its subsequent fate, 166;

its vote in 1860, 178.

"Copperheads,"

developed in second year of war, ii. 95;

their principles and policy, 95, 96;

active after Chancellorsville, 143;

organization of, to oppose war, 181-183;

feared in Indiana, 183;

fail to accomplish anything, 183, 184;

despised by Lincoln, 184;

led by Vallandigham, 185;

attempt to put down, 186, 187;

Lincoln's opinion of, 190, 191;

demand revocation of emancipation proclamation, 319.

Corbett, Boston,

kills Booth, ii. 349.

Covode, John,

in House in 1861, i. 298.

Cox, Samuel S.,

in House in 1861, i. 297.

Crittenden, John J.,

offers compromise in 1861, i. 202;

in House in 1861, 297;

offers resolution that war is not against slavery, ii. 4;

opposes Lincoln's plan of emancipation in Kentucky, 22.

Curtin, Governor Andrew G.,

invites governors to meet at Altoona, ii. 117;

on connection of conference with emancipation proclamation, 118;

reflected, 201.

Curtis, Benjamin R.,

his opinion in Dred Scott case, i. 103.

Curtis, General Samuel R.,

his campaign in Missouri and Arkansas, i. 351.

Cushing, Lieutenant William B.,

destroys the Albemarle, ii. 301.

at Illinois bar, i. 68;

disgusted at election of Trumbull in 1855, 98;

Lincoln's manager in convention of 1860, 167.

Davis, Garrett,

succeeds Breckenridge in Senate, i. 297;

his plea against arming negroes, ii. 16.

Davis, Henry Winter,

introduces reconstruction bill, ii. 230, 231;

issues address denouncing Lincoln for vetoing bill, 234;

obliged to support Lincoln rather than McClellan, 265.

Davis, Jefferson,

advocates extension of Missouri Compromise in 1850, i. 89, 90;

sneers at attempted compromise in 1861, 204;

elected President of Confederate States, 205;

defies North, 205, 206;

hopes to entrap Seward into debate with commissioners, 238;

urged by South to do something, 241, 242;

prefers to make North aggressor, 242;

tries to win over Kentucky, 266, 268;

offers to issue "letters of marque and reprisal," 282;

when secretary of war, sent McClellan to Europe, 303;

sends troops to seize East Tennessee, 353;

wishes to free Kentucky, ii. 154;

his escape wished by Lincoln, 238;

replaces Johnston by Hood, 283;

proposition of Blair to, 304;

expresses willingness to treat for peace, 304;

nominates commissioners to treat for peace with independence, 305;

notified by Lee of approaching fall of Richmond, 330;

escapes from city, 334;

makes himself ridiculous and escapes punishment, 340;

suspected of complicity in Booth's plot, 352.

Dawson, ——,

leads Lincoln in vote for legislature in 1834, 42.

Dayton, William L.,

nominated by Republicans in 1856, i. 101;

candidate for nomination in 1860, 167, 169, 170.

Democratic party,

controls Illinois, i. 38, 59-61;

wins in 1852, 93;

factions in, 101;

elects Buchanan in 1856, 101, 102;

in. Illinois, nominates Douglas for Senate, 114;

torn with factions, 116;

breaks up in 1860 into Northern and Southern wings, 163-165;

nominates two sets of candidates, 164;

campaign of, in 1860, 174;

attempts to reunite, 175;

in North, members of, become Union men, 226;

effort of Lincoln to placate, by giving recognition in cabinet, 235;

Copperhead and other factions of, ii. 95-97;

"War Democrats," 97;

makes campaign in 1862 on opposition to anti-slavery legislation, 121-123;

gains in Congressional elections, 124, 125;

wishes Lincoln to compromise, 152;

denounces seizure of Vallandigham, 186;

agitates against military tyranny, 188;

commits error in opposing war, 192;

loses ground in 1863, 201;

applauds Fremont's candidacy, 258;

hopes for success in 1864, 264;

denounces war as failure and nominates McClellan, 264, 265;

war faction of, hesitates to vote for Lincoln, on slavery grounds, 270;

divided over peace plank, 274, 275;

damaged by Federal military successes, 285, 286;

hurt by Southern approval, 286, 287;

defeated in election, 291;

members of, in Congress, aid in passage of thirteenth amendment, 325, 326.

Dennison, William,

succeeds Blair as postmaster-general, ii. 288.

Dickinson, Daniel S.,

candidate for vice-presidential nomination, ii. 264.

