Persons who wish to become well acquainted with the
principles of
English Grammar
by an easy process, are recommended
to procure "The Useful Grammar," price 3d., published by Houlston and
Sons.
Some Female Spiders Produce 2,000 Eggs.
182. Pronunciation
Accent is a particular stress or force of the voice upon certain
syllables or words. This mark ' in printing denotes the syllable upon
which the stress or force of the voice should he placed.
There are 9,000 Cells in a Square Foot of Honeycomb.
183. A Word may have more than One Accent.
Take as an instance aspiration. In uttering this word we give a marked
emphasis of the voice upon the first and third syllables, and
therefore those syllables are said to be accented. The first of these
accents is less distinguishable than the second, upon which we dwell
longer, therefore the second accent in point of order is called the
primary, or chief accent of the word.
A Cow Consumes 100 lbs. of Green Food Daily.
184. When the full Accent falls on a Vowel
that vowel should have a long sound, as in
vo'cal;
but when
it, falls on or after a consonant, the preceding vowel has a short
sound, as in
hab'it
.
2,300 Silkworms Produce 1lb of Silk.
185. To obtain a Good Knowledge of Pronunciation
it is advisable for the reader to listen to the examples given by good
speakers, and by educated persons. We learn the pronunciation of
words, to a great extent, by
imitation
, just as birds acquire
the notes of other birds which may be near them.
A Queen Bee Produces 100,000 Eggs in a Season.
186. Double Meaning
But it will be very important to bear in mind that there are many
words having a double meaning or application, and that the difference
of meaning is indicated by the difference of the accent. Among these
words,
nouns
are distinguished from
verbs
by this means:
nouns
are mostly accented on the first syllable, and
verbs
on the last.
A Cow Yields 168 lbs. of Butter per Annum.
187. Noun signifies Name
Nouns
are the names of persons and things, as well as of things
not material and palpable, but of which we have a conception and
knowledge, such as
courage
,
firmness
,
goodness
,
strength
; and
verbs
express
actions, movements,
&c If the word used signifies that anything has been done, or is
being done, or is, or is to be done, then that word is a
verb
.
It would Take 27,600 Spiders to Produce 1 lb. of Web
188. Examples of the above.
Thus when we say that anything is "an
in
'sult," that word is a
noun
, and is accented on the first syllable; but when we say he
did it "to in
sult
sult' another person," the word in
sult
' implies
acting
, and becomes a verb, and should be accented on the last
syllable. The effect is, that, in speaking, you should employ a
different pronunciation in the use of the same word, when uttering
such sentences as these:—"What an
in
'sult!" "Do you mean to in
sult
'
me?" In the first sentence the stress of voice must be laid upon the
first syllable,
in'
, and in the latter case upon the second
syllable,
sult'
.
