Constitution, 1895 (Cincinnati, 1895), Art. 17.

Proceedings of the Second Convention, Boston, 1896 (Lynn, n.d.), pp. 42-46; Third Convention, Boston, 1897 (Lynn, n.d.); Fourth Convention, Rochester, 1899 (Lynn, n.d.).

Constitution, 1899, sec. 65.

The Society of Carpenters, founded at Halifax, Nova Scotia, February 18, 1798, provided in its constitution that all members of twelve months' standing, if sick and confined to bed, should receive two shillings per week; if able to walk about but unable to work, they should receive such a sum as the Society thought wise (Constitution, 1798, [MS.]).

Proceedings of the Sixth General Convention, Chicago, 1890 (Philadelphia, 1890).

The Carpenter, Vol. 16, October, 1896; Vol. 18, October, 1898, p. 8.

Proceedings of the Forty-second Convention, Louisville, 1894, p. 3.

Proceedings of the Forty-fourth Convention, 1898, in Supplement to The Typographical Journal, November, 1898, p. 99.

See below, p. 104.

Iron Molders' Constitution, 1902 (Cincinnati, 1902), p. 37; Cigar Makers' Constitution, 1896, fourteenth edition (Chicago, n.d.), p. 34; Tobacco Workers' Constitution, 1900, third edition, 1905 (Louisville, n.d.), p. 25; Barbers' Constitution, 1902, p. 10; Garment Workers' Constitution, 1902, p. 37; Piano and Organ Workers' Constitution, 1902 (n.p., 1903), p. 18; Boot and Shoe Workers' Constitution, 1906, p. 31; Pattern Makers' Constitution, 1906, p. 48; Leather Workers on Horse Goods' Constitution, 1905, p. 21.

See page 80.

Exemption of half dues.

The Boot and Shoe Workers, who have a large number of female members, provide that "female members shall not be entitled to [sick] benefits while pregnant nor for five weeks after confinement" (Constitution, 1906, sec. 64).

See table on page 78.

Constitution, 1906 (Boston, 1906), pp. 30-32; Proceedings of the Seventh Convention, 1906, pp. 44-45.

Constitution, 1906 (New York, n.d.), p. 41.

Constitution, 1880, Art. 12.

Constitution, 1881 (New York, 1881), Art. 9; 1884 (New York, 1884), Art. 9; 1891 (Buffalo, 1892), p. 28.

25 jährige Geschichte der Deutsch-Amerikanischen Typographia, p. 35.

American Federationist, Vol. 2, No. 4, p. 62.

Constitution, 1877 (Rockland, 1877), p. 31.

Iron Molders' Journal, September, 1902, Supplement, p. 648.

Weyl, "Benefit Features of British Trade Unions" in Bulletin of the Bureau of Labor, No. 64, p. 722.

The Amalgamated Carpenters, an English union which had in 1902 forty-four branches with 3307 members in the United States, also pay an out-of-work benefit.

Journal, Vol. 1, September, 1876, p. 1.

Cigar Makers' Journal, Vol. 2, April, 1877, p. 2; Vol. 3, October, 1877, p. 3; Vol. 5, September, 1879, p. 3.

Ibid., Vol. 8, September, 1883, p. 9; Vol. 11, October, 1885, p. 6; Vol. 13, July, 1888, p. 7; Vol. 14, December, 1888, p. 3; Vol. 15, October, 1889, pp. 17-18; Constitution, amended 1889, Art. 8.

Cigar Makers' Journal, Vol. 15, February, 1890, p. 9.

Ibid., Vol. 17, October, 1891, p. 5 (Supplement).

Proceedings of the Twenty-first Session, September, 1896; in Cigar Makers' Journal, Vol. 22, No. 1.

Cigar Makers' Journal, Vol. 31, April, 1906, p. 13.

American Federationist, Vol. 2, No. 4, p. 61.

Ibid.

See table, page 91.

Constitution, 1902 (Danville, Ill., n.d.), p. 14.

Constitution, 1902 (New York, n.d.), p. 6.

Constitution, 1906 (New York, n.d.), p. 17.

Typographical Journal, Vol. 7, No. 5, p. 3.

Proceedings of the Forty-second Annual Session, 1894, p. 3.

Proceedings of the Forty-third Annual Session, 1896, pp. 76, 86.

The Carpenter, Vol. 14, September, 1894; Vol. 16, September, 1896.

Proceedings of the Fifth Convention, 1902, p. 28.

Constitution of the Cigar Makers' International Union of America, 1896, thirteenth edition (Chicago, n.d.), sec. 117; Constitution of the Deutsch-Amerikanischen Typographia, 1901.

