1. Hist. Ind. Tribes of U.S., 1853, pt. 3, p. 193.
2. Antiq. of Southern Indians, 1873, pp. 108-110.
3. Hist. of Carolina, 1714, p. 181.
4. Hist. Ind. Tribes of U.S., 1855, pt. 5, p. 270.
5. Rep. Smithsonian Institution, 1871, p. 407.
6. Voy. dans l’Arizona, in Bull. Soc. de Géographie, 1877.
7. Nat. Races Pacif. States 1874, vol. 1, p. 555.
8. Cont. to N. A. Ethnol., 1877, vol. iii, p. 133.
9. L’incertitude des Signes de la Mort, 1749, t. 1, p. 439.
10. Rites of Funeral, Ancient and Modern, 1683, p. 45.
11. Schoolcraft Hist. Ind. Tribes of the United States, 1853, Pt. 3, p. 140.
12. U.S. Geol. Surv. of Terr. 1876, p. 473.
13. Life and adventures of Moses Van Campen, 1841, p. 252.
14. Trans. Amer. Antiq. Soc., 1830, vol i, p. 302.
15. Antiquities of Tennessee. Smith. Inst. Cont. to Knowledge. No. 259, 1876. Pp. 1, 8, 37, 52, 55, 82.
16. Pop. Sc. Month., Sept., 1877, p. 577.
17. Nat. Races of the Pacific States, 1874, vol. i, p. 780.
18. A detailed account of this exploration, with many illustrations, will be found in the Eleventh Annual Report of the Peabody Museum, Cambridge, 1878.
19. Trans. Amer. Antiq. Soc., 1820, vol. i, p. 174 et seq.
20. American Naturalist, 1877, xi, No. 11, p. 688.
21. Proc. Am. Ass. Adv. of Science, 1875, p. 288.
22. Bartram’s Travels, 1791, p. 513.
23. Bartram’s Travels, 1791, p. 515.
24. A Concise Nat. Hist. of East and West Florida, 1775.
25. Mem. Hist. sur la Louisiane, 1753, vol. i, pp. 241-243.
26. Uncivilized Races of the World, 1870, vol i, p. 464.
27. Rep. Smithsonian Inst., 1867, p. 406.
28. Contrib. to N. A. Ethnol., 1877, vol. 1, p. 62.
29. Hist. of Virginia, 1722, p. 185.
30. Collection of Voyages, 1812, vol. xiii, p. 39.
31. Hist. Ind. Tribes United States, 1854, Part IV, pp. 155 et seq.
32. Trans. Amer. Antiq. Soc., 1820, vol. 1, p. 360.
33. Letter to Samuel M. Burnside, in Trans. and Coll. Amer. Antiq. Soc., 1820, vol. 1, p. 318.
34. A mummy of this kind, of a person of mature age, discovered in Kentucky, is now in the cabinet of the American Antiquarian Society. It is a female. Several human bodies were found enwrapped carefully in skins and cloths. They were inhumed below the floor of the cave; inhumed, and not lodged in catacombs.
35. Cont. to N. A. Ethnol., 1877, vol. i, p. 89.
36. Billings’ Exped., 1802, p. 161.
37. Pre-historic Races, 1873, p. 199.
38. Rawlinson’s Herodotus, Book i, chap. 198, note.
39. Amer. Naturalist, 1876, vol. x, p. 455 et seq.
40. Manners, Customs, &c., of North American Indians, 1844, vol. ii, p. 5.
41. Uncivilized Races of the World, 1870, vol. i, p. 483.
42. Hist. de l’Amérique Septentrionale, 1753, tome ii, p. 43.
43. Pioneer Life, 1872.
44. I saw the body of this woman in the tree. It was undoubtedly an exceptional case. When I came here (Rock Island) the bluffs on the peninsula between Mississippi and Rock River (three miles distant) were thickly studded with Indian grave mounds, showing conclusively that subterranean was the usual mode of burial. In making roads, streets, and digging foundations, skulls, bones, trinkets, beads, etc., in great numbers, were exhumed, proving that many things (according to the wealth or station of survivors) were deposited in the graves. In 1836 I witnessed the burial of two chiefs in the manner stated.—P. Gregg.