189. Meaning varied by Accentuation.
A list of nearly all the words that are liable to this variation is
given in the following page. It will be noticed that those in the
first column, having the accent on the first syllable, are mostly
nouns; and that those in the second column, which have the accent on
the second and final syllable, are mostly verbs:
| noun |
verb |
noun |
verb |
noun |
verb |
| abject |
abject |
contrast |
contrast |
inlay |
inlay |
| absent |
absent |
converse |
converse |
inlay |
inlay |
| abstract |
abstract |
convert |
convert |
object |
object |
| accent |
accent |
convict |
convict |
outleap |
outleap |
| afsix |
affix |
convoy |
convoy |
perfect |
perfect |
| aspect |
aspect |
decrease |
decrease |
perfume |
perfume |
| attribute |
attribute |
descant |
descant |
permit |
permit |
| augment |
augment |
desert |
desert |
prefix |
prefix |
| august |
august |
detail |
detail |
premise |
premise |
| bombard |
bombard |
digest |
digest |
presage |
presage |
| colleague |
colleague |
discord |
discord |
present |
present |
| collect |
collect |
discount |
discount |
produce |
produce |
| comment |
comment |
efflux |
efflux |
project |
project |
| compact |
compact |
escort |
escort |
protest |
protest |
| complot |
complot |
essay |
essay |
rebel |
rebel |
| comport |
comport |
exile |
exile |
record |
record |
| compound |
compound |
export |
export |
refuse |
refuse |
| compresss |
compress |
extract |
extract |
retail |
retail |
| concert |
concert |
ferment |
ferment |
subject |
subject |
| concrete |
concrete |
forecast |
forecast |
supine |
supine |
| conduct |
conduct |
foretaste |
foretaste |
survey |
survey |
| confine |
confine |
frequent |
frequent |
torment |
torment |
| conflict |
conflict |
impart |
impart |
traject |
traject |
| conserve |
conserve |
import |
import |
transfer |
transfer |
| consort |
consort |
impress |
impress |
transport |
transport |
| contest |
contest |
imprint |
imprint |
undress |
undress |
| context |
context |
incense |
incense |
upcast |
upcast |
| contract |
contract |
increase |
increase |
upstart |
upstart |
190. Exceptions
Ce
ment
is an Exception to the above rule, and should always be
accented on the last syllable. So also the word Con
sols
.
191. Hints to "Cockney Speakers."
The most objectionable error of the Cockney, that of substituting the
v
for the
w
, and
vice versâ
, is, we believe,
pretty generally abandoned. Such sentences as "Are you going to Vest
Vickkam?" "This is wery good weal," &c, were too intolerable to be
retained. Moreover, there has been a very able schoolmaster at work
during the past forty years. This schoolmaster is no other than the
loquacious Mr.
Punch
, from whose works we quote a few admirable
exercises:
-
Low Cockney.—"Seen that party lately?" "What! the party with the
wooden leg, as come with—" "No, no—not that party. The party, you
know, as—" "Oh! ah! I know the party you mean, now." "Well, a party
told me as he can't agree with that other party, and he says that if
another party can't be found to make it all square, he shall look
out for a party as will."—(And so on for half an hour.)
-
Police.—"Lor, Soosan, how's a feller to eat meat such weather
as this! Now, a bit o' pickled salmon and cowcumber, or a lobster
salid, might do."
-
Cockney Yachtsman.—(Example of affectation.) Scene: the
Regatta Ball.—"I say, Tom, what's that little craft with the black
velvet flying at the fore, close under the lee scuppers of the
man-of-war?" "Why, from her fore-and-aft rig, and the cut of her
mainsail, I should say she's down from the port of London; but I'll
signal the commodore to come and introduce us!"
-
Omnibus Driver.—Old acquaintance. "'Ave a drop, Bill?"
Driver. "Why, yer see, Jim, this 'ere young hoss has only
been in 'arness once afore, and he's such a beggar to bolt, ten to
one if I leave 'im he'll be a-runnin' hoff, and a smashin' into
suthun. Howsoever—here—(handing reins to a timid
passenger)—lay hold, sir, I'll Chance It!"
-
Costermonger (to extremely genteel person).—"I say,
guv'ner, give us a hist with this 'ere bilin' o' greens!' (A large
hamper of market stuff.)
-
Genteel Cockney (by the seaside).—Blanche. "How
grand, how solemn, dear Frederick, this is! I really think the ocean
is more beautiful under this aspect than under any other!"
Frederick.—"H'm—ah! Per-waps. By the way, Blanche, there's
a fella shwimping. S'pose we ask him if he can get us some pwawns
for breakfast to-mowaw mawning?"
-
Stuck-up Cockney.—(Small Swell enters a tailor's shop.)
"A—Brown, A—want some more coats!" Snip. "Yes, sir. Thank
you, sir. How many would you please to want?" Small Swell.
"A—let me see; A—ll have eight. A—no, I'll have nine; and look
here! A—shall want some trousers." Snip. "Yes, sir, thank
you, sir. How many would you like?" Small Swell.—"A— don't
know exactly. S'pose we say twenty-four pairs; and look here! Show
me some patterns that won't be worn by any snobs!"
