threatens North, 195, 196;

repudiates Peace Congress, 203, 204;

its leaders in Congress remain to hamper government, 204, 205;

forms Confederacy, 205;

expects Scott to aid, 207;

wishes to seize Washington, 209;

impressed by Lincoln's inaugural, 221;

its real grievance the refusal of North to admit validity of slavery, 222-224;

its doctrine of secession, 224, 225;

"Union men" in, 225, 226;

makes secession, not slavery, the ground of war, 225;

irritated at failure of secession to affect North, 241;

purpose of Lincoln to put in the wrong, 242;

rejoices over capture of Sumter, 251;

compared with North in fighting qualities, 253, 254;

elated over Bull Bun, 302;

its strength overestimated by McClellan, 315, 316;

expects aid from Northern sympathizers, 367;

hopes of aid from England disappointed, 369;

after Chancellorsville, wishes to invade North and conquer a peace, ii. 143;

welcomes Vallandigham, 187, 188;

economically exhausted in 1863, 199, 200;

reconstruction in, 216-244;

applauds McClellan, 286, 287;

evidently exhausted in 1864, 300, 308;

hopes of Lincoln to make its surrender easy, 308, 309.

South Carolina,

desires secession, i. 179;

suggests it to other States, 182;

secedes, 184, 185;

sends commissioners to treat for division of property with United States, 185;

refusal of Buchanan to receive, 199, 200;

refuses to participate in Peace Congress, 204;

besieges Fort Sumter, 243.

Spangler, Edward,

aids Booth to escape, ii. 347;

tried by court martial, 350, 351;

condemned, 352.

Speed, Joshua,

letter of Lincoln to, on slavery, i. 17;

goes with Lincoln to Kentucky, 63.

Spottsylvania,

battle of, ii. 279.

Sprague, Governor William,

of Rhode Island, ii. 251.

Stanton, Edwin M.,

attorney-general under Buchanan, i. 198;

joins Black in forcing Buchanan to alter reply to South Carolina Commissioners, 200;

share in Stone's punishment, 309;

appointed secretary of war, 326;

his previous insulting attitude toward Lincoln, 326, 327;

discussion of his qualities, good and bad, 327, 328;

an efficient secretary, 328;

sneers at generals who favor McClellan's plans, 336;

shows incompetence in organizing army, 343, 344;

praises Wilkes for capturing Mason and Slidell, 381;

communicates Lincoln's approval to McClellan, ii. 32;

loses head during Jackson's raid, 53;

bitter letter of McClellan to, 62;

becomes McClellan's merciless enemy, 63;

tries to prevent reappointment of McClellan, 81;

wishes to take troops from Meade for Rosecrans, 168;

repudiates Sherman's terms with Johnston, 239;

insults Sherman, 239, 240;

his relations with Grant, 277;

at time of Early's attack on Washington, 281;

on bad terms with Blair, 287;

persuades Lincoln to use an escort, 343;

plan to assassinate, 350.

Stephens, Alexander H.,

in Congress with Lincoln, i. 74;

on reasons for Georgia's secession, 183;

opposes secession, 187;

elected Vice-President of Confederate States, 205;

denies plot to seize Washington, 209;

letter of Lincoln to, 210, 211;

wishes to treat for peace with Lincoln, ii. 152;

his attempt foiled by Lincoln, 153;

admits desire to place Lincoln in false position, 153;

nominated by Davis on peace commission, 305.

Stevens, Thaddeus,

leader of House in 1861, i. 297;

denounces Lincoln's emancipation scheme, ii. 22;

considers Constitution destroyed, 109;

on admission of West Virginia, 181;

on unpopularity of Lincoln in Congress, 247;

admits Lincoln to be better than McClellan, 265.

Stone, General Charles P.,

commands at Ball's Bluff, i. 308;

his punishment, 308, 309.

Stuart, John T.,

law partnership of Lincoln with, i. 56, 67.

Stuart, General J.E.B.,

rides around Federal army, ii. 60;

repeats feat after Antietam, 87.

Sumner, Charles,

assaulted by Brooks, i. 99;

in Senate in 1861, 296.

