Abenakis, the I. 23, 40, 209, 480; settled in Canada, I. 23; at Fort Duquesne, I. 154; assist the Canadian militia, I. 371, 372; called to a council of war by Montcalm, I. 485-489; position of the English at Fort William Henry, I. 499; the massacre at Fort William Henry (see William Henry, Fort), I. 510-513, II. 428-431; evidence concerning the massacre, I. 514 note; their conversion to Christianity, I. 514 note; seize the messengers of Amherst, II. 251; Rogers sent to destroy one of their towns, II. 251, 253-258 note; their cruelty, II. 253, 255; the St. Francis settlement, II. 253, 254; statistics of warriors at the siege of Quebec, II. 436, 437.
Abercromby, General James, I. 165 note; to supersede Webb in command of the army, I. 383; to resign in favor of Earl Loudon, I. 383; arrives at Albany, I. 399; sends a letter of approbation to Rogers, I. 445; Loudon recalled from office, II. 48; succeeds Loudon in command, II. 48; to lead the expedition against Louisbourg, II. 48; Amherst prevented from co-operation with, II. 75; the rejoicing at the fall of Louisbourg, II. 76, 77; Amherst plans to assist him at Lake George, II. 80; expedition led by, against Ticonderoga, II. 85-113 note; his camp at Lake George, II. 88; his leadership, II. 89, 240; number of his troops, II. 88, 89; his opinion of Lord Howe, II. 89; statistics of the expedition against Ticonderoga, II. 91, 92, 431-433; the passage of Lake George, II. 92-94; the army lost in the woods, II. 95; effect of the death of Lord Howe upon his army, II. 97, 98; the army reaches the Falls, II. 98, 99; statements concerning the French defences, II. 100, 101; different courses of action open to, II. 101, 102; the eve of battle, II. 103, 104; order of the assault, II. 105-107; his encounter with Montcalm at Ticonderoga, II. 106-110; his retreat, II. 110, 111, 114, 115, 165, 238; his losses, II. 110, 432, 433; a disgraceful order sent to Colonel Cummings, II. 114; nickname given to, by the Provincials, II. 115; visited by the chaplains, II. 117; sends a war-party into the woods, II. 121-123; despatches Bradstreet to capture Fort Frontenac, II. 127; receives news of the fall of Fort Frontenac, II. 127; joined by Amherst, II. 129; Fort Frontenac dismantled, II. 129; his camp broken up, II. 130; neglects to assist Forbes's army, II. 157; Amherst's superior leadership, II. 240; his letter to Pitt, II. 432.
Abraham an Indian, I. 174.
Abraham Martin, his name given to the Heights of Abraham, II. 289.
Abraham, the Heights of, II. 259, 408, 438-441; Wolfe discovers a path ascending the cliff, II. 272, 273; general belief in the safety of the heights, II. 275, 276; ascent of the troops under Wolfe's direction, II. 281, 287; statistics concerning Wolfe's army, and the action upon, II. 438-441.
Abraham, the Plains of, II. 200, 298 note, 327, 357; inaccessibility of, II. 260; Guienne's troops not at their post, II. 285; origin of the name, and description of, II. 289; the fall of Quebec, II. 302-324, 325 note, 326 note, 444.
Acadia, I. 178, 486; population of, I. 20, 94, 124, 264, 284; attacks made on New England, I. 28; questions of boundary, I. 90, 122-128, 184, 236-238, 259; conquest of, by Nicholson in 1710, I. 90; conditions of residence for French subjects, I. 90, 91; conflict for, I. 90-127; English power in, I. 92; the naval station at Chebucto, I. 92, 93; ceded to England by France, I. 93, 94; determination of the French to recover it, I. 93-95; six principal parishes of, I. 94; documents on the affairs of, I. 94-96; religion, priests, and government of, I. 94, 99, 100, 107, 259, 260; attention given by Count Raymond to the affairs of, I. 102; wretched condition of the emigrants from, I. 109, 110; Joseph Le Loutre, the vicar-general of, I. 113; Beaubassin occupied by the English, I. 115-120; emigration encouraged by the French, I. 116; the question of French or English ownership, I. 123, 124, 184, 236, 239, II. 405; need of communication between Quebec and Cape Breton, I. 123; the census of, I. 124; expedition against, to be led by Lieutenant-Colonel Monckton, I. 194; sad condition of the people of, I. 234, 235; the French use the inhabitants to carry on their war-parties, I. 235; questions of policy for the French and English in Acadia, I. 236-241; probability of French invasion, I. 237; importance of her harbors, I. 237; arrival of the English troops, I. 246, 247; conditions leading to the expulsion of the inhabitants from, I. 253-266; removal of the inhabitants from their homes, I. 255, 266-284; encampment of the New England troops, I. 269, 270; tour of inspection made by Winslow, I. 271; arrival of the vessels of transport at Nova Scotia, I. 276; arrival of Saul with provisions, I. 278, 279; embarkation of the Acadians, I. 279-281; return of a portion of the exiles, I. 283; the act of expatriation criticised, I. 284; families of British stock settle in, I. 284; capture of forts by the English, I. 328; plans of Vaudreuil for conquest, II. 178.