-
Cockney Flunkey,—(Country Footman meekly inquires of
London Footman)—"Pray, sir, what do you think of our town? A
nice place, ain't it" London Footman (condescendingly).
"Vell, Joseph, I likes your town well enough. It's clean: your
streets are hairy; and you have lots of rewins.
But I don't like your champagne, it's all gewsberry!"
-
Cockney Cabby (with politeness). — "Beg pardon, sir;
please don't smoke in the keb. sir; ladies do complain o' the 'bacca
uncommon. Better let me smoke it for yer outside, sir!"
-
Military Cockney.—Lieutenant Blazer (of the
Plungers).—"Gwood wacious! Here's a howible go! The ifan [?word illegible] v's
going to gwow a moustache! Cornet Huffey
(whose face is whiskerless). "Yaw don't mean that! Wall! there's
only one alternative for us. We must shave!"
-
Juvenile Low Cockney.—"Jack; Whereabouts is Amstid-am?"
Jack. "Well, I can't say exackerley, but I know it's
somewhere near "Ampstid-'eath!"
-
Cockney Domestic.—Servant girl—" Well,
mam—Heverythink considered, I'm afraid you won't suit me. I've
always bin brought up genteel: and I couldn't go nowheres where
there ain't no footman kep'."
-
Another.—Lady. "Wish to leave! why, I thought,
Thompson, you were very comfortable with me!" Thompson (who is
extremely refined). "Ho yes, mum! I don't find no fault with
you, mum—nor yet with master—but the truth his, mum—the
hother servants is so orrid vulgar and hignorant, and speaks
so hungrammaticai, that I reely cannot live in the same 'ouse with
'em—and I should like to go this day month, if so be has it won't
illconvenience you!"
-
Cockney Waiter.—"'Am, sir? Yessir? Don't take anything with
your 'am, do you, sir?" Gentleman. "Yes, I do; I take the
letter H!"
-
Cockney Hairdresser.—"They say, sir, the cholera is in the
Hair, sir!" Gent (very uneasy). "Indeed! Ahem! Then I hope
you're very particular about the brushes you use."
Hairdresser. "Oh, I see you don't nunderstand me, sir; I
don't mean the 'air of the 'ed, but the hair hof the
hatmosphere?"
-
Cockney Sweep (seated upon a donkey).—"Fitch us out
another penn'orth o' strawberry hice, with a dollop o' lemon water
in it."
-
Feminine Cookney (by the sea-side.)—"Oh, Harriet,
dear, put on your hat and let us thee the stheamboat come in. The
thea is tho rough!—and the people will be tho abthurdly thick!"
Alum First Discovered A.D. 1300.
192. Correction
Londoners who desire to correct the defects of their utterance
cannot do better than to exercise themselves frequently upon those
words respecting which they have been in error.
193. Hints for the Correction of the Irish Brogue
According to the directions given by Mr. B. H. Smart, an Irishman
wishing to throw off the brogue of his mother country should avoid
hurling out his words with a superfluous quantity of breath. It is not
broadher
and
widher
that he should say, but the
d
, and every other consonant, should be neatly delivered by the
tongue, with as little riot, clattering, or breathing as possible.
Next let him drop the roughness or rolling of the
r
in all
places but the beginning of syllables; he must not say
stor-rum
and
far-rum
, but let the word be heard in one smooth syllable.
He should exercise himself until he can convert
plaze
into
please
,
planty
into
plenty
,
Jasus
into
Jesus
, and so on. He should modulate his sentences, so as to
avoid directing his accent all in one manner—from the acute to the
grave. Keeping his ear on the watch for good examples, and exercising
himself frequently upon them, he may become master of a greatly
improved utterance.
Tea First Used In England A. D. 1698.