Diplomatic history,

Seward's proposed foreign wars to prevent disunion, i. 276-278;

recognition of Southern belligerency by England and France, 371, 372;

instructions of Seward to Adams, 373-375;

difficulties over English privateers, 376;

message of Lincoln on foreign relations, 377, 378;

the Trent affair, 380-387;

the Oreto affair, ii. 171;

the Alabama affair, 172.

District of Columbia,

bill to emancipate slaves in, advocated by Lincoln, i. 80, 81;

slave trade in, abolished, 91;

abolition in, favored by Lincoln, 133;

emancipation in, carried, ii. 11, 12.

Dix, John A.,

on possible secession of New York, i. 197;

appointed to Treasury Department, 200, 201;

his order to protect American flag, 201.

Dixon, Archibald,

offers amendment repealing Missouri Compromise, i. 94.

Donelson, Andrew J.,

nominated for presidency by Whigs and Know-Nothings, i. 100.

Donelson, Fort,

battle of, i. 354, 355.

Doolittle, James R.,

in Senate in 1861, i. 297.

Doubleday, General Abner,

on Hooker's plan in Chancellorsville campaign, ii. 140.

Douglas, Stephen A.,

meets Lincoln in 1835, i. 43;

encounters him in campaign of 1840, 61;

Lincoln's rival in love affair, 63;

his position at Illinois bar, 68;

charges Lincoln with lacking patriotism in opposing Mexican war, 77;

introduces Kansas-Nebraska Bill, 94;

mobbed in Chicago, 95;

debates with Lincoln in campaign of 1854, 95, 96;

proposes a truce, 96;

candidate for Democratic nomination in 1856, 101;

opposes Lecompton Constitution, 106;

leading figure in public life, 106;

his character and ability, 106;

his doctrine of "popular sovereignty," 107;

avoids consequences of Dred Scott decision, 107;

defies Buchanan, 108;

his conduct in Lecompton case dictated by desire to secure reëlection to Senate, 108;

attacks "English Bill" as unfair, 109;

his candidacy for reëlection gives Lincoln opportunity, 113;

renominated by Democrats, 114;

denounced by South, 116;

opposed by administration, 116;

accepts Lincoln's challenge to joint debates, 121;

his attacks upon Lincoln, 124, 130;

accused by Lincoln of a plot to make slavery national, 126, 128;

denies any plot, 129;

on status of negro under Declaration of Independence, 131;

sneered at by Lincoln, 137;

keeps temper with difficulty, 137;

attempts to reconcile Dred Scott decision with popular sovereignty, 141;

fails to satisfy South, 142;

cornered by Lincoln, 143;

gains reëlection, 149;

on difficulty of debating with Lincoln, 150;

speaks in Ohio, 151;

in debate ignores secession, 157;

nominated by Democrats in 1860, 163, 164;

reasons why repudiated by South, 164, 165;

his vigorous canvass in 1860, 174, 175;

vote for, 178;

offers to aid Lincoln after fall of Sumter, 251;

value of his assistance, 251.

Dred Scott case,

decision in, i. 102, 103;

equivocal attitude of Douglas toward, 107;

discussed by Lincoln, 126, 127, 128-130, 141-143, 153.

Duane, Captain,

escorts Lincoln at inauguration, i. 220.

ignorant of Lincoln, i. 113, 173;

led to respect Lincoln by his speeches, 152, 155.

Edwards, Ninian W.,

in frontier political debates, i. 51;

member of Illinois bar, 68.

Emancipation,

Lincoln's plan for, in 1849, i. 80;

compensation for, wished by Lincoln, 133;

again proposed by Lincoln with compensation and colonization, ii. 10, 20-22, 24-27;

discussion of Lincoln's proposal, 28-30;

demanded instantly by Abolitionists, 99;

question of its constitutionality, 100, 101, 111;

opposition to, in North, 103;

demanded by clergymen, 110;

gradual decision of Lincoln to proclaim, 112-115;

reasons for caution in issuing proclamation, 114;

delay urged by Seward, 115;

preliminary declaration of, after battle of Antietam, 116, 117;

not influenced by Altoona conference, 117, 118;

its effect upon North, 119-121;

urged again, with compensation, by Lincoln, 126-129;

repudiated by Missouri, 129, 130;

final proclamation of, issued, 130;

condemned by rulers of England, though approved by people, 132;

renewed scheme of Lincoln to gain, by compensation, 309, 310.

