"We believe by far the greater part of the poetry interspersed through these novels to be original compositions by the author. At the same time the reader will find passages which are quoted from other authors, and may probably debit more of these than our more limited reading has enabled us to ascertain. Indeed, it is our opinion that some of the following poetry is neither entirely original nor altogether borrowed, but consists in some instances of passages from other authors, which the author has not hesitated to alter considerably, either to supply defects of his own memory, or to adapt the quotation more explicitly and aptly to the matter in hand." (Constable's Correspondence, Vol. III, pp. 222-3.)

[400] "I have taught nearly a hundred gentlemen to fence very nearly, if not altogether, as well as myself," he said. (Journal, Vol. I, p. 167. See also pp. 273-5.)

[401] Journal, Vol. I, pp. 275-6; Lockhart, Vol. V, p. 45.

[402] Lockhart, Vol. IV, pp. 322 and 492; Vol. V, p. 186.

[403] Ibid., Vol. IV, p. 110.

[404] Journal, Vol. II, p. 106, and Lockhart, Vol. V, p. 162.

[405] Lockhart, Vol. I, pp. 33-4.

[406] Ibid., Vol. III, p. 259.

[407] Waverley, Vol. I, pp. 112-3. See also Mackenzie's Life of Scott, p. 364.

[408] Lockhart, Vol. I, p. 29.

[409] Journal, Vol. I, pp. 274-5; Lockhart, Vol. V, p. 44. See also his review of Godwin's Life of Chaucer.

[410] Lockhart, Vol. IV, p. 103.

[411] Ibid., Vol. IV, p. 260.

[412] Journal, Vol. II, p. 96.

[413] Review of Tytler's History of Scotland, Quarterly, November, 1829.

[414] Southey's Letters, Vol. IV, p. 62.

[415] Herford's Age of Wordsworth, pp. 39-40.

[416] Lockhart, Vol. II, p. 60.

[417] Paul's Letters, Letter XVI.

[418] Lockhart, Vol. II, p. 320.

[419] On Goethe's favorable opinion of the Napoleon, see a letter given in the appendix to Scott's Journal (Vol. II, pp. 485-6 and note).

[420] Carlyle's Essay on Scott. See also Taine's History of English Literature, Introduction, I.

[421] Review of Metrical Romances, Edinburgh Review, January, 1806.

[422] Lockhart, Vol. II, p. 333.

[423] The Pirate, Vol. II, p. 138.

[424] Introductory Epistle to Ivanhoe. Freeman, in his Norman Conquest, vigorously attacks Ivanhoe for its unwarranted picture of the relations between Saxons and Normans in the thirteenth century. (Vol. V, pp. 551-561.)

[425] Mr. Lang points out that he made many written notes of his reading, as we should hardly expect a man of his unrivalled memory to do. (Life of Scott, p. 27.)

[426] Constable's Correspondence, Vol. III, p. 161.

[427] Constable's Correspondence, Vol. III, pp. 93-4.

[428] Letters of Lady Louisa Stuart, p. 247.

[429] Mr. Lang's theory that Scott was responsible for a decline in serious reading cannot be either proved or refuted completely, but more than one man has given personal testimony concerning the stimulating effect of the Waverley novels. Thierry's Norman Conquest was directly inspired by Ivanhoe, and with Ivanhoe is condemned by Freeman for its mistaken views. Mr. Andrew D. White says in his Autobiography that Quentin Durward and Anne of Geierstein led him to see the first that he had ever clearly discerned of the great principles that "lie hidden beneath the surface of events"—"the secret of the centralization of power in Europe, and of the triumph of monarchy over feudalism." (Vol. I, pp. 15-16.)

[430] Scott had theories as to what children's books ought to be. They should stir the imagination, he said, instead of simply imparting knowledge as certain scientific books attempted to do. (Lockhart, Vol. II, p. 27.) But he seriously objected to any attempt to write down to the understanding of children. Of the Tales of a Grandfather he said: "I will make, if possible, a book that a child shall understand, yet a man will feel some temptation to peruse, should he chance to take it up." (Lockhart, Vol. V, p. 112. See also ib., Vol. I, p. 19.) Anatole France has expressed ideas about children's books which are practically the same as those of Scott. (See Le Livre de Mon Ami, 3^me partie: "A Madame D * * *.")

[431] Introduction to The Fortunes of Nigel.

[432] See the Introduction to Waverley.

[433] Introductory Epistle to Ivanhoe.

[434] Ibid. In Old Mortality, Claverhouse was made to use the phrase "sentimental speeches," but when Lady Louisa Stuart pointed out to Scott that the word "sentimental" was modern, he struck it out of the second edition.

[435] Introductory Epistle to Ivanhoe. For other references to the use of a moderately antique diction see the essays on Walpole and Clara Reeve in Lives of the Novelists, and the review of Southey's Amadis de Gaul, Edinburgh Review, October, 1803.

[436] Journal, Vol. II, p. 226.

