° | 72° | 73° |
| Mean of thermometer at sunrise | 83°.290 | 80°.766 | 77°.807 | 75°.300 |
| ” ” 10 A.M. | 84°.096 | 82°.366 | 79°.450 | 77°.600 |
| ” ” 4 P.M. | 85°.193 | 82°.966 | 79°.419 | 78°.800 |
| ” ” 10 P.M. | 83°.806 | 82°.166 | 78°.677 | 77°.866 |
| Greatest difference between | 8° | 8° | 8° | 11° |
| dry and wet bulbs | ||||
| least ” ” ” | 4° | 2° | 2° | 5° |
| Extreme fall of rain, inches | 1.7 | 3.76 | 5.63 | none |
| Total fall of rain, inches | 5.34 | 18.34 | 24.03 | none |
| General direction of wind at sunrise. | N. and E. | S.W. | S.W. | S.W. |
| ” ” 10 A.M. | N. and W. | S.W. | S.W. | S.W. |
| ” ” 4 P.M. | N. and W. | S.W. and S.E. | S.W. | S.W. |
| ” ” 10 P.M. | S.E. and N.E. | S.W. and S.E. | S.W. | S.W. and S.E. |
| Note. The evaporating dish had not reached Zanzibar when these observations were recorded. | ||||
| N.B. Medium temperature generally assumed to be 79° (F.), and the mercury rarely rises above 89° (F.) |
| Register. | July, 1853. | November, 1853. | December, 1853. | January, 1854. | February, 1854. | |
| Extreme height of barometer during the month | 30.362 | 30.184 | 30.132 | 30.142 | 30.104 | |
| Extreme depression ” ” | 30.112 | 29.886 | 29.928 | 29.900 | 29.850 | |
| Mean of barometer at sunrise | 30.227 | 30.120 | 30.050 | 30.035 | 30.023 | |
| ” ” 10 A.M. | 30.237 | 30.132 | 30.068 | 30.049 | 30.051 | |
| ” ” 3 P.M. | 30.190 | 30.050 | 29.993 | 29.986 | 29.961 | |
| ” ” 10 P.M. | 30.181 | 30.088 | 30.014 | 29.977 | 29.986 | |
| Extreme height of dry thermometer during the month | 82° | 88° | 89° | 90° | 90° | |
| Extreme depression ” ” | 70° | 75° | 77° | 82° | 78° | |
| Mean of thermometer at sunrise | 74°.645 | 80°.066 | 82°.030 | 83°.580 | 83°.892 | |
| ” ” 10 A.M. | 77°.741 | 83°.300 | 84°.483 | 85°.870 | 86° | |
| ” ” 4 P.M. | 78°.483 | 84°.666 | 86°.095 | 86°.741 | 87° | |
| ” ” 10 P.M. | 78°.064 | 84°.433 | 85°.129 | 86°.161 | 86°.535 | |
| Greatest difference between | 11° | 11° | 11° | 10° | 11° | |
| dry and wet bulbs | ||||||
| Least ” ” ” | 3° | 3° | 3° | 5° | 5° | |
| Extreme fall of rain, inches | 0.96 | 2.34 | 2.10 | 2.32 | 1.84 | |
| Total fall of rain, inches | 1.38 | 11.80 | 7.90 | 12.14 | 3.44 | |
| General direction of wind | S.W. | S.E. and S.W. | N.E. | N.E. | N.E. | |
| at sunrise | ||||||
| ” ” 10 A.M. | S.W. | S.E. and S.W. | N.E. | N.E. | N.E. | |
| ” ” 4 P.M. | S.W. and S.E. | S.W. | N.E. | N.E. | N.E. | |
| ” ” 10 P.M. | S.W. and S.E. | S.W. | N.E. and S.E. | N.E. | N.E. | |
| Total evaporation | Greatest evaporation | Least evaporation | ||||
| during the month. | in any one day. | in any one day. | ||||
| The evaporating dish showed | ||||||
| In January (1857)inches | 2.36 | .09 | .04 | |||
| February ” ” | 2.19 | .10 | .05 | |||
| March ” ” | 2.49 | .09 | .06 | |||
| April ” ” | 1.76 | .10 | .03 | |||
APPENDIX B.
