FOURTH (OR Ī-) CONJUGATION.
107. Active voice.—Audiō, I hear.
| PRINCIPAL PARTS. | |||
| PRES. IND. | PRES. INF. | PERF. IND. | PERF. PASS. PARTIC. |
| audiō | audīre | audīvī | audītus |
|
INDICATIVE MOOD. |
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PRESENT TENSE. I hear. |
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SINGULAR. |
PLURAL. |
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| audiō | audīmus | ||
| audīs | audītis | ||
| audit | audiunt | ||
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IMPERFECT. I was hearing, or I heard. |
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| audiēbam | audiēbāmus | ||
| audiēbās | audiēbātis | ||
| audiēbat | audiēbant | ||
|
FUTURE. I shall hear. |
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| audiam | audiēmus | ||
| audiēs | audiētis | ||
| audiet | audient | ||
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PERFECT. I have heard, or I heard. |
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| audīvī | audīvimus | ||
| audīvistī | audīvistis | ||
| audīvit | audīvērunt, or -ēre | ||
|
PLUPERFECT. I had heard. |
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| audīveram | audīverāmus | ||
| audīverās | audīverātis | ||
| audīverat | audīverant | ||
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FUTURE PERFECT. I shall have heard. |
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| audīverō | audīverimus | ||
| audīveris | audīveritis | ||
| audīverit | audīverint | ||
|
SUBJUNCTIVE. |
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PRESENT. May I hear, let him hear. |
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| audiam | audiāmus | ||
| audiās | audiātis | ||
| audiat | audiant | ||
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IMPERFECT. I should hear, he would hear. |
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| audīrem | audīrēmus | ||
| audīrēs | audīrētis | ||
| audīret | audīrent | ||
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PERFECT. I may have heard. |
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| audīverim | audīverīmus | ||
| audīverīs | audīverītis | ||
| audīverit | audīverint | ||
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PLUPERFECT. I should have heard, he would have heard. |
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| audīvissem | audīvissēmus | ||
| audīvissēs | audīvissētis | ||
| audīvisset | audīvissent | ||
|
IMPERATIVE. |
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| Pres. | audī, hear thou; | audīte, hear ye. | |
| Fut. | audītō, thou shalt hear, | audītōte, ye shall hear, | |
| audītō, he shall hear; | audiuntō, they shall hear. | ||
|
INFINITIVE. |
PARTICIPLE. |
||
| Pres. | audīre, to hear. | Pres. | audiēns, hearing. |
| Perf. | audīvisse, to have heard. | (Gen. audientis.) | |
| Fut. | audītūrus esse, to be about to hear. | Fut. | audītūrus, about to hear. |