194. Hints for Correcting the Scotch Brogue.
The same authority remarks that as an Irishman uses the closing accent
of the voice too much, so a Scotchman has the contrary habit, and is
continually drawling his tones from the grave to the acute, with an
effect which, to southern ears, is suspensive in character. The smooth
guttural
r
is as little heard in Scotland as in Ireland, the
trilled
r
taking its place. The substitution of the former
instead of the latter must be a matter of practice. The peculiar sound
of the
u
, which in the north so of ten borders on the French
u
, must be compared with the several sounds of the letter as
they are heard in the south; and the long quality which a Scotchman is
apt to give to the vowels that ought to be essentially short, must he
clipped. In fact, aural observation and lingual exercise are the only
sure means to the end; so that a Scotchman going to a well for a
bucket of water, and finding a countryman bathing therein, would not
exclaim, "Hey, Colin, dinna ye ken the water's for drink, and nae for
bathin'?"
195. Of Provincial Brogues
it is scarcely necessary to say much, as the foregoing advice applies
to them. One militiaman exclaimed to another, "Jim, you hain't in
step" "Bain't I?" exclaimed the other; "well, change yourn!" Whoever
desires knowledge must strive for it. It must not be dispensed with
after the fashion of Tummus and Jim, who held the following dialogue
upon a vital question:—
Tummus
. "I zay, Jim, be you a
purtectionist?"
Jim
. "E'as I be."
Tummus
. "Wall, I zay,
Jim, what
be
purtection?"
Jim
. " Loa'r, Tummus, doan't
'ee knaw? "
Tummus
. "Naw, I doan't."
Jim
. "Wall, I
doan't knaw as can tell 'ee, Tummus,
vur I doan't exakerly knaw
mysel'!
"
196. Rules of Pronunciation.
-
C before a, o, and u, and in some other situations,
is a close articulation, like k. Before e, i, and
y, c is precisely equivalent to s in same,
this; as in cedar, civil, cypress, capacity.
-
E final indicates that the preceding vowel is long; as in hate,
mete, sire, robe, lyre, abate, recede, invite, remote, intrude.
-
E final indicates that c preceding has the sound of
s; as in lace, lance; and that g preceding has
the sound of j, as in charge, page, challenge.
-
E final, in proper English words, never forms a syllable, and in
the most-used words, in the terminating unaccented syllable it is
silent. Thus, motive, genuine, examine, granite, are
pronounced motiv, genuin, examin, granit.
-
E final, in a few words of foreign origin, forms a syllable; as
syncope, simile.
-
E final is silent after l in the following
terminations,—ble, cle, dle, fle, gle, kle, ple, tle, zle;
as in able, manacle, cradle, ruffle, mangle, wrinkle, supple,
rattle, puzzle, which are pronounced a'bl, mana'cl, cra'dl,
ruf'fl man'gl, wrin'kl, sup'pl, puz'zl.
-
E is usually silent in the termination en; as in
token, broken; pronounced tokn, brokn.
-
ous, in the termination of adjectives and their derivatives,
is pronounced us; as in gracious, pious, pompously.
-
ce, ci, ti before a vowel, have the sound of sh; as in
cetaceous, gracious, motion, partial, ingratiate; pronounced
cetashus, grashus, moshun, parshal, ingrashiate.
-
si, after an accented vowel, is pronounced like zh; as in
Ephesian, confusion; pronounced Ephezhan, confuzhon
-
When ci or ti precede similar combinations, as in
pronunciation, negotiation, they
should be pronounced ze instead of she, to prevent a
repetition of the latter syllable; as pronunceashon instead of
pronunsheashon.
-
gh, both in the middle and at the end of words ia silent; as in
caught, bought, fright, nigh, sigh; pronounced caut, baut,
frite, ni, si. In the following exceptions, however, gh
are pronounced as f:—cough, chough, clough, enough, laugh,
rough, slough, tough, trough.