[437] Ibid., Vol. II, p. 319.

[438] Ibid., Vol. II, p. 216.

[439] Ibid., Vol. I, p. 323.

[440] Lockhart, Vol. I, p. 40.

[441] Introduction to Chronicles of the Canongate. See also Letters to Heber, pp. 128-32, and 154; and Ruskin's analysis of Scott's descriptions: Modern Painters, Part IV, ch. 16, § 23 ff.

[442] See particularly his reviews of Childe Harold, Canto III, Quarterly, October, 1816; and of Southey's translation of the Amadis de Gaul, Edinburgh Review, October, 1803.

[443] Lockhart, Vol. II, pp. 232-3.

[444] Quoted in Wordsworth (English Men of Letters) by F.W.H. Myers, p. 143.

[445] Recollections of Scott, by R.P. Gillies. Fraser's, xii: 254.

[446] Lockhart, Vol. III, p. 62.

[447] Journal, Vol. I, p. 155, and Vol. II, p. 37; Lockhart, Vol. IV, p. 476, and Vol. V, p. 380.

[448] In the discussion of Lives of the Novelists.

[449] See his Essay on Scott.

[450] Dryden, Vol. XIV, p. 136.

[451] Lockhart, Vol. V, p. 415, and Introductory Epistle to Nigel.

[452] Letters to Heber, p. 44.

[453] Op. cit., p. 120.

[454] My Aunt Margaret's Mirror.

[455] Journal, Vol. II, p. 8.

[456] Review of Hoffmann's Novels, Foreign Quarterly Review, July, 1827.

[457] Letters to R. Polwhele, etc., p. 102.

[458] Lodge's Illustrious Personages, Preface.

[459] Article on Molière, Foreign Quarterly Review, February, 1828.

[460] Three Studies in Literature, p. 12.

[461] Edinburgh Review, No. 1, October, 1802: review of Thalaba.

[462] Three Studies in Literature, p. 38.

[463] Dryden, Vol. XI, p. 26.

[464] Herford, op. cit., pp. 51-2.

[465] Essay on the Drama.

[466] Wylie, Studies in Criticism, pp. 107-8.

[467] Table Talk, August 4, 1833. Works, Vol. VI, p. 472.

[468] Familiar Letters, Vol. II, p. 402.

[469] Article on Scott's Demonology and Witchcraft, Fraser's, December, 1830.

[470] Mackenzie's Life of Scott, p. 118.

[471] The Plain Speaker, Hazlitt's Works, Vol. VII, p. 345.

[472] Dryden, Vol. I, p. 342. See above, pp. 136-7.

[473] Familiar Letters, Vol. I, p. 84.

[474] Life of Bage, in Novelists' Library.

[475] Essay on Judicial Reform, Edinburgh Annual Register, Vol. I, pt. 2, p. 352. Everyone knows that Scott was a decided Tory, and it is commonly supposed that he was an extremely prejudiced partisan. But he closes a political passage in Woodstock with these words: "We hasten to quit political reflections, the rather that ours, we believe, will please neither Whig nor Tory." (End of Chapter 11.) From the definitions of Whig and Tory given in the Tales of a Grandfather, no one could guess his politics. (Chapter 53.)

[476] Leigh Hunt's Autobiography, Vol. I, p. 263. See also pp. 258-260, and the notes on his Feast of the Poets.

[477] Courthope's Liberal Movement, p. 122.

[478] Life of Murray, Vol. II, p. 159.

[479] Ibid., Vol. II, p. 232

[480] Macmillan's Magazine, lxx: 326.

[481] Newman's Apologia, pp. 96-97. Mark Twain thinks the influence of the novels was pernicious. He says: "A curious exemplification of the power of a single book for good or harm is shown in the effects wrought by Don Quixote and those wrought by Ivanhoe. The first swept the world's admiration for the mediaeval chivalry-silliness out of existence; and the other restored it.... Sir Walter had so large a hand in making Southern character, as it existed before the war, that he is in great measure responsible for the war." (Life on the Mississippi, ch. xlvi.)

[482] Familiar Letters, Vol. I, pp. 216-17. See also his remarks upon booksellers in his review of Pitcairn's Ancient Criminal Trials, Quarterly, February, 1831.

[483] Fraser's, xiii: 693.

[484] Essay on Dunbar in Ephemera Critica.

[485] English Historical Review, vi: 97.

[486] Life, Letters and Journals of George Ticknor, Vol. I, p. 283.

[487] Carlyle's Essay on Scott.

[488] Lockhart, Vol. II, p. 9.

[489] Journal, Vol. II, p. 259; Lockhart, Vol. V, p. 248.

[490] Dryden, Vol. I, conclusion.

[491] British Novelists and their Styles, p. 204.

[492] Journal, Vol. II, p. 173; Lockhart, Vol. V, p. 99.

[493] History of Criticism, Vol. I, p. 156.

[494] Recollections of Scott by R.P. Gillies, Fraser's, xii: 688.