FOURTH (OR Ī-) CONJUGATION.

107. Active voice.—Audiō, I hear.

PRINCIPAL PARTS.
PRES. IND. PRES. INF. PERF. IND. PERF. PASS. PARTIC.
aud audīre audīvī audītus

INDICATIVE MOOD.

PRESENT TENSE.
I hear.

SINGULAR.

PLURAL.
aud audīmus
audīs audītis
audit audiunt

IMPERFECT.
I was hearing, or I heard.
audiēbam audiēbāmus
audiēbās audiēbātis
audiēbat audiēbant

FUTURE.
I shall hear.
audiam audiēmus
audiēs audiētis
audiet audient

PERFECT.
I have heard, or I heard.
audīvī audīvimus
audīvistī audīvistis
audīvit audīvērunt, or -ēre

PLUPERFECT.
I had heard.
audīveram audīverāmus
audīverās audīverātis
audīverat audīverant

FUTURE PERFECT.
I shall have heard.
audīverō audīverimus
audīveris audīveritis
audīverit audīverint

SUBJUNCTIVE.

PRESENT.
May I hear, let him hear.
audiam audiāmus
audiās audiātis
audiat audiant

IMPERFECT.
I should hear, he would hear.
audīrem audīrēmus
audīrēs audīrētis
audīret audīrent

PERFECT.
I may have heard.
audīverim audīverīmus
audīverīs audīverītis
audīverit audīverint

PLUPERFECT.
I should have heard, he would have heard.
audīvissem audīvissēmus
audīvissēs audīvissētis
audīvisset audīvissent

IMPERATIVE.
Pres. audī, hear thou; audīte, hear ye.
Fut. audītō, thou shalt hear, audītōte, ye shall hear,
audītō, he shall hear; audiuntō, they shall hear.

INFINITIVE.

PARTICIPLE.
Pres. audīre, to hear. Pres. audiēns, hearing.
Perf. audīvisse, to have heard. (Gen. audientis.)
Fut. audītūrus esse, to be about to hear. Fut. audītūrus, about to hear.

GERUND.

SUPINE
Gen. audiendī, of hearing,
Dat. audiendō, for hearing,
Acc. audiendum, hearing, Acc. audītum, to hear,
Abl. audiendō, by hearing. Abl. audītū, to hear, be heard.

108. Passive Voice.—Audior, I am heard.

PRINCIPAL PARTS.
PRES. IND. PRES. INF. PERF. IND.
audior audīrī audītus sum

INDICATIVE MOOD.

PRESENT TENSE.
I am heard.

SINGULAR.

PLURAL.
audior audīmur
audīris audīminī
audītur audiuntur

IMPERFECT.
I was heard.
audiēbar audiēbāmur
audiēbāris, or -re audiēbāminī
audiēbātur audiēbantur

FUTURE.
I shall be heard.
audiar audiēmur
audiēris, or -re audiēminī
audiētur audientur

PERFECT.
I have been heard, or I was heard.
audītus sum audītī sumus
audītus es audītī estis
audītus est audītī sunt

PLUPERFECT.
I had been heard.
audītus eram audītī erāmus
audītus erās audītī erātis
audītus erat audītī erant

FUTURE PERFECT.
I shall have been heard.
audītus erō audītī erimus
audītus eris audītī eritis
audītus erit audītī erunt

SUBJUNCTIVE.

PRESENT.
May I be heard, let him be heard.
audiar audiāmur
audiāris, or -re audiāminī
audiātur audiantur

IMPERFECT.
I should be heard, he would be heard.
audīrer audīrēmur
audīrēris, or -re audirēminī
audīrētur audīrentur

PERFECT.
I may have been heard.
audītus sim audītī sīmus
audītus sīs audītī sītis
audītus sit audītī sint

PLUPERFECT.
I should have been heard, he would have been heard.
audītus essem audītī essēmus
audītus essēs audītī essētis
audītus esset audītī essent

IMPERATIVE.
Pres. audīre, be thou heard; audīminī, be ye heard.
Fut. audītor, thou shalt be heard,
audītor, he shall be heard; audiuntor, they shall be heard.

INFINITIVE.

PARTICIPLE.
Pres. audīrī, to be heard. Perfect. audītus, heard, having been heard
Perf. audītus esse, to have been heard. Gerundive. audiendus, to be heard, deserving to be heard
Fut. audītum īrī, to be about to be heard.


VERBS IN -IŌ OF THE THIRD CONJUGATION.

109. 1. Verbs in -iō of the Third Conjugation take the endings of the Fourth Conjugation wherever the latter endings have two successive vowels. This occurs only in the Present System.

