"I was ever a fighter, so—one fight more,
The best and the last!
I would hate that death bandaged my eyes, and forbore,
And bade me creep past.
No! let me taste the whole of it, fare like my peers
The heroes of old,
Bear the brunt, in a minute pay glad life's arrears
Of pain, darkness and cold."
With almost royal pomp, the earthly remains of Stephen Arnold Douglas
were buried beside the inland sea that washes the shores of the home
of his adoption. It is a fitting resting place. The tempestuous waters
of the great lake reflect his own stormy career. Yet they have their
milder moods. There are hours when sunlight falls aslant the subdued
surface and irradiates the depths.
FOOTNOTES:
[979] Holland, Life of Lincoln, p. 301.
[981] Arnold, Lincoln, pp. 200-201. The date of this dispatch
should be April 14, and not April 18.
[982] Forney, Anecdotes, I, p. 224.
[983] New York Tribune, April 18.
[984] Forney, Anecdotes, I, p. 225.
[985] Herndon-Weik, Lincoln, II, p. 249 note; Forney,
Anecdotes, I, p. 225.
[986] Many friends of Douglas have assured me of their
unshaken belief in this story.
[987] Forney, Anecdotes, I, pp. 121, 226.
[988] Philadelphia Press, April 26, 1861.
[989] Philadelphia Press, April 26, 1861.
[990] The Philadelphia Press, April 26, 1861, reprinted the
speech from the Wheeling Intelligencer of April 21, 1861.
[991] J.D. Cox, Military Reminiscences of the Civil War, I,
pp. 5-6.
[992] Mr. Horace White in Herndon-Weik, Lincoln, II, pp.
126-127.
[993] Senator Cullom of Illinois, quoted in Arnold, Lincoln,
p. 201, note.
[994] Mr. Horace White in Herndon-Weik, Lincoln, II, pp.
126-127.
[995] Arnold, Lincoln, p. 201, note.
[996] The speech was printed in full in the New York
Tribune, May 1, 1861.
[997] The New York Tribune, June 13th, and the Philadelphia
Press, June 14th, published this speech in full.
[998] Arnold, Lincoln, p. 193. See also his remarks in the
Senate, January 3, 1861.
- Abolitionism, debate in the Senate on, 124-126.
- Abolitionists, in Illinois, 156, 158-160;
- Adams, John Quincy, on Douglas, 72, 76, 89, 98;
- Albany Regency, 10.
- Anderson, Robert, dispatch to War Department, 442;
- moves garrison to Port Sumter, 451.
- Andrews, Sherlock J., 11.
- Anti-Masonry, in New York, 10.
- Anti-Nebraska party. See Republican party.
- "Appeal of the Independent Democrats," origin, 240;
- assails motives of Douglas, 241.
- Arnold, Martha, grandmother of Stephen A. Douglas, 4.
- Arnold, William, ancestor of Stephen A. Douglas, 4.
- Ashmun, George, 475, 476, 477.
- Atchison, David R., pro-slavery leader in Missouri, 223;
- favors Nebraska bill (1853), 225;
- and repeal of Missouri Compromise, 225, 235;
- and Kansas-Nebraska bill, 256.
- Badger, George E., 215.
- "Barnburners," 132.
- Bay Islands, Colony of, 209, 213.
- Bell, John, presidential candidate, 425, 429, 440.
- Benjamin, Judah P., quoted, 402, 453.
- Benton, Thomas H., 44, 117, 223.
- Berrien, John M., 185.
- Bigler, William, 333, 335, 417, 446.
- Bissell, William H., 305.
- Black, Jeremiah S., controversy with Douglas, 409-410.
- "Black Republicans," origin of epithet, 275;
- "Blue Lodges" of Missouri, 283, 286.
- Boyd, Linn, 182.
- Brandon, birthplace of Douglas, 5, 9, 69.
- Brandon Academy, 7, 9.
- Breckinridge, John C., 382;
- Breese, Sidney, judge of Circuit Court, 52;
- elected Senator, 62;
- and Federal patronage, 118-119;
- director of Great Western Railroad Company, 168-170;
- retirement, 158, 171.
- Bright, Jesse D., 119, 417.
- Broderick, David C., and Lecompton constitution, 335;
- and English bill, 347;
- killed, 411.
- Brooks, S.S., editor of Jacksonville News, 19, 20, 25, 40.
- Brooks, Preston, assaults Sumner, 298.
- Brown, Albert G., 247, 340, 341, 397-398, 402.
- Brown, John, Pottawatomie massacre, 299;
- Harper's Ferry raid, 411, 412.
- Brown, Milton, of Tennessee, 89.
- Browning, O.H., 66, 67, 115.
- Buchanan, James, candidacy (1852), 206;
- nominated for presidency (1856), 276-278;
- indorses Kansas-Nebraska bill, 279 n.;
- elected, 306;
- appoints Walker governor of Kansas, 324-325;
- interview with Douglas, 328;
- message, 328-329;
- advises admission of Kansas, 338;
- orders reinforcement of Sumter, 452.
