O. N. ou, au is regularly
ou, ow in Sco.: blowt, douff, dowff,
gowk, gowl, loup, louse, nowt,
rout, rowste, soum. Very frequently appears as
oi, oy: e.g., soym, doif, goilk,
loip, etc.
O. N. ou > u in gukk,
vb. formed from gowk (?).
jo.
O. N. jo before r >
a in starn (O. N. stjorn).
jo > ei in leister. Appears
as i in the N. Sco. word shiel.
ju.
O. N. ju > ū in
stroop.
ju > i in skyle.
b.
O. N. b regularly remains b.
Is lost after m in gylmyr.
b > p initially pirrye.
d.
O. N. d regularly remains.
Is lost after n in hansell.
An epenthetic d appears after n
in solande, ythand; after l in boldin
and rangeld.
O. N. ld > ll in
caller.
g.
O. N. g regularly remains g
before guttural and palatal vowels alike.
g > ȝ before a palatal vowel in
genȝeld, yhemsel.
O. N. g disappears after n
in titlene.
g > ch in bawch,
lawch.
On O. N. a + g,
o + g, e + g, see the vowels.
p.
O. N. p regularly remains p.
p > ph finally in sumph.
t.
O. N. t regularly remains t.
t > tch in scratch.
Seems to have become d in cadie
(O. N. kátr), but Dan. kådh may be the source.
An epenthetic t after n
appears in eident.
k.
O. N. k regularly remains k.
k > ch finally in screch.
Cp. also laiching.
O. N. ks (x) > ss
in assletooth, wissle.
On O. N. sk, see s.
v.
O. N. v regularly becomes w:
welter, witter, ware, werr, wicht,
etc.
O. N.
v is represented by v in vath, vittirly,
vyndland, all in Bruce.
An epenthetic v appears after o
(u) in crove, rove, unrufe.
ð, þ
O. N. ð, þ quite regularly
> th: baith, bletherb, raith, buith,
degraith, firth, garth, graith, ithand,
lythe, mythe, hething, harth, grith,
gyrth, waith, vath, sleuth, tath,
skaith, wandreth, etc.
O. N. ð > d medially and
finally in eident, ydlanlie, heid, red,
duds, stud.
O. N. ð is lost in mauch.
O. N. þ initially remains in
thrist, thra, thraif, tha, thir,
thwaite, wan-threvin.
þ > t in tytt,
tangle.
f.
O. N. f initially always remains.
Medially and finally f remains in cloff,
nefe, lufe, laif.
Medially and finally f > v in:
nieve, nevin, rive, lave, crave.
O. N. f > th in scarth
(O. N. skarfr).
An epenthetic f appears in unrufe
(v?).
s.
O. N. s regularly remains s.
s > ch in chyngill (?).
sk.
O. N. sk = sk initially medially
and finally: skar, sker, skewit, skill,
skugg, skrech, skant, scait, scool,
scratch, scarth, skait, skail, scud,
scudler, script, skyle, skeigh, busk,
bask (dry), harsk, harskness, forjeskit,
mensk(?).
O. N. sk > sh finally in
dash (?).
sk > sh before a guttural
vowel in shacklet (?), and schore (?).
O. N. sk before i (ī)
> sh in shiel. Cp. skyle above.
sk > s finally in mense.
h.
O. N. h initially before vowels remains,
except in aweband.
O. N. h initially before r,
l, n, is lost: rad, rangale, ruse,
lack, loup, nieve, etc.
O. N. ht, remains, is not assimilated
to tt, e.g., sacht, unsaucht.
An inorganic h initially appears in
hendir, hugsum.
hv.
O. N. hv regularly > qu,
quh: quhelm, quey.
m, n, l, r.
O. N. m regularly remains.
m before t > n in
skant, skantlin.
O. N. n always remains, nd
is not assimilated to nn. Cp. Cu. winnle.
O. N. l initially remains.
Medially and finally generally remains.
O. N. l after o >
w: bowdyne, bowne, bow.
l very frequently takes the place of
w medially: golk, dolf.
An excrescent l appears in gylmyr.
O. N. r regularly remains.
Disappears before sk in bask,
undergoes metathesis in gyrth.
Inflexional r remains in caller.
1. The publications of the Scottish
Text Society and those of the Early English Text Society are given first.
The others follow, as nearly as may be, in chronological order.
2. Ellis's D 31 = N. W.
Yorkshire, Cumberland, Westmoreland and N. Lancashire.
Volume 1 in the Series
of
GERMANIC STUDIES
from
Columbia University