Acadians, the I. 93; religious privileges accorded to, by the treaty of Utrecht, I. 91, 256; required to take the oath of allegiance to England, I. 91, 92, 235, 260; influence of the French upon, I. 91, 93-124, 235-237, 242-245; their religion, I. 91, 95, 259, 260, 281; their hostility to the English encouraged by the French priests, I. 91, 98-107, 109, 113, 114, 121, 122, 235, 236, 238, 257, 259, 260, 262, 264, II. 419-421; the war of 1745, I. 92; form of the oath of allegiance, I. 92 note, 265; their condition and numbers from 1748 to 1752, I. 93, 94; official papers relating to, I. 94-96; taught to love France, and to call themselves French subjects, I. 94, 235, 237, 243, 245, 253, 257; treatment received from the English, and mildness of their rule, I. 95-97, 235, 236, 261, II. 418, 419; quotations from Roma, alluding to, I. 96, 97; their fear of the Indians, I. 96, 108, 114, 235; join the Indian war-parties of the French against the English, I. 97, 103, 104, 262, 264, 275, II. 419-421; their neutrality, I. 97, 258; their oath of allegiance to be made more binding, I. 97, 98; deputies sent to meet Cornwallis at Halifax, I. 97, 98; their refusal to take an unqualified oath of allegiance to George II., I. 97, 98; promise good behavior and a reasonable compliance, I. 98; order of Cornwallis issued to, concerning the oath, I. 98, 99; plans of the French to recover their possessions, I. 98-100; their covert war, I. 99-105; advised by Desherbiers and others to refuse the oath of allegiance, I. 101, 106; letters from French officials showing their secret work against the English, I. 101; encouraged by the French to emigrate to French lands, I. 102, 108-110; testimony of Prévost concerning, I. 105; cruelly and dishonorably treated by the priest Le Loutre, I. 108-110, 113-122, 235-238, 242-245, II. 420, 421; wretchedness of the emigrants after leaving their English farms, I. 109, 110, 119, 120-122, 235-238, 243-245, 265, 266; speech of Cornwallis to the deputies, I. 110, 111, 112; treatment received from Hopson, I. 112, 113; French method of terrifying, by using the Micmacs, I. 113, 114; occupation of Beaubassin by the English, I. 115-120; disaffection among, I. 116; forcibly removed by the French from Beaubassin, and obliged to live on French ground, I. 116; the murder of Captain Howe, I. 118, 119; a French fort to be built on Beauséjour, I. 119, 120; ordered to swear allegiance to France, I. 120, 121; contest between French and English, I. 120-122; proclamation of Lawrence concerning, I. 121; absurd demands of Le Loutre, I. 121; a portion of the inhabitants cross the French lines, I. 121; their suffering inside the French lines, I. 121, 122, 244, 245; plans of Shirley to send away from Acadia all French settlers, 234, 257; a portion of the people transported to French settlements, I. 235, 235 note; fears of the English, I. 239-241; supplies sent to the emigrants, I. 242; their supplies stolen by the officials, I. 242; plans of Le Loutre for the emigrants, I. 243, 244; false statements of Le Loutre, I. 244; prevented by Le Loutre from appealing to Duquesne, I. 244; harsh treatment received from Governor Duquesne, I. 244, 245; desire of, to return to their English allegiance, I. 244, 245; an annoyance to the English, I. 245; dealt with by the French with heartlessness, I. 245; their terror upon the arrival of the English troops, I. 247; disloyalty of, I. 248, 257, 258; join the French garrison, I. 248; the siege of Beauséjour by the English, I. 248-253, 260; assisted by Le Loutre at Beauséjour, I. 250; capitulation of Beauséjour, I. 251; condition leading to the expulsion of, from Acadia, I. 253-266; ordered by Monckton to meet him at Beauséjour, I. 254; sentence pronounced upon, by Monckton, and prisoners taken at Fort Cumberland, I. 254, 255, 266; explanation of the imprisonment of, I. 255-266; prevented by the priests from joining the English, I. 255; again ordered to take the oath of allegiance, I. 255; demands made by the priests with regard to their return to their home, I. 255, 256; refuse to take the oath of allegiance to England, I. 256; instruction sent to Governor Lawrence with regard to, I. 257; to be compelled to take the oath of allegiance, I. 257; desire of Shirley to expel from the county, I. 257; their country commonly considered an Arcadia, I. 258; depicted by Abbé Raynal, I. 258; their means and mode of living, I. 258-260; their population, I. 259; their houses, I. 