- Bulwer, Sir Henry, Clayton-Bulwer treaty, 209.
- Butler, Andrew P., 119, 137, 216.
- Calhoun, John, president of Lecompton Convention, 327.
- Calhoun, John C., 120;
- on Abolitionism, 124;
- and Douglas, 125;
- radical Southern leader, 127, 138;
- on the Constitution, 140.
- California, coveted by Polk, 109;
- Clayton Compromise, 130;
- Polk's programme, 133;
- statehood bill, 134;
- controversy in Senate, 135-142;
- Clay's resolutions, 176;
- new statehood bill, 181-184;
- the Omnibus, 184-186;
- admitted, 187.
- Canandaigua Academy, 9, 10.
- Carlin, Thomas, 42, 45, 51.
- Cass, Lewis, defends Oregon policy, 99;
- introduces Ten Regiments bill, 120;
- Nicholson letter, 128;
- presidential candidate, 132;
- candidacy (1852), 206;
- and Clayton-Bulwer treaty, 209;
- and Monroe Doctrine, 211;
- on Kansas-Nebraska bill, 245-246;
- candidacy (1856), 277;
- on Sumner, 296.
- Charleston Convention, delegates to, 413, 416;
- organization of, 417;
- Committee on Resolutions, 418;
- speech of Payne, 418-419;
- speech of Yancey, 419;
- speech of Pugh, 419-420;
- minority report adopted, 420;
- secession, 420;
- balloting, 420-421;
- adjournment, 421.
- Chase, Salmon P., joint author of the "Appeal," 240-241;
- and Kansas-Nebraska bill, 247; 249;
- assailed by Douglas, 251-252.
- Chicago, residence of Douglas, 309;
- investments of Douglas in, 310.
- Chicago Convention, 425.
- Chicago Press and Tribune, on Douglas, 349;
- declares Springfield resolutions a forgery, 370.
- Chicago Times, Douglas organ in Northwest, 305, 328.
- Chicago University, gift of Douglas to, 310.
- Clark Resolution (1861), 452.
- Clay, Henry, compromise programme, 176;
- and Douglas, 183-184;
- and Utah bill, 186-187;
- on passage of compromise measures, 189.
- Clayton-Bulwer treaty, 209-214.
- Clayton, John M., 119;
- Clingman, Thomas L., 425, 444, 466.
- Colfax, Schuyler, 348.
- Collamer, Jacob, 289, 338, 446-447.
- Colorado bill, 456;
- Committee on Territories, Douglas as chairman, in House, 99-100;
- Compromise of 1850, Clay's resolutions, 176-177;
- Constitutional Union party, possibility of, 349;
- nominates Bell, 425;
- prospects, 428.
- Cook, Isaac, 418.
- Crittenden Compromise, 446-447;
- indorsed by Douglas, 447-448;
- proposed referendum on, 449;
- opposed by Republicans, 452;
- defeated, 463.
- Crittenden, John J., favors Douglas's re-election, 382;
- Cuba, acquisition of, favored by Douglas, 199, 208, 396-397.
- Cutts, J. Madison, father of Adèle Cutts Douglas, 255, 316.
- Danites, Mormon order, 90;
- Davis, Jefferson, and Douglas, 189;
- and Kansas-Nebraska bill, 237-238;
- and Freeport doctrine, 399 ff., 413;
- resolutions of, 415-416;
- assails Douglas, 423;
- on candidates and platforms, 424;
- on Southern grievances, 444;
- on committee of thirteen, 446;
- permits attack on Sumter, 474.
- Davis, John, 119.
- Democratic party, Baltimore convention (1844), 79;
- campaign, 80-81;
- platform, 84, 98-99, 104-105;
- convention of 1848, 131-132;
- Cass and Barnburners, 132-133;
- convention of 1852, 204-206;
- campaign, 207;
- Cincinnati convention, 276-278;
- platform and candidate, 278-279;
- "Bleeding Kansas," 299 ff.;
- election of 1856, 305-306;
- Charleston convention, 413 ff.;
- Davis resolutions, 415-416;
- minority report, 418-420;
- secession, 420;
- adjournment, 421;
- Baltimore convention, 426-428;
- Bolters' convention, 428;
- campaign of 1860, 429-441.
- Democratic Review, and candidacy of Douglas (1852), 200-202.
- Dickinson, Daniel S., 128, 382.
- Divorce, Douglas on, 33-34.
- Dixon, Archibald, and repeal of Missouri Compromise, 235-236;
- Dodge, Augustus C., Nebraska bill of, 228;
- favors two Territories, 239.
- Doolittle, James R., 446.