England,

ignorance of, in West, i. 368;

its aid hoped by South, 369;

its sympathy expected by North, 369;

its upper classes dislike America, 370;

rejoices in anticipated destruction of United States, 370, 371;

recognizes belligerency of South, 372;

attitude of Seward toward, 373-375;

later dealings with, 376;

acquiesces in blockade, 376;

enraged at Trent affair, 382;

demands reparation, 383;

admitted by Lincoln to be in the right, 384;

reply of Seward, 384, 385;

Northern hatred of, 385, 386;

wisdom of Lincoln's attitude toward, 386, 387;

people of, gratified by emancipation proclamation, ii. 132;

fails to detain Oreto and Alabama, 172, 173;

subscribes to Confederate loan, 172, 173.

English, James E.,

in House in 1861, i. 297;

votes for thirteenth amendment, ii. 326.

Ericsson, John,

designs the Monitor, i. 356.

Evarts, William M.,

moves to make Lincoln's nomination unanimous, i. 171.

Everett, Edward,

nominated for Vice-President by Constitutional Union party, i. 166;

delivers oration at Gettysburg, ii. 213, 214.

Ewell, General R.S.,

enters Shenandoah Valley, ii. 143;

enters Pennsylvania, 144.

Ewing, ——,

defeats Lincoln for speakership in Illinois legislature, i. 60.

takes New Orleans, i. 358;

his campaign on Mississippi, 358, 359;

takes Mobile, ii. 284.

Fell, J.W.,

asks Lincoln concerning his ancestry, i. 1;

urges Lincoln to seek presidential nomination, 161.

Felton, Samuel M.,

fears plot to assassinate Lincoln, i. 212;

has wires cut to avoid sending news, 214.

Fenton, Reuben E.,

in House in 1861, i. 297.

Fessenden, William P.,

in Senate in 1861, i. 296;

reluctantly accepts Treasury Department, ii. 253;

his success, 254.

Fillmore, Millard,

nominated for presidency by Know-Nothings and Whigs in 1856, i. 101.

Financial history,

Chase's conduct of Treasury, ii. 170, 171.

Five Forks,

battle of, ii. 333.

Florida,

ready to secede in 1860, i. 183;

secedes, 186.

Florida,

Confederate privateer, ii. 171, 172.

Floyd, John B.,

in Buchanan's cabinet, i. 187;

wishes secession delayed, 198;

sends arms into South, 199;

involved in defalcation, 199;

quarrels on question of reinforcing Sumter and resigns, 199;

runs away from Fort Donelson, 354.

Foote, Admiral Andrew H.,

his operations in 1862, i. 333;

captures Fort Henry, 354.

Ford, Governor,

remark on Lincoln's political luck, i. 54.

Forney, John W.,

on Republican Convention of 1864, ii. 262.

Forquer, George,

taunts Lincoln with youth, i. 51, 52;

retort of Lincoln to, 52.

Fox, G.V.,

his plan to relieve Fort Sumter, i. 245, 247.

Franklin, General William B.,

summoned by Lincoln to consultation, i. 323;

does not tell McClellan, 324;

favors McClellan's plan of attack, 330, 336;

his division sent to McClellan, but not used, ii. 47;

his force occupies West Point, 48.

Fremont, Mrs. Jessie Benton,

her interview with Lincoln, i. 350.

Fremont, John C.,

nominated for presidency by Republicans, i. 101;

appointed to command in Missouri, 349;

his quarrelsomeness and inefficiency, 349, 350;

arrests Blair, 350;

the idol of Abolitionists, 350;

removed, 350;

declares slaves of rebels free in Missouri, ii. 6;

asked by Lincoln to modify order, 6;

refuses, and becomes enemy of Lincoln, 7;

reinforced by Lincoln under political pressure, 35;

commands force in West Virginia, 54;

ordered to catch Jackson, 55;

fails, 56;

resigns, 74;

upheld by Lincoln's enemies in Missouri, as rival for presidency, 255;

nominated for presidency, 258;

failure of his candidacy, 258;

withdraws, 259;

his followers hate Blair, 287.

France,

recognizes belligerency of South, i. 371, 372;

would have joined England in case of war, 385;

proposes mediation, ii. 173.

Fredericksburg,

battle of, ii. 137.

Free Soil party,

origin of, i. 86.

Fugitive Slave Law,

passed, i. 91;

Lincoln's opinion of, 132.