-
When wh begins a word, the aspirate h precedes w
in pronunciation; as in what, whiff, whale; pronounced
hwat, hwiff, hwale, w having precisely the sound of
oo, French ou. In the following words w is
silent:—who, whom, whose, whoop, whole.
-
h after r has no sound or use; as in rheum,
rhyme; pronounced reum, ryme.
-
h should be sounded in the middle of words; as in
forehead, abhor, behold, exhaust,
inhabit, unhorse.
-
H should always be sounded except in the following
words:—heir, herb, honest, honour, hospital, hostler, hour, humour,
and humble, and all their derivatives,—such as humorously, derived
from humour.
-
k and g are silent before n; as know, gnaw;
pronounced no, naw.
-
w before r is silent; as in wring, wreath;
pronounced ring, reath.
-
b after m is silent; as in dumb, numb; pronounced
dum, num.
-
L before k is silent; as in balk, walk, talk;
pronounced bauk, wauk, tauk.
-
ph has the sound of f; as in philosophy;
pronounced filosofy.
-
ng has two sounds, one as in anger, the other as in
fin-ger.
-
nafter m, and closing a syllable, is silent; as in
hymn, condemn.
-
pbefore s and t is mute; as in psalm,
pseudo, ptarmigan; pronounced sarm, sudo, tarmigan.
-
r has two sounds, one strong and vibrating, as at the
beginning of words and syllables, such as robber, reckon,
error; the other as at the terminations of words, or when
succeeded by a consonant, as farmer, morn.
-
Before the letter r, there is a slight sound of e
between the vowel and the consonant. Thus, bare, parent,
apparent, mere, mire, more, pure, pyre, are pronounced nearly
baer, paerent, appaerent, me-er,mier, moer,puer, pyer. This
pronunciation proceeds from the peculiar articulation of r,
and it occasions a slight change of the sound of a, which can
only be learned by the ear.
-
There are other rules of pronunciation affecting the
combinations of vowels, &c; but as they are more difficult to
describe, and as they do not relate to errors which are commonly
prevalent, we shall content ourselves with giving examples of them
in the following list of words. When, a syllable in any word in this
list is printed in bold, the accent or stress of voice should be
laid on that syllable.
Auctions Commenced in Britain in A.D. 1779.
197. Proper Pronunciations of Words often Wrongly Pronounced.
| Again |
usually pronounced a-gen, not as spelled. |
| Alien |
á-li-en not ale-yen. |
| Antipodes |
an-tip-o-dees. |
| Apostle |
as a-pos'l, without the t. |
| Arch- |
artch in compounds of our own language,
as in archbishop, archduke; but
ark in words derived from the Greek, as
archaic, ar-ka-ik; archaeology, ar-ke-ol-o-gy;
archangel, ark-ain-gel; archetype,
ar-ke-type; archiepiscopal, ar-ke-e-pis-co-pal;
archipelago, ar-ke-pel-a-go; ar-chives,
ar-kivz, &c |
| Asia |
a-sha. |
| Asparagus |
as spelled, not asparagrass. |
| Aunt |
ant, not aunt. |
| Awkward |
awk-wurd, not awk-urd. |
| Bade |
bad |
| Because |
be-cawz, not ba-cos |
| Been |
bin |
| Beloved |
as a verb, be-luvd; as an adjective,
be-luv-ed. Blessed, cursed, &c, are subject
to the same rule. |
| Beneath |
with the th in breath, not with
the th in breathe. |
| Bio'graphy |
as spelled, not beography. |
| Buoy |
boy, not bwoy. |
| Canal' |
as spelled, not ca-nel. |
| Caprice |
capreece |
| Catch |
as spelled, not ketch. |
| Chaos |
ka-oss. |
| Charlatan |
shar-latan. |
| Chasm |
kazm |
| Chasten |
chasn |
| Chivalry |
shiv-alry. |
| Chemistry |
kem'-is-tre, not kim-is-tre. |
| Choir |
kwire |
| Clerk |
klark |
| Combat |
kum-bat. |
| Conduit |
kun-dit. |
| Corps |
kor: the plural corps is pronounced korz. |
| Covetous |
cuv-e-tus, not cov-e-tus. |
| Courteous |
curt-yus. |
| Courtesy |
1. (politeness), cur-te-sey.