- Douglas, Adèle Cutts, wife of Stephen A., 316-317;
- leader in Washington society, 336-337;
- in campaign of 1858, 383;
- in campaign of 1860, 438;
- calls upon Mrs. Lincoln, 462; 476, 489.
- Douglas, Martha (née Martha Denny Martin), daughter of
- Robert Martin, 145;
- marries Stephen A. Douglas, 147;
- inherits father's estate, 148;
- death, 208.
- Douglas, Stephen Arnold.
- Early years:
- ancestry and birth, 4-5;
- boyhood, 5-7;
- apprentice, 8-9;
- in Brandon Academy, 9;
- removal to New York, 9;
- in Canandaigua Academy, 9-10;
- studies law, 11;
- goes west, 11-13;
- reaches Jacksonville, Illinois, 14;
- teaches school, 16-17;
- admitted to bar, 17.
- Beginnings in Politics:
- first public speech, 20-21;
- elected State's attorney, 22;
- first indictments, 23-24;
- defends Caucus system, 26-27;
- candidate for Legislature, 27-29;
- in Legislature, 29-34;
- Register of Land Office, 35-36;
- nominated for Congress (1837), 40-41;
- campaign against Stuart, 42-44;
- resumes law practice, 45;
- chairman of State committee, 47-50;
- Secretary of State, 53;
- appointed judge, 56-57;
- visits Mormons, 58;
- on the Bench, 63-64;
- candidate for Senate, 62;
- nominated for Congress, 65;
- elected, 67.
- Congressman:
- defends Jackson, 69-72;
- reports on Election Law, 73-76;
- plea for Internal Improvements, 77-78;
- on Polk, 80;
- meets Jackson, 81-82;
- re-elected (1844), 83;
- advocates annexation of Texas, 85-90;
- and the Mormons, 91-92;
- proposes Oregon bills, 95;
- urges "re-occupation of Oregon," 96-98;
- supports Polk's policy, 99;
- appointed chairman of Committee on Territories, 99;
- offers bill on Oregon, 101;
- opposes compromise and arbitration, 101-103;
- renominated for Congress, 103;
- and the President, 104-106;
- proposes organization of Oregon, 106;
- advocates admission of Florida, 107;
- defends Mexican War, 109-110;
- claims Rio Grande as boundary, 111-114;
- seeks military appointment, 114-115;
- re-elected (1846), 115;
- defends Polk's war policy, 116-117;
- elected Senator (1847), 117-118.
- United States Senator:
- appointed chairman of Committee on Territories, 119;
- on Ten Regiments bill, 120-122;
- on Abolitionism, 124-126;
- second attempt to organize Oregon, 129;
- favors Clayton Compromise, 130;
- proposes extension of Missouri Compromise line, 131;
- offers California statehood bills, 134-137;
- advocates "squatter sovereignty," 138-139;
- presents resolutions of Illinois Legislature, 140;
- marriage, 147;
- denies ownership of slaves, 149-150;
- removes to Chicago, 169;
- advocates central railroad, 169-172;
- speech on California (1850), 177 ff.;
- concerts territorial bills with Toombs and Stephens, 181-182;
- vote on compromise measures, 187-188;
- defends Fugitive Slave Law, 191-194;
- presidential aspirations, 195-196;
- on intervention in Hungary, 199-200;
- candidacy (1852), 200-206;
- in campaign of 1852, 207;
- re-elected Senator, 208 n.;
- death of his wife, 208;
- on Clayton-Bulwer treaty, 211-214;
- hostility to Great Britain, 215-216;
- travels abroad, 217-219;
- proposes military colonization of Nebraska, 221;
- urges organization of Nebraska, 224-225;
- report of January 4, 1854, 229 ff.;
- offers substitute for Dodge bill, 231-232;
- interprets new bill, 233-234;
- and Dixon, 235-236;
- drafts Kansas-Nebraska bill, 237;
- secures support of administration, 237-238;
- reports bill, 239;
- arraigned by Independent Democrats, 241;
- replies to "Appeal," 241-243;
- proposes amendments to Kansas-Nebraska bill, 246, 249;
- closes debate, 251-254;
- answers protests, 256-257;
- faces mob in Chicago, 258-259;
- denounces Know-Nothings, 263;
- in campaign of 1854, 264 ff.;
- debate with Lincoln, 265-266;
- and Shields, 267, 268;
- on the elections, 269-272;
- and Wade, 272-273;
- on "Black Republicanism," 275-276;
- candidacy at Cincinnati, 276-278;
- supports Buchanan, 278;
- reports on Kansas, 289-293;
- proposes admission of Kansas, 293;
- replies to Trumbull, 294;
- and Sumner, 296-298;
- reports Toombs bill, 300-301;
- omits referendum provision, 302;
- subsequent defense, 303-304;
- in campaign of 1856, 304-306;
- second marriage, 316;
- on Dred Scott decision, 321-323;