| Date. | 10 A.M. | 4 P.M. | Remarks. | ||||
| 4 Feb. | 85° | 86° 30′ | In house Panga-ni: long upper room, open to E. and S. Clear day, fine breeze from E. | ||||
| 5 ” | 87° | 86° | |||||
| 6 ” | 87° | 89° in boat | Sky clear. High E. wind. Scud at night. | ||||
| 7 ” | 92° | hut at Chogwe | 91° | hut at Chogwe | Wind N.E. Stars and moon hidden by scud. | ||
| 8 ” | 89° 30′ | 90° 30′ | At midnight 74°. Heavy dew. Scud at night. Rain in mountains. | ||||
| 9 ” | 78° 30′ | 79° | Both obs. made in Tongwe Fort. | ||||
| 10 ” | 85° | Obs. taken in shade of rock. Jungle below Tongwe. Very hot day. | |||||
| Sums | 604° 0′ | 522° 0′ | B. P. Therm, by Newman at Panga-ni, 212.2 Temp. 85° Chogway 212.1 ” 89° Tongwe, 208.8 ” 81° |
||||
| Means | 86° 17′ | 87° 0′ | |||||
| Date. | 10 A.M. | 4 P.M. | Remarks |
| 11 ” | 91° (Nullah) | 99° (Do.) | N. E. wind. Flaming day. Clear evening and night. |
| 12 ” | 86° 30′ (hut at Kohode facing N.) | 96° | Cloudy morn. Hot day. At night sheet-lightning over Usumbara hills. |
| 13 ” | 87° (tree facing N.) | 92° (3 P.M.) | Wind N. E. Lightning at night. Heavy nimbus from Usumbara, rain coming up against wind. |
| 14 ” | 85° (ditto) | 81° Pasunga under shed | S.W. rainy Monsoon begins. S.W. wind. Cloudy day. Storm at 4 P.M. Therm. 76°. |
| 15 ” | 80° (shed) | 75° hill-top | S.W. wind. Rain in morn and at night. Mists over hills. Clouds. |
| 16 ” | 79° (hut Fuga) | 73° (hut) | N.E. wind. No sun or stars for lights. Rain at night. |
| 17 ” | 72° (hut below Fuga in rain) | 90° Pasunga | S.W. wind. Stormy. Heavy rain 9 to 10 A. M. Canopus visible. |
| Sums | 580° 30′ | 606° | B. P. at Kohode, 210.7 Therm 80° Msiki Mguru, 209.8 ” 80° Pasunga, 209.8 ” 85° Fuga, 205.0 ” 79° |
| Means | 82° 51′ | 86° 34′ |
| Date. | 10 A.M. | 4 P.M. | Remarks. | ||||
| 18 Feb. | 79° (open air) | ||||||
| 19 ” | 93° (tree) | 84° | At Kizanga. N.E. wind. Rained half day. At noon in shade 101°. During storm 76°. | ||||
| 20 ” | 89° ditto | 90° | Hut, Chogwe | N.E. wind. Rain ceased. Stinging sun. Cloudy night. | |||
| 21 ” | 87° | N.E. wind. Cloudy. Veiled sky. | |||||
| 22 ” | 84° | Hut, Chogwe | 86° | Nimbus from S.W. against wind. No rain. | |||
| 23 ” | 92° | N.E. wind. Close, cloudy, dusty weather. Hot night. | |||||
| 24 ” | 90° | Hot air. Close and cloudy. Dust like sand. | |||||
| Sums | 527° | 347° | |||||
| Means | 87° 50′ | 86° 45′ | |||||
| Date. | 10 A.M. | 4 P.M. | Remarks. | ||||
| 25 Feb. | 90° | 89° | Both in hut, Chogwe. N.E. wind, fine day., | ||||
| 26 ” | 86° | 82° | Both in boat. N.E. wind. Very hot sun. Clear night. | ||||
| 27 ” | 82° 30′ | Governor’s House Panga-ni | 85° 30′ | Governor’s House | Leakage, 10 A.M. Hot night. Cold dews. | ||
| 28 ” | 85° 30′ | Ditto. Clear hot day. Cloudy night. | |||||
| 1 March | 84° 30′ | 85° 30′ | Ditto. Cloudy morn. Fine clear day. | ||||
| Sums | 343° | 427° 30′ | |||||
| Means | 85° 45′ | 85° 30′ | |||||
APPENDIX II.