2. (a lowering of the body), curt-sey. |
| Cresses |
as spelled, not cree-ses. |
| Cu'riosity |
cu-re-os-e-ty, not curosity. |
| Cushion |
coosh-un, not coosh-in. |
| Daunt |
dawnt, not dant or darnt, as some
erroneously pronounce it. |
| Design and Desist |
have the sound of s, not of z. |
| Desire |
should have the sound of z. |
| Despatch |
de-spatch, not dis-patch. |
| Dew |
due, not doo. |
| Diamond |
as spelled, not dimond. |
| Diploma |
de-plo-ma, not dip-lo-ma. |
| Diplomacy |
de-plo-ma-cy, not dip-lo-ma-cy. |
| Direct |
de-reckt, not di-rect. |
| Divers |
(several), di-verz; but diverse (different),
di-verse. |
| Dome |
as spelled, not doom. |
| Drought |
drowt, not drawt. |
| Duke |
as spelled, not dook. |
| Dynasty |
dyn-as-te, not dy-nas-ty. |
| Edict |
e-dickt, not ed-ickt. |
| E'en and e'er |
een and air. |
| Egotism |
eg-o-tizm, not e-go-tism. |
| Either |
e-ther or i-ther. |
| Engine |
en-jin, not in-jin. |
| Ensign |
en-sign; ensigncy, en-sin-se. |
| Epistle |
without the t. |
| Epitome |
e-pit-o-me |
| Epoch |
e-pock, not ep-ock. |
| Equinox |
e-qui-nox, not eck-wi-nox. |
| Europe |
U-rope, not U-rup. Euro-pean
not Eu-ro-pean. |
| Every |
ev-er-y, not ev-ry. |
| Executor |
egz-ec-utor, not with the sound of x. |
| Extraordinary |
as spelled, not ex-tror—di-ner-i, or ex-traordinary, nor extrornarey |
| February |
as spelled, not Febuary. |
| Finance |
fe-nance, not finance. |
| Foundling |
as spelled, not fond-ling. |
| Garden |
gar-dn, not gar-den, nor gard-ing. |
| Gauntlet |
gawnt-let, not gant-let. |
| Geography |
as spelled, not jography, or gehography. |
| Geometry |
as spelled, not jom-etry. |
| Haunt |
hawnt, not hant. |
| Height |
hite, not highth. |
| Heinous |
hay-nuss, not hee-nus. |
| Highland |
hi-land, not hee-land. |
| Horizon |
ho-ri-zn, not hor-i-zon. |
| Housewife |
pronounced in the ordinary
way when it means the mistress of a
house who is a good manager, but huz-wif,
when it means a small case for needles. |
| Hymeneal |
hy-men-e-al, not hy-menal. |
| Instead |
in-sted, not instid. |
| Isolate |
i-so-late; not iz-o-late, nor is-olate. |
| Jalap |
jal-ap, not jolup. |
| January |
as spelled, not Jenuary nor Janewary. |
| Leave |
as spelled, not leaf. |
| Legend |
lej-end, not le-gend. |
| Lieutenant |
lef-ten-ant, not leu-ten-ant. |
| Many |
men-ney, not man-ny. |
| Marchioness |
mar-shun-ess, not as spelled. |
| Massacre |
mas-sa-ker, not mas-sa-cre. |
| Mattress |
as spelled, not mat-trass. |
| Matron |
ma-trun, not mat-ron. |
| Medicine |
med-e-cin, not med-cin. |
| Minute |
1. (sixty seconds), min-it.