Constitution, 1902 (Cincinnati, 1902), Art. 19. Until 1899 the unemployed member must not have been in arrears for more than four weeks' dues, and the benefit did not begin until he had been idle four weeks. (Constitution, 1898.)

Proceedings of Twenty-second Session, p. 646. In Supplement to Iron Molders' Journal, September, 1902.

Constitution, 1900, third edition, 1905 (Louisville, n.d.), sec. 43.

Constitution, 1906 (Quincy, n.d.), p. 45.

Constitution, 1904 (Kansas City, n.d.), p. 22.

Constitution, 1905 (Indianapolis, n.d.), sec. 195.

Constitution, 1905 (Quincy, n.d.), p. 45.

Constitution of the Leather Workers on Horse Goods, 1905 (Kansas City, n.d.), p. 22; Constitution of the International Tobacco Workers' Union, 1900, third edition, 1905 (Louisville, n.d.), sec. 43.

Approximate number only. Data furnished by Mr. R.H. Metcalf, financier of the union.

Constitution, 1867, Art. 11.

Cigar Makers' Journal, Vol. 1, October 5, 1878, p. 3.

Ibid.

Ibid. Vol. 4, August, 1879, p. 2.

Constitution, 1880 (New York, 1880), Art. 4.

Constitution, 1884 (New York, 1884), Art. 7; 1896, fourteenth edition, (Chicago, n.d.), p. 27. (Issued in 1906.)

Constitution, 1880 (New York, 1880), Art. 4; 1896, thirteenth edition, (Chicago, n.d.), p. 28.

Constitution, 1904 (Kansas City, n.d.), p. 21.

Report of Industrial Commission, Vol. 17, Introduction, p. XLII.

Cigar Makers' Journal, Vol. 31, April 15, 1906.

Hugo Miller, 25-jährige Geschichte der Deutsch-Amerikanischen Typographia, 1873-1898, p. 58; Jahres-Bericht, 1899-1906.

Report of Proceedings of the Twenty-fourth Annual Convention, American Federation of Labor, 1904 (Washington, 1904), p. 46.

Cigar Makers' Journal, Vol. 6, July, 1881, p. 1.

Ibid., Vol. 9, July, 1884, p. 3.

Weyl, "Benefit Features of British Trade Unions," in Bulletin of the Bureau of Labor, Vol. 12, p. 722.

Proceedings of the Seventh Convention, Chicago, 1858 (New York, 1858), p. 11; Proceedings of the Ninth Convention, Nashville, 1860 (Boston, 1860), pp. 53-54.

Constitution, 1876 (Cincinnati, 1876), Art. 18.

Constitution, 1878 (Cincinnati, 1878), Art. 17; Iron Molders' Journal, August, 1878, p. 4; October, 1878, p. 30.

Proceedings of the Eleventh General Convention of the Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners, Scranton, 1900 (Scranton, 1900). p. 67.

Proceedings of the Twelfth General Convention, 1902 (Atlanta, 1902), pp. 123, 163; The Carpenter, Vol. 22, November, 1902, p. 3; Vol. 23, No. 1.

Constitution, 1905 (Boston, n.d.), p. 28.

Constitution, 1904 (Chicago, n.d.), pp. 52-53.

Constitution, 1906 (New York, n.d.), pp. 15-16.

Constitution, 1902, Art. 11.

Constitution, 1905 (Quincy, n.d.), p. 45.

Iron Molders' Journal, Vol. 7, March, 1871.

Typographical Union, Constitution, 1904 (Indianapolis, n.d.), p. 26; Plumbers' Constitution, 1904 (Chicago, n.d.), pp. 19-21; Painters' Constitution, 1904 (La Fayette, n.d.), secs. 230-241; Boot and Shoe Workers' Constitution, 1904 (Boston, n.d.), sec. 7; Tobacco Workers' Constitution, 1900, third edition, 1905 (Louisville, n.d.), pp. 10-15; Leather Workers on Horse Goods, Constitution, 1904 (Kansas City, n.d.), p. 7; Barbers' Constitution, 1905 (Indianapolis, n.d.), pp. 13-14.

Constitution of the Railroad Trainmen, 1903 (Cleveland, 1903), sec. 58; Constitution of the Switchmen's Union of North America. 1903 (Buffalo, n.d.), sec. 57.

Constitution, 1903 (St. Louis, n.d.), Article 23, p. 109.

Constitution, amended, 1902 (Peoria, n.d.), sec. 52.