|
GERUND. |
SUPINE |
||
| Gen. | audiendī, of hearing, | ||
| Dat. | audiendō, for hearing, | ||
| Acc. | audiendum, hearing, | Acc. | audītum, to hear, |
| Abl. | audiendō, by hearing. | Abl. | audītū, to hear, be heard. |
108. Passive Voice.—Audior, I am heard.
| PRINCIPAL PARTS. | ||
| PRES. IND. | PRES. INF. | PERF. IND. |
| audior | audīrī | audītus sum |
|
INDICATIVE MOOD. |
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|
PRESENT TENSE. I am heard. |
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|
SINGULAR. |
PLURAL. |
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| audior | audīmur | ||
| audīris | audīminī | ||
| audītur | audiuntur | ||
|
IMPERFECT. I was heard. |
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| audiēbar | audiēbāmur | ||
| audiēbāris, or -re | audiēbāminī | ||
| audiēbātur | audiēbantur | ||
|
FUTURE. I shall be heard. |
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| audiar | audiēmur | ||
| audiēris, or -re | audiēminī | ||
| audiētur | audientur | ||
|
PERFECT. I have been heard, or I was heard. |
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| audītus sum | audītī sumus | ||
| audītus es | audītī estis | ||
| audītus est | audītī sunt | ||
|
PLUPERFECT. I had been heard. |
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| audītus eram | audītī erāmus | ||
| audītus erās | audītī erātis | ||
| audītus erat | audītī erant | ||
|
FUTURE PERFECT. I shall have been heard. |
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| audītus erō | audītī erimus | ||
| audītus eris | audītī eritis | ||
| audītus erit | audītī erunt | ||
|
SUBJUNCTIVE. |
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PRESENT. May I be heard, let him be heard. |
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| audiar | audiāmur | ||
| audiāris, or -re | audiāminī | ||
| audiātur | audiantur | ||
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IMPERFECT. I should be heard, he would be heard. |
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| audīrer | audīrēmur | ||
| audīrēris, or -re | audirēminī | ||
| audīrētur | audīrentur | ||
|
PERFECT. I may have been heard. |
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| audītus sim | audītī sīmus | ||
| audītus sīs | audītī sītis | ||
| audītus sit | audītī sint | ||
|
PLUPERFECT. I should have been heard, he would have been heard. |
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| audītus essem | audītī essēmus | ||
| audītus essēs | audītī essētis | ||
| audītus esset | audītī essent | ||
|
IMPERATIVE. |
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| Pres. | audīre, be thou heard; | audīminī, be ye heard. | |
| Fut. | audītor, thou shalt be heard, | ||
| audītor, he shall be heard; | audiuntor, they shall be heard. | ||
|
INFINITIVE. |
PARTICIPLE. |
||
| Pres. | audīrī, to be heard. | Perfect. | audītus, heard, having been heard |
| Perf. | audītus esse, to have been heard. | Gerundive. | audiendus, to be heard, deserving to be heard |
| Fut. | audītum īrī, to be about to be heard. | ||
VERBS IN -IŌ OF THE THIRD CONJUGATION.
109. 1. Verbs in -iō of the Third Conjugation take the endings of the Fourth Conjugation wherever the latter endings have two successive vowels. This occurs only in the Present System.
2. Here belong—
a) capiō, to take; cupiō, to desire; faciō, to make; fodiō, to dig; fugiō, to flee; jaciō, to throw; pariō, to bear; quatiō, to shake; rapiō, to seize; sapiō, to taste.
b) Compounds of laciō and speciō (both ante-classical); as, alliciō, entice; cōnspiciō, behold.
c) The deponents gradior, to go; morior, to die, patior, to suffer.
110. Active voice.—Capiō, I take.
| PRINCIPAL PARTS. | |||
| PRES. IND. | PRES. INF. | PERF. IND. | PERF. PASS. PARTIC. |
| capiō, | capere, | cēpī, | captus. |
|
INDICATIVE MOOD. |
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|
PRESENT TENSE. |
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|
SINGULAR. |
PLURAL. |
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| capiō, capis, capit; | capimus, capitis, capiunt. | ||
|
IMPERFECT. |
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| capiēbam, -iēbās, -iēbat; | capiēbāmus, -iēbātis, -iēbant. | ||
|
FUTURE. |
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| capiam, -iēs, -iet; | capiēmus, -iētis, -ient. | ||
|
PERFECT. |
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| cēpī, -istī, -it; | cēpimus, -istis, -ērunt or -ēre. | ||
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PLUPERFECT. |
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| cēperam, -erās, -erat; | cēperāmus, -erātis, -erant. | ||
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FUTURE PERFECT. |
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| cēperō, -eris, -erit; | cēperimus, -eritis, -erint. | ||
|
SUBJUNCTIVE. |
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PRESENT. |
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| capiam, -iās, -iat; | capiāmus, -iātis, -iant. | ||
|
IMPERFECT. |
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| caperem, -erēs, -eret; | caperēmus, -erētis, -erent. | ||
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PERFECT. |
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| cēperim, -eris, -erit; | cēperīmus, -erītis, -erint. | ||
|
PLUPERFECT. |
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| cēpissem, -issēs, -isset; | cēpissēmus, -issētis, -issent. | ||
|
IMPERATIVE. |
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| Pres. | cape; | capite. | |
| Fut. | capitō, | capitōte, | |
| capitō; | capiuntō. | ||
|
INFINITIVE. |
PARTICIPLE. |
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| Pres. | capere | Pres. | capiēns. |