2. (small), mi-nute. |
| Miscellany |
mis-cel-lany, not mis-cellany. |
| Mischievous |
mis-chiv-us, not mis-cheev-us. |
| Ne'er |
for never, nare. |
| Neighbourhood |
nay-bur-hood, not nay-burwood. |
| Nephew |
nev-u, not nefu. |
| New |
nu, not noo. |
| Notable |
(worthy of notice), no-tu-bl. |
| Obilge |
as spelled, not obleege. |
| Oblique |
ob-leek, not o-blike. |
| Odorous |
o-der-us, not od-ur-us. |
| Of |
ov, except when compounded with the
here, and where, which should be pronounced
here-of, there-of, and where-of. |
| Off |
as spelt, not awf. |
| Organization |
or-gan-i-za-shun, not or-ga-ne-za-shun. |
| Ostrich |
os-tr'ch, not os-tridge. |
| Pageant |
paj-ent, not pa-jant. |
| Parent |
pare-ent, not par-ent. |
| Partisan |
par-te-zan, not par-te-zan, nor
par—ti-zan. |
| Patent |
pa-tent, not pat-ent. |
| Physiognomy |
as fiz-i-ognomy, not phy-sionnomy. |
| Pincers |
pin-cerz, not pinch-erz. |
| Plaintiff |
as spelled, not plan-tiff. |
| Pour |
pore, not so as to rhyme with our. |
| Precedent |
(an example), pres-e-dent; pre-ce-dent
(going before in point of time,
previous, former), is the pronunciation
of the adjective. |
| Prologue |
pro-log, not prol-og. |
| Quadrille |
ka-dril, not quod-ril. |
| Quay |
key, not as spelled. |
| Radish |
as spelled, not red-ish. |
| Raillery |
rail'-er-y, or ral-er y, not as spelled. |
| Rather |
rar-ther, not ray-ther. |
| Resort |
re-sort. |
| Resound |
re-zound. |
| Respite |
res-pit, not as spelled. |
| Rout |
(a party; and to rout), should be pronounced
rowt.
Route (a road), root. |
| Saunter |
saun-ter, not sarn-ter or san-ter. |
| Sausage |
saw-sage not sos-sidge, nor sassage. |
| Schedule |
shed-ule, not shed-dle. |
| Seamstress |
is pronounced seem-stress, but
semp-stress, as the word is now commonly
spelt, is pronounced sem-stress. |
| Sewer |
soo-er or su-er, not shore, nor shure. |
| Shire |
as spelled, when uttered as a single word, but shortened into shir in composition. |
| Shone |
shon, not shun, nor as spelled. |
| Soldier |
sole-jer. |
| Solecism |
sol-e-cizm, not sole-cizm. |
| Soot |
as spelled, not sut. |
| Sovereign |
sov-er-in, not suv-er-in. |
| Specious |
spe-shus, not spesh-us. |
| Stomacher |
stum-a-cher. |
| Stone |
(weight), as spelled, not stun. |
| Synod |
sin-od, not sy-nod. |
| Tenure |
ten-ure, not te-nure. |
| Tenet |
ten-et, not te-net. |
| Than |
as spelled, not thun. |
| Tremor |
trem-ur, not tre-mor. |
| Twelfth |
should have the th sounded. |
| Umbrella |
as spelled, not um-ber-el-la. |
| Vase |
vaiz or varz, not vawze. |
| Was |
woz, not wuz. |
| Weary |
weer-i, not wary. |
| Were |
wer, not ware. |
| Wont |
wunt, not as spelled. |
| Wrath |
rawth, not rath: as an adjective it
is spelled wroth, and pronounced with
the vowel sound shorter, as wrath-ful,
&c |
| Yacht |
yot, not yat. |
| Yeast |
as spelled, not yest. |
| Zenith |
zen-ith, not ze-nith. |
| Zodiac |
zo-de-ak. |
| Zoology |
should have both o's sounded,as
zo-ol-o-gy, not zoo-lo-gy. |