- interview with Walker, 325;
- and Buchanan, 327-328;
- denounces Lecompton constitution, 329-332;
- report on Kansas, 338-340;
- speech on Lecomptonism, 341-343;
- rejects English bill, 345-347;
- Republican ally, 348;
- re-election opposed, 349-350;
- in Chicago, 352-354;
- opening speech of campaign, 354-357;
- speech at Bloomington, 358-360;
- speech at Springfield, 360-361;
- agrees to joint debate, 362;
- first debate at Ottawa, 363-370;
- Springfield resolutions, 370;
- Freeport debate, 370-375;
- debate at Jonesboro, 375-378;
- debate at Charleston, 378-381;
- friends and foes, 381-382;
- resources, 382-383;
- debate at Galesburg, 383-386;
- debate at Quincy, 386-388;
- debate at Alton, 388-390;
- the election, 391-392;
- journey to South and Cuba, 393-395;
- deposed from chairmanship of Committee on Territories, 395;
- supports Slidell project, 396;
- debate of February 23, 1859, 397 ff.;
- opposes slave-trade, 403-404;
- Harper's Magazine article, 405-409;
- controversy with Black, 409-410;
- in Ohio, 410-411;
- presidential candidate of Northwest, 413, 416;
- and the South, 414;
- and Republicans, 414-415;
- candidate at Charleston, 416 ff.;
- defends his orthodoxy, 422-424;
- nominated at Baltimore, 427;
- letter of acceptance, 428;
- personal canvass, 429-439;
- on election of Lincoln, 439 ff.;
- and Crittenden compromise, 446-448;
- speech of January 3, 1861, 449 ff.;
- efforts for peace, 448, 452, 453;
- offers fugitive slave bill, 454;
- and Mason, 454-455;
- and Wigfall, 455-456;
- fears the Blairs, 461;
- opinion of President-elect, 461;
- and Lincoln, 462-463;
- at inauguration, 464;
- and the inaugural, 466-468;
- on reinforcement of Sumter, 468-469;
- in the confidence of Lincoln, 469-470;
- on policy of administration, 471-473;
- faces war, 474;
- closeted with Lincoln, April 14, 475-477;
- press dispatch, 477;
- first War Democrat, 478;
- mission in Northwest, 478-480;
- speech at Bellaire, 480-482;
- speech at Columbus, 482-483;
- speech at Springfield, 483-485;
- speech at Chicago, 485-487;
- premonitions of war, 487-488;
- last illness and death, 488-489.
- Personal traits:
- Physical appearance, 22-23, 69, 294-295, 364-365;
- limitations upon his culture, 36-37, 119-120, 215-217, 270-272;
- his indebtedness to Southern associations, 147-148, 317-318;
- advocate rather than judge, 70-71, 121-122, 177-181, 270-272, 321;
- liberal in religion, 263, 317;
- retentive memory, 319-320;
- his impulsiveness, 320;
- his generosity of temper, 320;
- his loyalty to friends, 267-268, 318-319;
- his prodigality in pecuniary matters, 309-310;
- his domestic relations, 317;
- the man and the politician, 270-272.
- As a party leader:
- early interest in politics, 8, 10;
- schooling in politics, 18-19;
- his talent as organizer, 25 ff.; 39 ff., 47-50;
- secret of his popularity, 318-319;
- his partisanship, 324.
- As a statesman:
- readiness in debate, 320;
- early manner of speaking, 70 ff.;
- later manner, 251-252, 294-297;
- insight into value of the public domain, 36, 311-312;
- belief in territorial expansion, 100, 107-108;
- his Chauvinism, 87-88, 97-98, 101-103, 199, 211-214;
- his statecraft, 100, 107-108, 174-181, 270-272, 314-315;
- abhorrence of civil war, 449-451, 484-487;
- love of the Union, 324, 436-437, 481, 484, 489.
- Douglass, Benajah, grandfather of Stephen A. Douglas, 4-5.
- Douglass, Sally Fisk, mother of Stephen A. Douglas, 5.
- Douglass, Stephen A., father of Stephen A. Douglas, 5.
- Douglass, William, ancestor of Stephen A. Douglas, 4.
- Dred Scott decision, Douglas on, 321-323, 356, 359-360, 372-373, 377;
- Duncan, Joseph, 50, 60.
- Election Law of 1842, 73;
- Elections, State and local, 22, 29, 50, 61, 158-159, 267;
- congressional, 44, 67, 73-76, 83, 115-116, 207, 267;
- senatorial, 62, 117, 207, 208 n., 268-269, 391-392;
- presidential, 50, 306, 440-441.
- English bill, reported, 343;
- Everett, Edward, 256, 429.
- Fessenden, William P., 473-474.
- Field, Alexander P., 52.
- Fillmore, Millard, 280.
- Fitch, Graham N., 335, 336.
- Fitzpatrick, Benjamin, 428.
- Foote, Henry S., on Abolitionism, 124-125;
- and Douglas, 126;
- offers finality resolution, 197.