| Perf. | cēpisse. | ||
| Fut. | captūrus esse. | Fut. | captūrus. |
|
GERUND. |
SUPINE. |
||
| Gen. | capiendī, | ||
| Dat. | capiendō, | ||
| Acc. | capiendum, | Acc. | captum, |
| Abl. | capiendō. | Abl. | captū. |
111. Passive Voice.—Capior, I am taken.
| PRINCIPAL PARTS. | ||
| PRES. IND. | PRES. INF. | PERF. IND. |
| capior, | capī, | captus sum. |
|
INDICATIVE MOOD. |
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|
PRESENT TENSE. |
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|
SINGULAR. |
PLURAL. |
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| capior, caperis, capitur; | capimur, capiminī, capiuntur. | ||
|
IMPERFECT. |
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| capiēbar, -iēbāris, -iēbātur; | capiēbāmur, -iēbāminī, -iēbantur. | ||
|
FUTURE. |
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| capiar, -iēris, -iētur; | capiēmur, -iēminī, -ientur. | ||
|
PERFECT. |
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| captus sum, es, est; | captī sumus, estis, sunt. | ||
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PLUPERFECT. |
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| captus eram, erās, erat; | captī erāmus, erātis, erant. | ||
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FUTURE PERFECT. |
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| captus erō, eris, erit; | captī erimus, eritis, erunt. | ||
|
SUBJUNCTIVE. |
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PRESENT. |
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| capiar, -iāris, -iātur; | capiāmur, -iāminī, -iantur. | ||
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IMPERFECT. |
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| caperer, -erēris, -erētur; | caperēmur, -erēminī, -erentur. | ||
|
PERFECT. |
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| captus sim, sīs, sit; | captī sīmus, sītis, sint. | ||
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PLUPERFECT. |
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| captus essem, essēs, esset; | captī essēmus, essētis, essent. | ||
|
IMPERATIVE. |
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| Pres. | capere; | capiminī. | |
| Fut. | capitor, | ||
| capitor; | capiuntor. | ||
|
INFINITIVE. |
PARTICIPLE. |
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| Pres. | capī. | ||
| Perf. | captus esse. | Perfect. | captus. |
| Fut. | captum īrī. | Gerundive. | capiendus. |
DEPONENT VERBS.
112. Deponent Verbs have in the main Passive forms with Active or Neuter meaning. But—
a. They have the following Active forms: Future Infinitive, Present and Future Participles, Gerund, and Supine.
b. They have the following Passive meanings: always in the Gerundive, and sometimes in the Perfect Passive Participle; as—
sequendus, to be followed; adeptus, attained.
113. Paradigms of Deponent Verbs are—
| I. Conj. | mīror, mīrārī, mīrātus sum, admire. |
| II. Conj. | vereor, vererī, veritus sum, fear. |
| III. Conj. | sequor, sequī, secūtus sum, follow. |
| IV. Conj. | largior, largīrī, largītus sum, give. |
| III. (in -ior) | patior, patī, passus sum, suffer. |
|
INDICATIVE MOOD. |
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| I. | II. | III. | IV. | III (in -ior) | |
| Pres. | mīror | vereor | sequor | largior | patior |
| mīrāris | verēris | sequeris | largiris | pateris | |
| mīrātur | verētur | sequitur | largītur | patitur | |
| mīramur | verēmur | sequimur | largīmur | patimur | |
| mīrāminī | verēminī | sequiminī | largīminī | patiminī | |
| mīrantur | verentur | sequuntur | largiuntur | patiuntur | |
| Impf. | mīrābar | verēbar | sequēbar | largiēbar | patiēbar |
| Fut. | mīrābor | verēbor | sequar | largiar | patiar |
| Perf. | mirātus sum | veritus sum | secūtus sum | largītus sum | passus sum |
| Plup. | mīrātus eram | veritus eram | secūtus eram | largītus eram | passus eram |
| F.P. | mīrātus erō | veritus erō | secūtus erō | largītus erō | passus erō |
|
SUBJUNCTIVE. |
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| Pres. | mīrer | verear | sequar | largiar | patiar |
| Impf. | mīrārer | verērer | sequerer | largīrer | paterer |
| Perf. | mīrātus sim | veritus sim | secūtus sim | largītus sim | passus sim |
| Plup. | mīrātus essem | veritus essem | sectūtus essem | largītus essem | passus essem |
|
IMPERATIVE. |
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| Pres. | mīrāre, etc. | verēre, etc. | sequere, etc. | largīre, etc. | patere, etc. |
| Fut. | mīrātor, etc. | verētor, etc. | sequitor, etc. | largītor, etc. | patitor, etc. |
|
INFINITIVE. |
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| Pres. | mīrāri | verērī | sequī | largīrī | patī |
| Perf. | mīrātus esse | veritus esse | secūtus esse | largītus esse | passus esse |
| Fut. | mīrātūrus esse | veritūrus esse | secūtūrus esse | largītūrus esse | passūrus esse |
|
PARTICIPLES. |
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| Pres. | mīrāns | verēns | sequēns | largiēns | patiēns |
| Fut. | mīrātūrus | veritūrus | secūtūrus | largitūrus | passūrus |
| Perf. | mīrātus | veritus | secūtus | largitus | passus |
| Ger. | mīrandus | verendus | sequendus | largiendus | patiendus |
|
GERUND. |
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| mīrandī | verendī | sequendī | largiendī | patiendī | |
| mirandō, etc. | verendō, etc. | sequendō, etc. | largiendō, etc. | patiendō, etc. | |
|
SUPINE. |
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| mīrātum, -tū | veritum, -tū | secūtum, -tū | largītum, -tū | passum, -sū | |
SEMI-DEPONENTS.