Sumner, General Edwin V.,

objects to Lincoln's trying

to avoid murder plot, on ground of cowardice, i. 213;

opposes plan of Peninsular campaign, 336;

appointed corps commander, 344;

on force necessary to protect Washington, ii. 32.

Sumter, Fort,

question of its retention in 1861, i. 185, 239, 243-251.

Supreme Court,

left to determine status of slavery in Territories, i. 91;

in Dred Scott case, 102, 103;

in Merryman case, 287-289;

reluctance of Lincoln to fill, exclusively with Northern men, ii. 30;

Chase appointed chief justice of, 298, 299.

Surratt, John H.,

escapes punishment for complicity in assassination plot, ii. 352.

Surratt, Mary E.,

accomplice of Booth, tried and executed, ii. 351, 352.

Swinton, William,

on McClellan's self-sufficiency, i. 314;

on campaign of 1862, 339;

on extraordinary powers given Meade, ii. 146.

succeeded by Chase, ii. 298.

Tatnall, Captain Josiah,

destroys Merrimac, ii. 49.

Taylor, Dick,

amusingly tricked by Lincoln, i. 59.

Taylor, General Zachary,

his victories in Mexican war, i. 75;

supported by Lincoln for President, 78, 79;

urges New Mexico to apply for admission as a State, 88.

Tennessee,

refuses to furnish Lincoln with troops, i. 255;

at first opposed to secession, 268;

eastern counties of, Unionist, 268;

forced to secede, 269;

desire of Lincoln to save eastern counties of, 351;

prevented from Northern interference by Kentucky's "neutrality," 351;

seized by South, 353;

plan of Halleck to invade, ii. 155;

eastern counties freed from Confederates, 167;

plan of Lincoln to reconstruct, 219;

chooses presidential electors, 295.

Texas,

its rebellion and annexation, i. 85;

claims New Mexico, 88;

compensated, 91;

secedes, 187.

Thomas, General George H.,

considers Washington insufficiently protected, ii. 40;

at Chickamauga, 164;

replaces Rosecrans, 165;

prepares to hold Chattanooga, 166;

defeats Hood at Nashville, ii. 300, 301.

Thomas, Philip F.,

succeeds Cobb in Buchanan's cabinet, i. 198;

resigns from Treasury Department, 200.

Thompson, Jacob,

in Buchanan's cabinet, i. 188;

acts as Mississippi commissioner to persuade Georgia to secede, 188;

claims Buchanan's approval, 188;

resigns, 200.

Thompson, Colonel Samuel,

in Black Hawk war, i. 36.

Tod, David,

declines offer of Treasury Department, ii. 253.

Todd, Mary,

her character, i. 62;

morbid courtship of, by Lincoln, 63;

marries Lincoln, 63, 64;

her married life with Lincoln, 64, 65;

involves Lincoln in quarrel with Shields, 65, 66.

Toombs, Robert,

in Congress with Lincoln, i. 74;

works for secession in 1860, 186;

declares himself a rebel in the Senate, 204;

secretary of state under Jefferson Davis, 206.

Toucey, Isaac,

in Buchanan's cabinet, i. 187.

"Tribune," New York.

See Greeley, Horace.

Trumbull, Lyman,

leader of Illinois bar, i. 68;

elected senator from Illinois through Lincoln's influence, 96-98;

said to have bargained with Lincoln, 98;

in Senate in 1861, 296;

introduces bill to confiscate slaves of rebels, ii. 14.

Tucker, John,

prepares for transportation of Army of Potomac to Fortress Monroe, ii. 36.

his speeches in 1863, ii. 185;

tried and condemned for treason, 186;

imprisoned in Fort Warren, 186;

sent by Lincoln to Confederate lines, 187;

goes to Canada, nominated for governor in Ohio, 188;

opinion of Lincoln on, 190, 191;

defeated, 192;

forces peace plank into National Democratic platform, 275.

Vicksburg,

siege of, ii. 157-160.

Virginia,

at first opposed to secession, i. 262;

carried by Secessionists, 262, 263;

makes military league with Confederate States, 264;

becomes member of Confederacy, 264;

northwestern counties of, secede from, 265;

comment of Lincoln on, 292;

nominal State government of, ii. 217.