259, 268; their food, I. 259; their furniture, I. 259; their animals, I. 259; their clothing, I. 259; marriages among, I. 259, 260; their village life, I. 259, 260; their priests, religion, and government, I. 259, 260; only a few take the required oath, I. 260; the priests assist the French Bishop and Governor of Canada, I. 260; loyal to Louis XV., and untrue to George II., 260, 264; described by Dieréville, I. 260 note; the oath of allegiance administered by Governor Lawrence, I. 260; emigration of a small number of, to Cape Breton, I. 260; they return, and take the oath of allegiance, I. 260; kind treatment vouchsafed to the loyal inhabitants, I. 260; memorial bought by, to Captain Murray, I. 260-263; contents of their memorial sent to Governor Lawrence, I. 260-263; their insolence, I. 261; ordered to take the oath of allegiance to England, or to leave the country, I. 263, 264; again refuse the oath of allegiance, I. 264; declare their preference to lose their lands, I. 264; plans of removal discussed by the English, I. 265, 266; resolution to remove the people from their country, I. 265, 266; instructions quoted with regard to the removal of, I. 266, 267; instrumentality of the priests in the expulsion of, I. 265, 266, 266 note; removal of, by the English, from their homes, I. 266-284; summoned to meet Winslow to hear the orders of George II., I. 271-274; meet Winslow in the church at Grand Pré, I. 272-274, 276; declared prisoners of the King, I. 274; unite with the Indians to attack the English, I. 275; number in charge of Winslow, I. 276; arrival of the transports, I. 276; detention of, on the vessels, I. 276, 277, 277 note; supplies for the prisoners delayed, I. 278, 279; cases of the separation of families, I. 279, 280; removal of, described, I. 279-282; effort of the prisoners to escape, I. 280; number of, embarked for the colonies, I. 280-282; guerilla warfare against the English, I. 282; distribution of the exiles, I. 282; treatment received in the colonies, I. 282; heartless outrages practised upon, in Canada, I. 282, 283, II. 26; exiles on one of the vessels escape to the St. John, I. 282; sent to France, I. 283; sent to England, I. 283; progenitors of the present race, I. 283; death of, I. 283; arrival of the exiles in Louisiana, I. 283; at the siege of Louisbourg, II. 62, 66; false dealing of, Boishébert, II. 170; their hostility to the English, II. 181.
Achilles, I. 353, II. 184.
Acts of Parliament. See Parliament.
Adams, a wagoner, carries a letter of warning to Fort Lyman, I. 296; shot by the Indians, I. 299.
Adams, Captain, I. 249, 270, 272; removal of the Acadians, I. 267, 270, 276, 277, 280 note.
Adams, Parson, I. 6.
Adirondacks, I. 453.
Admiralty, the position held by Anson, I. 179.
Admiralty, Lords of the, citation from letters to, I. 181.
Africa, II. 44, 49; the French driven from Guinea, II. 47; the power of England over, II. 400; France cedes Senegal, II. 406.
Aigues Mortes, dungeons of, I. 21.
Aix-la-Chapelle, the treaty of, I. 9, 19, 36, 43, 94, 359, 360, II. 53, 406; questions of boundary to be settled by commissioners, I. 122-128.
Alais, I. 455.
Albany, I. 28, 65, 171, 233, 289, 290, 298, 310, 326, 403, 421, 435, 452, II. 91, 93; conservatism of, in the eighteenth century, I. 33; meeting of Indians and commissioners, I. 61; news sent to, of the death of Lord Howe, II. 98; advance of Bradstreet, II. 129; congress of Indians and English held, I. 172-176; plan of Franklin for colonial union, I. 175; the Dutch at, I. 193, 320; decisions of the council, I. 194, 195; described by Mrs. Grant, I. 319, 320; the base of military operations, I. 319, 320; headquarters of Shirley, I. 384, 393; the Indians mislead by the traders, I. 390; plans of Vaudreuil, I. 393, 394; return of Bradstreet, I. 395, 396; arrival of Webb and Abercromby, I. 399; rumors of danger from the enemy, I. 415, 475, II. 3.
Albemarle, Lord, Governor of Virginia, I. 105 note, 137; English ambassador at Versailles, I. 180; his death, I. 184.
Albemarle, Earl of, expedition of, II. 401, 402.
"Alcide," the, I. 185.
Alembert, D', I. 16.
Alequippa, Queen, I. 151; flies from her possessions, I. 45.
Alexander, II. 408.
Alexandria, I. 142, 162, 247; camp of Braddock at, I. 191; council held at the camp, I. 196 note, 234, 241, 286.
Algonquins, or Algonkins, the, I. 74; at Fort Duquesne, I. 154; assist the Canadian militia, I. 372; their means of divination, I. 438 note; called to a council by Montcalm, I.