2. Here belong—

a) capiō, to take; cupiō, to desire; faciō, to make; fodiō, to dig; fugiō, to flee; jaciō, to throw; pariō, to bear; quatiō, to shake; rapiō, to seize; sapiō, to taste.

b) Compounds of laciō and speciō (both ante-classical); as, alliciō, entice; cōnspiciō, behold.

c) The deponents gradior, to go; morior, to die, patior, to suffer.

110. Active voice.—Capiō, I take.

PRINCIPAL PARTS.
PRES. IND. PRES. INF. PERF. IND. PERF. PASS. PARTIC.
capiō, capere, cēpī, captus.

INDICATIVE MOOD.

PRESENT TENSE.

SINGULAR.

PLURAL.
capiō, capis, capit; capimus, capitis, capiunt.

IMPERFECT.
capiēbam, -iēbās, -iēbat; capiēbāmus, -iēbātis, -iēbant.

FUTURE.
capiam, -iēs, -iet; capiēmus, -iētis, -ient.

PERFECT.
cēpī, -istī, -it; cēpimus, -istis, -ērunt or -ēre.

PLUPERFECT.
cēperam, -erās, -erat; cēperāmus, -erātis, -erant.

FUTURE PERFECT.
cēperō, -eris, -erit; cēperimus, -eritis, -erint.

SUBJUNCTIVE.

PRESENT.
capiam, -iās, -iat; capiāmus, -iātis, -iant.

IMPERFECT.
caperem, -erēs, -eret; caperēmus, -erētis, -erent.

PERFECT.
cēperim, -eris, -erit; cēperīmus, -erītis, -erint.

PLUPERFECT.
cēpissem, -issēs, -isset; cēpissēmus, -issētis, -issent.

IMPERATIVE.
Pres. cape; capite.
Fut. capitō, capitōte,
capitō; capiuntō.

INFINITIVE.

PARTICIPLE.
Pres. capere Pres. capiēns.
Perf. cēpisse.
Fut. captūrus esse. Fut. captūrus.

GERUND.

SUPINE.
Gen. capiendī,
Dat. capiendō,
Acc. capiendum, Acc. captum,
Abl. capiendō. Abl. captū.

111. Passive Voice.—Capior, I am taken.

PRINCIPAL PARTS.
PRES. IND. PRES. INF. PERF. IND.
capior, capī, captus sum.

INDICATIVE MOOD.

PRESENT TENSE.

SINGULAR.

PLURAL.
capior, caperis, capitur; capimur, capiminī, capiuntur.

IMPERFECT.
capiēbar, -iēbāris, -iēbātur; capiēbāmur, -iēbāminī, -iēbantur.

FUTURE.
capiar, -iēris, -iētur; capiēmur, -iēminī, -ientur.

PERFECT.
captus sum, es, est; captī sumus, estis, sunt.

PLUPERFECT.
captus eram, erās, erat; captī erāmus, erātis, erant.

FUTURE PERFECT.
captus erō, eris, erit; captī erimus, eritis, erunt.

SUBJUNCTIVE.

PRESENT.
capiar, -iāris, -iātur; capiāmur, -iāminī, -iantur.

IMPERFECT.
caperer, -erēris, -erētur; caperēmur, -erēminī, -erentur.

PERFECT.
captus sim, sīs, sit; captī sīmus, sītis, sint.

PLUPERFECT.
captus essem, essēs, esset; captī essēmus, essētis, essent.

IMPERATIVE.
Pres. capere; capiminī.
Fut. capitor,
capitor; capiuntor.

INFINITIVE.

PARTICIPLE.
Pres. capī.
Perf. captus esse. Perfect. captus.
Fut. captum īrī. Gerundive. capiendus.


DEPONENT VERBS.

112. Deponent Verbs have in the main Passive forms with Active or Neuter meaning. But—

a. They have the following Active forms: Future Infinitive, Present and Future Participles, Gerund, and Supine.

b. They have the following Passive meanings: always in the Gerundive, and sometimes in the Perfect Passive Participle; as—

sequendus, to be followed; adeptus, attained.

113. Paradigms of Deponent Verbs are—

I. Conj. mīror, mīrārī, mīrātus sum, admire.
II. Conj. vereor, vererī, veritus sum, fear.
III. Conj. sequor, sequī, secūtus sum, follow.
IV. Conj. largior, largīrī, largītus sum, give.
III. (in -ior) patior, patī, passus sum, suffer.