Voorhees, Daniel W.,

in House in 1861, i. 297.

thinks country ruined in 1862, ii. 104;

issues address denouncing Lincoln for veto of reconstruction bill, 234;

obliged to support Lincoln rather than McClellan, 265.

Wadsworth, General James S.,

commands forces to protect Washington, ii. 34;

considers troops insufficient, 40.

Walker, L.P.,

in Confederate cabinet, i. 206.

Walworth, Chancellor R.H.,

denounces coercion, i. 194.

War of Rebellion,

first call for volunteers, i. 252, 255;

protection of Washington, 255;

passage of Massachusetts troops through Baltimore, 256-258;

proclamation of blockade, 283;

naval situation, 283, 284;

second call for volunteers, army increased, 291;

military episodes of 1861, 298, 299;

campaign of Bull Run, 300-302;

character and organization of Northern armies, 304-308;

McClellan commander-in-chief, 310;

civilian officers in, 319;

attempt to force McClellan to advance, 322-326;

administration of War Department by Stanton, 326-328;

Lincoln's plan for, 329;

debate as to plan of Virginia campaign, 330-336;

General War Order No. I, 332;

adoption of McClellan's plan, 334-336;

discussion of McClellan's and Lincoln's plans, 337-340;

evacuation of Manassas, 341;

removal of McClellan from chief command, 343;

creation of army corps, 344;

character of Western military operations, 346-348;

Northern successes along the coast, 348;

campaign in Missouri and Arkansas, 351;

operations in Kentucky, 354;

campaign of Forts Henry and Donelson, 354, 355;

capture of New Madrid and Island No. 10, 355;

career of the ram Merrimac, 356;

battle of Merrimac and Monitor, 357;

capture of New Orleans, 358;

battle of Memphis, 359;

cruise of Farragut on Mississippi, 359;

Halleck commander in West, 359, 360;

advance of Grant and Buell on Corinth, 360, 361;

battle of Shiloh, 361, 362;

Halleck's advance on Corinth, 363, 364;

part played in war by politics, 365-367;

question of protection of Washington, ii. 31-35;

reinforcement of Fremont, 35;

Peninsular campaign, 36-72;

transportation to Fortress Monroe, 36;

Yorktown, 36-47;

retention of McDowell before Washington, 39-44;

advance of McClellan, 47-51;

Jackson's raid on Harper's Ferry, 52-56;

McDowell ordered to pursue Jackson, 55, 56;

criticism of Lincoln's orders, 56-58;

Seven Pines and Fair Oaks, 58;

halt and retreat of McClellan, 59-61;

Malvern Hill, 61;

retreat continued, 63;

discussion of campaign, 64-71;

Halleck commander-in-chief, 65, 66, 71;

abandonment of campaign, 68;

Army of Virginia formed under Pope, 74, 75;

Pope's campaign in Virginia, 75-78;

Cedar Mountain, 76;

second battle of Bull Run, 77;

quarrels between officers, 78, 79;

reinstatement of McClellan, 80-82;

reorganization of army, 82-84;

Lee's campaign in Maryland, 84;

Antietam, 85, 86;

McClellan fails to pursue Lee, 86-88;

Lincoln's proposals, 88-91;

McClellan superseded by Burnside, 92, 136;

Fredericksburg campaign, 136, 137;

quarrels in army, 137, 138;

Burnside succeeded by Hooker, 138-140;

Chancellorsville campaign, 140-142;

failure of Hooker to fight Lee in detail, 143, 144;

Lee's invasion of Pennsylvania, 144-146;

Hooker replaced by Meade, 146;

battle of Gettysburg, 147-149;

failure of Meade to pursue Lee, 149-152;

Bragg's invasion of Kentucky, 154;

battle of Perryville, 154;

Buell replaced by Rosecrans, 155;

battle of Stone's River, 155;

Rosecrans drives Bragg out of Tennessee, 156, 157;

siege and capture of Vicksburg, 157-160;

fall of Port Hudson, 162;

Rosecrans' Chattanooga campaign, 163, 164;

battle of Chickamauga, 164;

siege of Chattanooga, 165;

Rosecrans replaced by Thomas, Grant given command of West, 165;

battle of Chattanooga, 166, 167;

liberation of East Tennessee, 167;