C.
METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS
MADE IN 1857, 1858, 1859.
Appendix C.
DAY
June 28 Barometer at 10 a.m., 30.336; at 4 p.m., 30.646. Therm. at 10 a.m., 83°/(81°); at 4 p.m., 97°/(85°). Zungomero. Cold in morning, 68°. Clear. Cumulus and high wind at 10 a.m. Hot midday. Cumulus (5). Wind fell; rose again about 4 p.m.
29 A march. Cold. Pleasant hot clear sun. Clouds, 4 from S.W. At 4 a.m. cool S.W. wind, therm. 84°.
30 Kaole, Kinga-ni, Boma-ni. Barometer at 10 a.m., 30.438; at 4 p.m., 30.232. Therm. at 10 a.m., 83°/81°; at 4 p.m., 80°/78°. Morning hot. At 9 a.m. clouds, cumulus, and nimbus. At 11 a.m. rain. Clouds and heat-showers all day.
July 1 March. Mkwaju la Mvua-ni. Normal weather. Clouds fleecy, misty, came up with sun. Heavy rain, huge drops about 1 p.m. Cloudy during day. Fine night. Wind S.W.
2 March. Morning fine. Nimbus about noon. No rain. Wind S.W.
3 March. Same as yesterday. Wind S.W.
4 Halt. Sick, uncertain. Day as usual. At night, moon, rainbow, thick clouds. Violent rain. Mcho’o, between 2 Masikas, lasts one day, and then goes off for a time.
5 March. Clear morning. Hot sun. Mist clouds and nimbus. Few drops of rain. Splendid night.
6 March. Clear morning. Hot sun. Mist clouds and nimbus. Few drops of rain. Splendid night.
7 Barometer at 10 a.m., 30.078; at 4 p.m., 30.086. Therm. at 10 a.m., 83°/81°; at 4 p.m., 85°/83°. Clear morning. Hot sun. Mist clouds and nimbus. Few drops of rain. High wind.
8 March. Wild day. Rain frequent, and in huge drops. Furious winds. At night cloudy, wind S.W., as usual.
9 March. Alternately hot, cold, and rainy. Violent gusts. Rain heavy before moon rose. Heavy dew. Wind S.W.
10 March. Morning cloudy. Clear and hot about noon. Fleecy clouds. No rain. Wind light and S.W.
11 Barometer at 10 a.m., 29.325; at 4 p.m., 29.320. Therm. at 10 a.m., 76°/76°; at 4 p.m., 78°/76°. Cloudy morning.
12 March. Madege Madogo. Day fine. Wind and clouds from S.W. Clouds, cumulus after 7 and 8. Wind high.
13 March. Kidunda. Day exactly like yesterday.
14 March. Mgeta. Day normal. Cool in morning (70° or 71°), hot in midday, clouds and cumulus from S.W., and cold at night (68°).
15 March. Kiruru. Day at first misty. Hot sun at noon. Heavy nimbi from S.W. Torrents of rain at night.
16 Halt. Kiruru. Too sick to observe. Steamy hot day. Damp and disagreeable. Nimbi from S.W. at night. About 8 p.m. torrents of rain.
17 Halt. Kiruru. Too sick to observe. Dull day, no sun, wind, or rain. Sky all clouded over from S.W.
18 March. To Duthumî. Day close. Few clouds from S.W. Morning clear. Hot sun. Cloudy afternoon. Cold gusty night.
19 to 23 Halt. Too sick to observe. At Duthumî, perfectly uniform weather. Wind, probably from proximity of hills, from N. and N.E., cold and high. Hot sun. Cloudy morn and afternoon. Cold night, 66°. No rain whatever.
24 March. To Bakera. Red hot day with cold wind. Few cirri from S.W. Cold night.
25 March. To Zungomero. Bright morning. At noon heavy nimbi from S. and S.W. No rain.
26 Halt. Too sick to observe. Little wind. Hot occasional sun. Cloudy from S.W. In hut therm. never varied from between 70° and 80°.
27 Halt. Too sick to observe. Cool cloudy day from the S.W. Impossible to make observations. Very damp country, and mists easily rise.
Remarks.—Air, as Baloch say, lighter and more healthy than Zanzibar.
Showers, accompanied and followed by raffales of cold wind.