- Ford, Thomas, 61, 90, 154.
- Forney, John W., 305, 437;
- on Douglas and Lincoln, 480.
- Fort Pickens, question of evacuating, 468 ff.
- Fort Sumter, occupation advised, 442;
- occupied, 451;
- abortive attempt to reinforce, 452;
- question of evacuating, 468 ff.;
- attack upon, 474;
- capitulation of, 475.
- Francis, Simeon, 46.
- Frémont, John C., 280.
- Freeport doctrine, foreshadowed, 322, 359-360;
- Free-Soil party, convention of, 132;
- holds balance of power in House, 133;
- in Illinois, 158-160.
- Fugitive Slave Law, passed, 187;
- not voted upon by Douglas, 188;
- defended by Douglas, 191-194;
- violations of, 194-195;
- repeal proposed, 195;
- attitude of South, 195;
- Lincoln on, 371;
- evasions of, 445-446;
- supplementary law proposed by Douglas, 454.
- Fusion party, in Illinois, 264 ff.
- Galena alien case, 47, 48, 54.
- Granger, Gehazi, 9.
- Great Britain, animus of Douglas toward, concerning Oregon, 88,
- Great Western Railroad Company, 168.
- Greeley, Horace, and Douglas, 320, 348;
- favors re-election of Douglas, 349.
- Green, James S., 333, 335, 338, 401, 457.
- Greenhow's History of the Northwest Coast of North America, 94, 95.
- Grimes, James W., 446.
- Guthrie, James, 420, 427.
- Hale, John P., 124, 138, 186.
- Hall, Willard P., 223-224.
- Hannegan, Edward A., 103-104.
- Hardin, John J., 21-22, 27, 91, 92.
- Harper's Magazine, essay by Douglas in, 405 ff.
- Harris, Thomas L., 265.
- Helper's Impending Crisis, 412-413.
- Herndon, William H., Lincoln's law partner, 351.
- Hise, Elijah, drafts treaty, 210.
- Hoge, Joseph B., 118.
- Homestead bill of Douglas, 311.
- Honduras and its dependencies, claimed by Great Britain, 209-211.
- Howe, Henry, 9.
- Hunter, R.M.T., 420, 446.
- Illinois and Michigan Canal, lands granted to, 31;
- Douglas and construction of, 32-33;
- probable influence upon settlement, 154.
- Illinois Central Railroad, inception of, 168;
- project taken up by Douglas, 169-170;
- bill for land grant to, 170;
- legislative history of, 171-173;
- larger aspects of, 174 ff.;
- in the campaign of 1858, 382.
- Illinois Republican, attack upon office of, 37-38.
- Illinois State Register, on Douglas, 46, 81-82;
- and Springfield clique, 61-62;
- editorial by Douglas in, 149-150;
- forecast of Nebraska legislation, 228.
- Indian claims, in Nebraska, 220, 222-225, 238-239.
- Internal Improvements, agitation in Illinois, 29-30;
- Iverson, Alfred, 443, 444.
- Jackson, Andrew, 16, 20;
- Jacksonville, Illinois, early home of Douglas, 14 ff.
- Johnson, Hadley D., 226, 238-239.
- Johnson, Herschel V., 428.
- Johnson, Thomas, 225, 226.
- Judiciary bill, in Illinois legislature, 54-56, 59.
- Kansas, first settlers in, 283;
- colonists of Emigrant Aid Company in, 283;
- defect in organic act of, 284;
- first elections in, 284 ff.;
- invasion by Missourians, 286;
- first territorial legislature, 286-287;
- Topeka convention and free State legislature, 288;
- sack of Lawrence, 299;
- raid of John Brown, 299;
- convention elected, 325;
- free State party in control of legislature, 326;
- Lecompton convention, 326-327;
- vote on constitution, 337-338;
- land ordinance rejected, 347.
- Kansas-Nebraska bill, origin of, 236-239;
- in Democratic caucus, 243-245;
- wording criticised, 245;
- amended, 246, 248, 249, 250;
- passes to third reading in Senate, 250;
- course in House, 254-255;
- defeat of Clayton amendment, 255-256;
- passes Senate, 256;
- becomes law, 256;
- arouses North, 256 ff.;
- popular sovereignty in, 281-282.
- King, William F., 172.
- Knowlton, Caleb, 9.
- Know-Nothing party, origin, 262;
- denounced by Douglas, 263;
- in Northwest, 263-264;
- nominates Fillmore, 280.
- Kossuth, Louis, reception of, 199 ff.
- Lamborn, Josiah, 16.
- Lane, James H., in Kansas, 287-288.
- Lane, Joseph, 205, 428.
- Lecompton constitution, origin, 326-327;
- denounced by Douglas, 329 ff.;
- vote upon, 337;
- submitted to Congress, 338;
- bill to admit Kansas with, 343.