45. Tract No. 50, West. Reserve and North. Ohio Hist. Soc. (1879?), p. 107.
46. Hist. of Ft. Wayne, 1868, p. 284.
47. The Last Act, 1876.
48. Cont. to N. A. Ethnol., 1877, vol. iii, p. 341.
49. Hist. Indian Tribes of the United States, 1854, part IV, p. 224.
50. Adventures on the Columbia River, 1831, vol. ii, p. 387.
51. Trans. Am. Antiq. Soc., 1820, vol. i, p. 377.
52. Hist. Indian Tribes of the United States, 1853, part iii, p. 112.
53. Contrib. to N. A. Ethnol., 1877, vol iii, p. 169.
54. Amer. Naturalist, November, 1878, p. 753.
55. Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1867-’76, p. 64.
56. Pre-historic Races, 1873, p. 149.
57. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Nov. 1874, p. 168.
58. Amer. Naturalist, Sept., 1878, p. 629.
59. Explorations of the Valley of the Great Salt Lake of Utah, 1852, p. 43.
60. Narrative of a Voyage to the Pacific, 1831, vol. i, p. 332.
61. Nat. Races of Pac. States, 1871, vol. i, p. 780.
62. Am. Antiq. and Discov., 1838, p. 286.
63. Nat. Races of Pac. States, 1874 vol. i, p. 69.
64. Travels in Alaska, 1869, p. 100.
65. Alaska and its Resources, 1870, pp. 19, 132, 145.
66. Life on the Plains, 1854, p. 68.
67. Tour to the Lakes, 1827, p. 305.
68. Long’s Exped. to the St. Peter’s River, 1824, p. 332.
69. L’incertitude des signes de la Mort, 1742, tome i, p. 475, et seq.
70. The writer is informed by Mr. John Henry Boner that the custom still prevails not only in Pennsylvania, but at the Moravian settlement of Salem, N.C.
71. Rep. Smithsonian Inst., 1866, p. 319.
72. Uncivilized Races of the World, 1874, v. ii, p. 774, et seq.
73. Hist. of Florida, 1775, p. 88.
74. Antiquities of the Southern Indians, 1873, p. 105.
75. Bartram’s Travels, 1791, p. 516.
76. “Some ingenious men whom I have conversed with have given it as their opinion that all those pyramidal artificial hills, usually called Indian mounds, were raised on this occasion, and are generally sepulchers. However, I am of different opinion.”
77. League of the Iroquois, 1851, p. 173.
78. Myths of the New World, 1868, p. 255.
79. Hist. N. A. Indians, 1844, i, p. 90.
80. Northwest Coast, 1857, p. 185.
81. Cont. N. A. Ethnol., 1877, i., p. 200.
82. Uncivilized Races of the World, 1870, vol. i, p. 483.
83. Exploration Great Salt Lake Valley, Utah, 1859, p. 48.
84. Hist. North American Indians, 1844, vol. ii, p. 141.
85. Mœurs des Sauvages, 1724, tome ii, p. 406.
86. Autobiography of James Beckwourth, 1856, p. 269.
87. Tour to the Lakes, 1827, p. 292.
88. Nat. Races of Pacific States, 1874, vol. i, pp. 731, 744.
89. Life Among the Choctaws, 1860, p. 294.
90. Bossu’s Travels (Forster’s translation), 1771, p. 38.
91. At the hour intended for the ceremony, they made the victims swallow little balls or pills of tobacco, in order to make them giddy, and as it were to take the sensation of pain from them; after that they were all strangled and put upon mats, the favorite on the right, the other wife on the left, and the others according to their rank.
92. The established distinctions among these Indians were as follows: The Suns, relatives of the Great Sun, held the highest rank; next come the Nobles; after them the Honorables; and last of all the common people, who were very much despised. As the nobility was propagated by the women, this contributed much to multiply it.
93. The Great Sun had given orders to put out all the fires, which is only done at the death of the sovereign.
94. Ten Years in Oregon, 1850, p. 261.
95. Nat. Races of Pacif. States, 1875, vol iii, p. 513.
96. Pilgrimage, 1828, vol. ii, p. 443.
97. Canadian Red River Exploring Expedition, 1860, ii, p. 164.
98. League of the Iroquois, 1851, p. 287.
99. Cont. to North American Ethnol., 1878, iii, p. 164.
100. Am. Antiq., April, May, June, 1879, p. 251.
101. Pilgrimage, 1828, ii, p. 308.
102. Hist. Indian Tribes of the United States, 1851, part i, p. 356.
103. Cont. to N. A. Ethnol., 1877, vol. ii., p. 58.
104. Ethnol. and Philol. of the Hidatsa Indians. U.S. Geol. Surv. of Terr., 1877, p. 409.
105. Long’s Exped., 1824, vol. ii, p. 158.
106. Northwest Coast, 1857, p. 212.
107. Nat. Races Pacif. States, 1875, vol. iii, p. 512.