INDICATIVE MOOD.
I. II. III. IV. III (in -ior)
Pres. mīror vereor sequor largior patior
mīrāris verēris sequeris largiris pateris
mīrātur verētur sequitur largītur patitur
mīramur verēmur sequimur largīmur patimur
mīrāminī verēminī sequiminī largīminī patiminī
mīrantur verentur sequuntur largiuntur patiuntur
Impf. mīrābar verēbar sequēbar largiēbar patiēbar
Fut. mīrābor verēbor sequar largiar patiar
Perf. mirātus sum veritus sum secūtus sum largītus sum passus sum
Plup. mīrātus eram veritus eram secūtus eram largītus eram passus eram
F.P. mīrātus erō veritus erō secūtus erō largītus erō passus erō

SUBJUNCTIVE.
Pres. mīrer verear sequar largiar patiar
Impf. mīrārer verērer sequerer largīrer paterer
Perf. mīrātus sim veritus sim secūtus sim largītus sim passus sim
Plup. mīrātus essem veritus essem sectūtus essem largītus essem passus essem

IMPERATIVE.
Pres. mīrāre, etc. verēre, etc. sequere, etc. largīre, etc. patere, etc.
Fut. mīrātor, etc. verētor, etc. sequitor, etc. largītor, etc. patitor, etc.

INFINITIVE.
Pres. mīrāri verērī sequī largīrī patī
Perf. mīrātus esse veritus esse secūtus esse largītus esse passus esse
Fut. mīrātūrus esse veritūrus esse secūtūrus esse largītūrus esse passūrus esse

PARTICIPLES.
Pres. mīrāns verēns sequēns largiēns patiēns
Fut. mīrātūrus veritūrus secūtūrus largitūrus passūrus
Perf. mīrātus veritus secūtus largitus passus
Ger. mīrandus verendus sequendus largiendus patiendus

GERUND.
mīrandī verendī sequendī largiendī patiendī
mirandō, etc. verendō, etc. sequendō, etc. largiendō, etc. patiendō, etc.

SUPINE.
mīrātum, -tū veritum, -tū secūtum, -tū largītum, -tū passum, -sū


SEMI-DEPONENTS.

114. 1. Semi-Deponents are verbs which have the Present System in the Active Voice, but the Perfect System in the Passive without change of meaning. Here belong—

audeō, audēre, ausus sum, to dare.
gaudeō, gaudēre, gāvīsus sum, to rejoice.
soleō, solēre, solitus sum, to be wont.
fīdō, fīdere, fīsus sum, to trust.

2. The following verbs have a Perfect Passive Participle with Active meaning:—

adolēscō, grow up; adultus, having grown up,
cēnāre, dine; cēnātus, having dined.
placēre, please; placitus, having pleased, agreeable.
prandēre, lunch; prānsus, having lunched.
pōtāre, drink; pōtus, having drunk.
jūrāre, swear; jūrātus, having sworn.

a. Jūrātus is used in a passive sense also.

3. Revertor and dēvertor both regularly form their Perfect in the Active Voice; viz.—

revertor, revertī (Inf.), revertī (Perf.), to return.
dēvertor, dēvertī (Inf.), dēvertī (Perf.), to turn aside.


PERIPHRASTIC CONJUGATION.

115. There are two Periphrastic Conjugations,—the Active and the Passive. The Active is formed by combining the Future Active Participle with the auxiliary sum, the Passive by combining the Gerundive with the same auxiliary.

Active Periphrastic Conjugation.

INDICATIVE MOOD.
Pres. amātūrus (-a, -um) sum, I am about to love.
Inf. amātūrus eram, I was about to love.
Fut. amātūrus erō, I shall be about to love.
Perf. amātūrus fuī, I have been (was) about to love.
Plup. amātūrus fueram, I had been about to love.
Fut. P. amātūrus fuerō, I shall have been about to love.

SUBJUNCTIVE.
Pres. amātūrus sim, may I be about to love.
Imp. amātūrus essem, I should be about to love.
Perf. amātūrus fuerim, I may have been about to love.
Plup. amātūrus fuissem, I should have been about to love.

INFINITIVE.
Pres. amātūrus esse, to be about to love.
Perf. amātūrus fuisse, to have been about to love.

Passive Periphrastic Conjugation.

INDICATIVE.
Pres. amandus (-a, -um) sum, I am to be loved, must be loved.
Imp. amandus eram, I was to be loved.
Fut. amandus erō, I shall deserve to be loved.
Perf. amandus fuī, I was to be loved.
Plup. amandus fueram, I had deserved to be loved.
Fut. P. amandus fuerō, I shall have deserved to be loved.

SUBJUNCTIVE.
Pres. amandus sim, may I deserve to be loved.
Imp. amandus essem, I should deserve to be loved.
Perf. amandus fuerim, I may have deserved to be loved.
Plup. amendus fuissem, I should have deserved to be loved.

INFINITIVE.
Pres. amandus esse, to deserve to be loved.
Perf. amantus fuisse, to have deserved to be loved.