- Lee, Robert E., 482.
- Letcher, John, 480.
- Liberty party, 116, 158.
- Lincoln, Abraham, in Illinois legislature, 32 n.;
- leader of "the Long Nine," 34;
- debate with Douglas (1839), 46;
- on Douglas, 46;
- elected to Congress, 116;
- debate with Douglas (1854), 265-266;
- "the Peoria Truce," 266 n.;
- candidate for Senate, 268-269;
- Republican nominee for Senate (1858), 350;
- early career, 351;
- personal traits, 351-352;
- addresses Republican convention, 352-353;
- hears Douglas in Chicago, 354;
- replies to Douglas, 357-358;
- speech at Springfield, 361;
- proposes joint debates, 362;
- personal appearance, 364-365;
- debate at Ottawa, 365-370;
- Freeport debate, 370-375;
- debate at Jonesboro, 375-378;
- debate at Charleston, 378-381;
- resources, 382;
- debate at Galesburg, 383-386;
- debate at Quincy, 386-388;
- debate at Alton, 388-390;
- defeated, 392;
- in Ohio, 410-411;
- presidential candidate, 425;
- elected, 440-441;
- enters Washington, 461;
- and advisers, 461, 462;
- confers with Douglas, 463-464;
- inauguration, 464;
- address, 464-466;
- defended by Douglas, 466 ff.;
- consults Douglas, 469-470;
- not generally known, 471;
- decides to provision Sumter, 474;
- calls for troops, 475;
- confers with Douglas, 476-477, 478;
- last interview with Douglas, 479.
- Logan, Stephen T., 23.
- "Lord Coke's Assembly," 53, 55.
- McClernand, John A., 51, 55, 119, 182.
- McConnell, Murray, 14, 48.
- McRoberts, Samuel, 42.
- Marble, Mary Ann, wife of William Douglass, 4.
- Marble, Thomas, ancestor of Stephen A. Douglas, 4.
- Marshall, Edward C., 203.
- Martin, Colonel Robert, 145;
- Mason, James M., 454, 455, 469.
- Matteson, Joel A., 268-269;
- May, William L., 40.
- Mexico, Slidell's mission to, 109;
- dictatorship in, 111;
- treaty with Texas, 111-112;
- territory lost by, 116, 117;
- treaty of 1848, 123.
- Mexican War, announced by Polk, 105, 109;
- Minnesota bill, to organize territorial government, 142;
- Minnesota Block, Douglas residence in Washington, 337, 488.
- Missouri Compromise, and annexation of Texas, 89-90;
- and organization of Oregon, 130;
- and organization of Mexican cession, 131, 133;
- and organization of Nebraska, 221, 230-231, 232-233, 235;
- repeal agitated by Atchison, 235-236;
- repealed, 237 ff.;
- declared unconstitutional, 321-322.
- Monroe doctrine, debated in Senate, 211-214.
- Moore, John, 60.
- Mormons, settle in Illinois, 57-58;
- politics of, 58-61;
- disorders in Hancock County, 90-91;
- advised to emigrate, 91;
- removal, 92;
- in Utah, 220.
- Morris, Edward J., 96.
- Mosquito protectorate, 209, 210-211.
- Nashville convention (1844), 81.
- National Era, occasions controversy in Senate, 124.
- Native American party, 262.
- Nauvoo, settled by Mormons, 57;
- charter repealed, 90;
- evacuated, 92.
- Nauvoo Legion, 58.
- Nebraska, first bill to organize, 95;
- second bill, 142;
- bill for military colonization of, 221;
- third bill, 223-224;
- Dodge bill, 228;
- report of Douglas on, 239 ff.;
- new bill reported, 231;
- bill printed, 232;
- manuscript of, 233.
- See Kansas-Nebraska bill.
- Negro equality, Douglas on, 275-276, 356-357, 384;
- New England Emigrant Aid Company, 283.
- New Mexico, slavery in, 127 ff.;
- Clayton compromise, 130;
- controversy in Congress, 130-131;
- Polk's policy, 133;
- Douglas's statehood bills, 134-137;
- Taylor's policy, 166;
- Clay's resolutions, 176;
- territorial bill for, 181-183;
- in the Omnibus, 184-186;
- organized, 187.
- New York Times, supports Lincoln (1858), 382;
- New York Tribune, on Douglas, 332, 348, 403.
- Niles' Register, cited as a source, 112.
- Non-intervention, principle of, Cass on, 128;
- "Old Fogyism," 200.
- Oregon, emigration from Illinois to, 93;
- "re-occupation" of, 94;
- international status of, 94-95;
- Douglas on, 96-98;
- Polk's policy toward, 98-99;
- bill to protect settlers in, 101;
- and treaty with Great Britain, 103, 106;
- bills to organize, 106, 108, 129;
- Clayton compromise, 130;
- organized, 131.
- Pacific Railroad, and organization of Nebraska, 222-224, 238-239.