Constitution, 1903 (Cedar Rapids, n.d.), Article 27, p. 86.

Constitution of the Boot and Shoe Workers' Union, 1904 (Lynn, 1904), p. 25; Constitution of the Brotherhood of Painters, Decorators and Paperhangers of America, 1906 (La Fayette, n.d.), p. 39; Constitution of the Tobacco Workers' Union, 1900, third edition, 1905 (Louisville, n.d.), p. 18.

The following are the more important unions making no allocation of their funds: Cigar Makers, Typographia, Piano and Organ Workers, and Plumbers.

Constitution of the Iron Molders' Union of North America, 1902 (Cincinnati, n. d.), p. 20; Constitution of the International Typographical Union of North America, 1904 (Indianapolis, 1904) p. 10.

Proceedings of the Twenty-second Session, Toronto, 1902, p. 646 (Supplement to Iron Molders' Journal, September, 1902).

Proceedings of the Forty-sixth Session, Milwaukee, 1900, pp. 51, 99 (Supplement to Typographical Journal, September, 1900).

The Carpenter, Vol. 16, October, 1896.

Iron Molders' Constitution, 1902 (Cincinnati, 1902), p. 41; Cigar Makers' Constitution, 1896, fourteenth edition (Chicago, n.d.), sec. 151; Painters' Constitution, 1906 (La Fayette, n.d.), sec. 151.

Iron Molders' Constitution, 1902 (Cincinnati, 1902), p. 40; Carpenters' Constitution, 1905 (Milwaukee, n.d.), p. 19; Painters' Constitution, 1904 (La Fayette, n.d.), p. 29; Glass Workers' Constitution, 1903 (n.p., n.d.)5 p. 11; Wood Workers' Constitution, 1905 (Chicago, n.d.), sec. 137; Metal Workers' Constitution, 1903 (Joliet, n.d.), sec. 115.

Proceedings of the Nineteenth Session of the Iron Molders' Union of North America, 1890, Report of President (Cincinnati, n.d.); Proceedings of the Seventh General Convention of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, 1892, Report of the President (Philadelphia, 1892).

Constitution of the Iron Molders' Union of North America 1902 (Cincinnati, 1902), p. 41; Constitution of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, 1905 (Milwaukee, n.d.), secs. 109-110; Constitution of the Brotherhood of Painters, Decorators and Paperhangers of America, 1906 (La Fayette, n.d.), secs. 84-87.

Constitution of the Railway Conductors of America, 1903 (Cedar Rapids, n.d.), p. 82; Constitution of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners, 1905 (Milwaukee, n.d.), p. 19.

Constitution of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, 1905 (Indianapolis, n.d.), p. 30; Constitution of the Switchmen's Union of North America, 1903 (Buffalo, n.d.), p. 20.

Constitution of the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, 1903 (Cleveland, 1903), p. 35.

Constitution of the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, 1903 (Cleveland, 1903), p. 35; Constitution of the Switchmen's Union of North America, 1903 (Buffalo, n.d.), p. 16; Constitution of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners, 1905 (Milwaukee, n.d.), p. 19; Constitution of the Brotherhood of Painters, Decorators and Paperhangers of America, 1906 (La Fayette, n.d.), p. 20.

Constitution of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, 1905 (Indianapolis, n.d.), p. 34; Constitution of the Maintenance-of-Way Employees, 1903 (St. Louis, n.d.), p. 13; Constitution of the Grand International Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, 1904 (Cleveland, 1904), p. 85.

Constitution of the Railroad Trainmen, 1903 (Cleveland, 1903), p. 39.

Proceedings of the Twenty-second Convention, 1902, in Supplement to Iron Molders' Journal, September, 1902; Proceedings of the Twenty-third Convention, in Supplement to Iron Molders' Journal, September, 1907.

Locomotive Engineers' Journal, Vol. 28, p. 360.

Proceedings of the Nineteenth Convention of the Order of Railway Conductors, New Orleans, 1887 (Cedar Rapids, n.d.), pp. 51-52, 63.

Proceedings of the Nineteenth Convention of the Order of Railway Conductors, New Orleans, 1887 (Cedar Rapids, n.d.), pp. 155-156.

Hurd, Revised Statutes of Illinois, 1901 (Chicago, 1901), secs. 258-260, p. 1071.

Letter to the author, February 14, 1905.

Constitution, 1901 (La Fayette, n.d.), p. 1. Chartered under the laws of the State of Indiana.

Constitution of the Brotherhood of Painters, Decorators, and Paperhangers of America, 1899 (La Fayette, n.d.), pp. 2-5.