114. 1. Semi-Deponents are verbs which have the Present System in the Active Voice, but the Perfect System in the Passive without change of meaning. Here belong—
| audeō, | audēre, | ausus sum, to dare. |
| gaudeō, | gaudēre, | gāvīsus sum, to rejoice. |
| soleō, | solēre, | solitus sum, to be wont. |
| fīdō, | fīdere, | fīsus sum, to trust. |
2. The following verbs have a Perfect Passive Participle with Active meaning:—
| adolēscō, grow up; | adultus, having grown up, |
| cēnāre, dine; | cēnātus, having dined. |
| placēre, please; | placitus, having pleased, agreeable. |
| prandēre, lunch; | prānsus, having lunched. |
| pōtāre, drink; | pōtus, having drunk. |
| jūrāre, swear; | jūrātus, having sworn. |
a. Jūrātus is used in a passive sense also.
3. Revertor and dēvertor both regularly form their Perfect in the Active Voice; viz.—
| revertor, | revertī (Inf.), | revertī (Perf.), to return. |
| dēvertor, | dēvertī (Inf.), | dēvertī (Perf.), to turn aside. |
PERIPHRASTIC CONJUGATION.
115. There are two Periphrastic Conjugations,—the Active and the Passive. The Active is formed by combining the Future Active Participle with the auxiliary sum, the Passive by combining the Gerundive with the same auxiliary.
|
Active Periphrastic Conjugation. INDICATIVE MOOD. |
|
| Pres. | amātūrus (-a, -um) sum, I am about to love. |
| Inf. | amātūrus eram, I was about to love. |
| Fut. | amātūrus erō, I shall be about to love. |
| Perf. | amātūrus fuī, I have been (was) about to love. |
| Plup. | amātūrus fueram, I had been about to love. |
| Fut. P. | amātūrus fuerō, I shall have been about to love. |
|
SUBJUNCTIVE. |
|
| Pres. | amātūrus sim, may I be about to love. |
| Imp. | amātūrus essem, I should be about to love. |
| Perf. | amātūrus fuerim, I may have been about to love. |
| Plup. | amātūrus fuissem, I should have been about to love. |
|
INFINITIVE. |
|
| Pres. | amātūrus esse, to be about to love. |
| Perf. | amātūrus fuisse, to have been about to love. |
|
Passive Periphrastic Conjugation. INDICATIVE. |
|
| Pres. | amandus (-a, -um) sum, I am to be loved, must be loved. |
| Imp. | amandus eram, I was to be loved. |
| Fut. | amandus erō, I shall deserve to be loved. |
| Perf. | amandus fuī, I was to be loved. |
| Plup. | amandus fueram, I had deserved to be loved. |
| Fut. P. | amandus fuerō, I shall have deserved to be loved. |
|
SUBJUNCTIVE. |
|
| Pres. | amandus sim, may I deserve to be loved. |
| Imp. | amandus essem, I should deserve to be loved. |
| Perf. | amandus fuerim, I may have deserved to be loved. |
| Plup. | amendus fuissem, I should have deserved to be loved. |
|
INFINITIVE. |
|
| Pres. | amandus esse, to deserve to be loved. |
| Perf. | amantus fuisse, to have deserved to be loved. |