- Parker, Nahum, 8.
- Parker, Theodore, on Douglas, 393.
- Party organizations, beginnings of, in Illinois, 25-27, 38-42, 49-50;
- Payne, Henry B., 418-419.
- Peace Convention, 453;
- Peck, Ebenezer, 26, 56.
- Personal Liberty Acts, 445, 454.
- Pierce, Franklin, presidential candidacy, 204-205;
- approves Kansas-Nebraska bill, 237-238;
- signs Kansas-Nebraska bill, 256;
- opinion on slavery extension, 256 n.;
- candidacy at Cincinnati, 276-277.
- Political parties, and annexation of Texas, 84;
- and Mexican War, 109;
- and slavery in Territories, 127-129;
- and election of 1848, 132-133;
- in Illinois, 157-158;
- and Free-Soilers, 158 ff.;
- and compromise of 1850, 195;
- nationalizing influence of, 260-262;
- decline of Whigs, 262;
- rise of Know-Nothings, 262;
- and Nebraska Act, 264 ff.;
- rise of Republican party, 273-274;
- and "Bleeding Kansas," 294, 299-302, 304-306;
- and Lecomptonism, 332 ff.;
- possible re-alignment of, 348-349;
- and Lincoln-Douglas contest, 349-350, 381-382, 393;
- and Freeport doctrine, 397-402, 413-414;
- and issues of 1860, 415 ff.;
- and election of 1860, 440-441.
- Polk, James K., presidential candidacy, 70;
- indorsed by Douglas, 80;
- inaugural of, 98;
- on Oregon, 99;
- negotiates with Great Britain, 103-104;
- war message of, 105;
- and Douglas, 105-106;
- announces Oregon treaty, 106;
- covets California, 109;
- and appointments, 114, 118-119;
- urges indemnity, 127;
- and slavery in Territories, 131;
- proposes territorial governments, 133;
- proposes statehood bills, 135.
- Popular sovereignty, doctrine anticipated, 89;
- phrase coined, 253;
- in Kansas-Nebraska Act, 281-282;
- tested in Kansas, 283 ff.;
- and Dred Scott decision, 322;
- and Lecompton constitution, 326-327;
- defended by Douglas, 329-332, 338-340, 342-343;
- indorsed by Seward, 348;
- debated by Lincoln and Douglas, 355, 357, 359-360, 372-373, 376-377;
- denounced by South, 397 ff.;
- defended in Harper's Magazine 405-409;
- ridiculed by Black, 409-410;
- operates against slavery, 410-411, 429;
- Douglas urges further concessions to, 457, 459-460.
- Powell, Lazarus W., 446.
- Public lands, granted to Illinois for canal, 31;
- Douglas and administration of, 35-36;
- squatters and land leagues, 163-164;
- granted to Illinois Central, 170 ff.;
- granted to Indians, 220;
- and proposed military colonies, 221;
- and proposed Pacific railroad, 222-224;
- in Kansas, 283-285;
- Douglas and proper distribution of, 311-313.
- Pugh, George E., and Lecompton constitution, 335;
- Ralston, J.H., 58.
- Raymond, Henry J., editor of New York Times, 436.
- Reapportionment Act of 1843, 64, 65.
- Reeder, A.H., governor of Kansas, 284;
- and elections, 285, 286;
- joins free State party, 287;
- chosen senator at Topeka, 288.
- Reid, David S., 145, 146.
- Republican party, rise of, in Illinois, 264 ff.;
- elections of 1854, 269;
- origin of name, 273;
- composition of, 273-274;
- Philadelphia convention, 279-280;
- and "Bleeding Kansas," 304-305;
- opposes Lecomptonism, 334;
- Chicago convention, 421;
- nominates Lincoln, 425;
- elections of 1860, 437, 440-441.
- Resolution of Illinois Legislature, presented in Senate, 139-140;
- Rice, Henry M., 446.
- Richardson, William A., on House Committee on Territories, 182;
- steers Kansas-Nebraska bill through House, 254-255;
- in Cincinnati convention, 277;
- candidate for governor, 305;
- in Charleston convention, 416 ff.;
- in Baltimore convention, 427;
- forecasts election, 429.
- Richmond, Dean, 426.
- River and harbor improvements, Douglas on, 77-78, 313-314.
- See also Internal Improvements.
- Robinson, Charles, leader of free State party in Kansas, 287, 288.
- Roman Church, Adèle Cutts an adherent of, 317;
- attitude of Douglas toward, 317.
- Sangamo Journal, on Caucus system, 28;
- Santa Anna, treaty with Texas, 111, 112.
- Scott, Winfield, 482.
- Secession, apprehended, 442;
- of South Carolina, 447;
- of Cotton States, 452;
- and border States, 474.
- Seward, William H., and Douglas, 251;
- loses Republican nomination, 425;
- on committee of thirteen, 453;
- and the Blairs, 461, 462.