Meade's campaign in mud, 168, 169;

steps leading to draft, 193-196;

diminishing influence of politicians in, 209, 210;

Grant made lieutenant-general, 276, 277;

new plan of campaign, 277, 278;

Grant's Virginia campaign, 278-281;

battle of Wilderness, 279;

battle at Spottsylvania, 279;

battle of Cold Harbor, 280;

Butler "bottled up," 280;

Early's raid against Washington, 281-283;

Sherman's Atlanta campaign, 283;

capture of Mobile, 284;

Sheridan's Valley campaign, 284, 285;

Sherman's march to the sea, 300;

Thomas's destruction of Hood's army, 300, 301;

sinking of the Alabama and of the Albemarle, 301;

decay of Confederate army in 1865, 330;

siege of Petersburg, 330-332;

march of Sherman through Carolinas, 331;

Bentonsville, 331;

attempts of Lee to escape, 331, 332;

Five Forks, 333;

abandonment of Petersburg and Richmond, 333-335;

flight of Lee to Southwest, 336, 337;

Appomattox, 337, 338;

surrender of Lee, 338, 339;

surrender of Johnston, 340.

Washburne, Elihu B.,

letters of Lincoln to, on senatorial election of 1855, i. 97;

on compromise in 1861, 210;

meets Lincoln at Washington, 214;

in House in 1861, 297.

Washington, George,

futility of attempt to compare Lincoln with, ii. 357.

Webb, General A.S.,

on effects of politics in Virginia campaigns, i. 336;

on the consequences of Lincoln's relation to McClellan, ii. 43;

on McClellan's change of base, 61-68.

Webster, Daniel,

his 7th of March speech, i. 90.

Weed, Thurlow,

advocates revision of Constitution in 1860, i. 193.

Weitzel, General Godfrey,

enters Richmond, ii. 334.

Welles, Gideon,

secretary of navy, i. 234;

opposes relieving Sumter, 245;

changes opinion, 246;

not told by Lincoln of plan to relieve Pensacola, 247;

learns that Lincoln has spoiled his plan to relieve Sumter, 247;

wishes Lincoln to close Southern ports by proclamation, 284;

disapproves of Lincoln's scheme of amnesty, ii. 310.

West,

social characteristics of frontier life in, i. 17-30;

democracy in, 22;

vagrants in, 23;

violence and barbarity of, 24;

manners and customs, 24-26;

grows in civilization, 26;

economic conditions of, 27;

frontier law and politics, 28-30;

popular eloquence in, 57;

its ignorance of foreign countries, 368.

West Virginia,

origin of, i. 265; campaign of McClellan in, 304;

forms a state Constitution, ii. 180;

question of its admission, 180, 181;

its vote counted in 1864, 297.

Whigs,

character of, in Illinois, i. 38;

support Lincoln for speaker, 59, 60;

fail to carry Illinois in 1840, 61;

and in 1844, 71;

elect Lincoln to Congress, 73;

oppose Mexican war, 74;

elect Taylor, 79;

defeated in 1852, 93;

join Know-Nothings in 1856, 100.

White, Hugh L.,

supported by Lincoln in 1836, i. 50.

Whiteside, General Samuel,

in Black Hawk war, i. 36.

Wigfall, Lewis T.,

jeers at North in 1860, i. 196.

Wilderness,

battle of, ii. 279.

Wilkes, Captain Charles,

seizes Mason and Slidell, i. 380;

applauded in North, 381;

condemned by Lincoln, 382.

Wilmot, David,

in Congress with Lincoln, i. 74;

in Senate in 1861, 296.

Wilson, Henry,

hopes that Douglas will become Republican in 1858, i. 116;

in Senate in 1861, 296;

introduces bill to emancipate slaves in District, ii. 11;

on negro troops, 17;

admits small number of radical emancipationists, 121;

denounces Blair to Lincoln, 287.

Winthrop, Robert C.,

chosen speaker of House, i. 74.

Wisconsin,

admitted as free State to balance Texas, i. 88;

Democratic gains in, ii. 125.

Wood, Fernando,

advocates secession of New York City, i. 197;

wishes Lincoln to compromise, ii. 152.

Wool, General John E.,

commands at Fortress Monroe, ii. 45.