- Shadrach rescue, 194.
- Shannon, Wilson, governor of Kansas, 288.
- Sheahan, James W., biographer of Douglas, 218, 416;
- editor of Chicago Times, 305.
- Sheridan, James B., 438.
- Shields, James, senator from Illinois, 171;
- and Illinois Central Railroad, 175;
- fails of re-election, 267 ff.
- Slavery, in North Carolina, 147-148;
- in Illinois, 155-156, 178, 242-243;
- in Kansas, 287, 298;
- Nebraska bill not designed to extend, 234;
- Douglas on extension of, 179-180, 243;
- peonage, 186;
- Douglas on, 126, 311, 388, 390, 415;
- Lincoln on, 351, 352, 358, 361, 368-369, 379, 381, 385, 386, 390.
- Slave-trade, revival proposed, 403, 421;
- Slidell, John, mission to Mexico, 109;
- seeks Douglas's defeat (1858), 381-382, 391;
- project to purchase Cuba, 396;
- at Charleston, 417.
- Smith, Joseph, on Douglas, 58-59;
- to Mormon voters, 59-60;
- on polygamy, 90;
- murdered, 90.
- Smith, Theophilus W., 48, 54, 55.
- Smithsonian Institution, foundation of, 310;
- Douglas on board of Regents, 310.
- Snyder, Adam W., 59, 60.
- Southern Rights advocates, 194.
- Spoils system, countenanced by Douglas, 198, 207.
- Springfield Resolutions, in Lincoln-Douglas debates, 366-367, 368,
369, 370, 374.
- "Squatter sovereignty," Cass and Dickinson on, 128;
- favored by Douglas, 138-139;
- genesis of, 161 ff.;
- explained by Douglas, 184-185;
- and compromise of 1850, 189-190.
- See Popular sovereignty.
- Squier, E.G., drafts treaty, 210.
- "Star of the West," sent to Sumter, 452.
- Stephens, Alexander H., and annexation of Texas, 89;
- and territorial bills (1850), 181-182.
- Stowe, Harriet B., description of Douglas, 295-296.
- Stuart, Charles E., 335, 347.
- Stuart, John T., lawyer, 23;
- Douglas's opponent (1838), 42-44;
- Whig politician, 50, 58.
- Sumner, Charles, and Fugitive Slave Act, 195;
- on Kansas, 294, 296;
- altercation with Douglas, 296-298;
- assaulted, 298;
- foe to compromise, 463.
- Tariff, views of Douglas on, 314-315.
- Taylor, Zachary, in Mexican War, 109, 114;
- nominated for presidency, 132;
- message, 166.
- Texas, as campaign issue, 84;
- Douglas on annexation of, 85;
- and slavery, 89;
- and Missouri Compromise, 90;
- joint resolution adopted, 90;
- admitted, 100-101;
- and Mexican boundary, 110-114, 122-123;
- and New Mexico boundary, 176, 187.
- "The Third House," 53, 54.
- Toombs, Robert, 189, 190;
- Trumbull, Lyman, senator from Illinois, 268-269;
- Democracy questioned, 274-275;
- on Kansas, 294;
- on Toombs bill, 302;
- opposes Douglas, 349.
- Tyler, John, 79 n.; 84.
- Urquhart, J.D., Douglas's law partner, 45.
- Utah, territorial organization of, 181-187;
- Mormons in, 220;
- polygamy and intervention in, 401.
- Van Buren, Martin, nominated by Free-Soilers, 132.
- Wade, Benjamin F., 269, 272, 338, 446, 458, 463.
- Walker, Cyrus, 45, 58.
- Walker, Isaac P., 140, 174.
- Walker, Robert J., governor of Kansas, 325.
- Washington Sentinel, prints Nebraska bill, 232.
- Washington Territory, organization of, 224.
- Washington Union, on Douglas, 207;
- forecast of Nebraska legislation, 228;
- supports Kansas-Nebraska bill, 240;
- assails Douglas, 341, 381.
- Webster, Daniel, on the Constitution, 140.
- Whig party, convention of 1848, 132;
- campaign of 1852, 207;
- decline, 260-262;
- nominates Fillmore, 280.
- Whitney, Asa, 222.
- Wigfall, Louis T., 455-456, 468.
- Wilmot proviso, 107, 117, 128, 132.
- Wilson, Henry, Republican leader, 348;
- favors re-election of Douglas, 349;
- foe to compromise, 463, 473-474.
- Winthrop, Robert C., 86.
- Wood, Fernando, 418.
- Wyandot Indians, memorial of, 222, 223.
- Wyatt, John, 21-22.
- Yancey, William L., resolution of, 132;
- speech in Charleston convention, 419.
- Yates, Richard, 265.
- "Young America," 198, 200, 214.
- Young, Brigham, 91.
- Young, Richard M., 62, 118, 119.