SOUTHERN ATHAPASCAN COMPARATIVE
VOCABULARY
|
Anatomical Terms |
| English |
Apache |
Jicarilla |
Navaho |
| ankle-joint |
ko-ká̆ ĭlh-rŭ-nŭ-ni-wú |
ké̆t-sin |
a-ké̆ts-in |
| arm |
ko-gún |
gŏn |
a-gán |
| blood |
dĭlh |
tí̆l-thĕ |
dĭlh |
| bone |
its-í̆n |
í̆ts-ĭn |
ts'ĭn |
| chest |
i-tí̆l |
ko-yé̆-tĕ |
a-jĕ-í̆ts-in |
| chin |
ko-yé̆-dâ |
ĭs-é̆-tâ |
á̆-yăts-in |
| ear |
id-já |
ĭd-já |
ă-já |
| elbow |
ko-gún ĭlh-rŭ-nŭ-ni-wú |
ĭd-an-hlá |
osh-lé |
| eye |
in-dá̆ |
ĭt-á |
ăn-án |
| face |
ko-ní |
ĭn-ní |
ăn-ín |
| finger |
ko-lụ-zhúzh |
in-lấ |
shĭ-lă |
| finger-nail |
ko-lụ-gún |
in-lâ-gó̆n |
shĭ-lá̆sh-gân |
| foot |
ko-ké̆ |
i-ká |
kĕ |
| hair |
tsĭ-rấ |
ĭt-sé̆ |
tsi-ghá̆ |
| hand |
ko-gún |
u-lá |
shí-lă |
| head |
kots-its-í̆n |
í̆ts-ĭts-ĭn |
sí̆ts-ĭts-in |
| heart |
kod-jí did-jú-la |
ko-chá |
a-je-id-í̆sh-jalh |
| knee |
ko-qút |
ĭ-kó |
ă-whód |
| leg |
kod-jấk |
ĭ-jấd |
ă-jấd |
| lip |
su-sŭ-bâ-né̆ |
ĭ-tấ |
ă-dấ |
| lungs |
kod-jí |
ĭ-tâ-lé̆ |
a-jé |
| mouth |
ko-zá |
ĭ-zé̆ |
si-zé |
| neck |
ko-gús |
ĭ-kó̆s |
ăk-ás |
| nose |
ko-chí |
ĭ-chín |
ă-chí̆n |
| nostril |
kó-ní̆ |
ĭn-né̆ |
ă-ní̆n |
| shoulder |
ko-hwás |
ĭh-hwás |
ă-hwás |
| toe |
ko-kĕ-zhúzh |
ĭh-ké̆sh |
a-ké̆ |
| toe-nail |
ko-kĕ-gún |
ĭh-ké̆sh-gŏn |
a-ké̆sh-gân |
| tongue |
kŏ-zá |
ĭh-zá-tĕ |
a-tsó |
| tooth |
ko-wú |
ĭh-gwó |
a-hwó |
|
Animals (See
also Foods) |
| English |
Apache |
Jicarilla |
Navaho |
| antelope |
já-gĕ |
tá-ga-tĕ |
jú̆-dĭ |
| badger |
bụ-ntă-lé̆ na-gans-chi-tn |
ná-as-chĭd |
| bat |
cha-bâ-né̆ |
cha-na-mi-ín |
jâ-a-bá-nĭ |
| bear |
sŭsh |
shash |
sŭsh |
| beaver |
cha |
cha |
cha |
| blue-bird |
rụsh-tá du-tlí̆sh |
dó-lo |
dó-lĭ |
| buffalo |
bĭ-shĭsh-jík |
ă-yán-dĕ |
a-yá-nĭ |
| buzzard |
chi-shó-gĭ |
ta-chá-ze |
jé-sho |
| chipmunk |
gụ-sụs-sí |
ĭn-se-zú-so |
tsĭd-í̆t-í̆-nĭ |
| coyote |
ban |
tsil-i-té̆n |
mai |
| crow |
gấ-gĕ |
kấ-gĕ |
gấ-gĕ |
| deer |
bin |
bin |
bin |
| eagle |
tsá-cho |
i-tsá |
a-tsá |
| elk |
bin-nal-dé̆ |
tzĕs |
tzĕ |
| gopher |
na-ilh-tlí-gi |
ma-í-nĕ-lin |
na-a-zí-si |
| hawk |
ĭt-sấ |
ĭt-sé̆-so-yĕ g'í̆-ni |
| mountain lion |
ndú-chú |
ĕn-tó-yĕ |
nash-tu-í-tso |
| mountain sheep |
dĕ-bé̆-chụ zi-dĕ-bé̆ |
tsĕ-tú̆-dĕ-bĕ |
| owl |
bụ |
yí-yĕ |
nás-cha |
| rat (wood) |
klósh-chụ |
klé̆-tso |
klĕ-é̆-tso |
| skunk |
gụ-lízh-ĭ |
kĕl-din-shé̆n wo-lí̆-zhi |
| spider |
na-alht-lo-lé̆ |
mans-ché̆ |
nash-jé'i |
| squirrel |
tsĕ-skús-si |
na-jĭl-kái-ĭ |
t'lá-zi |
| turkey |
tá-zhĭ |
ká-zhĭ |
tá-zhĭ |
| wolf |
ban-chú |
bai-é̆-tso |
mai-í̆-tso |
[pg 140]
|
Cardinal Points |
| English |
Apache |
Jicarilla |
Navaho |
| north |
nâ-ak-ku-sé̆ bi-yâ-yó |
ná-ko-sŭ bi-ya-yé̆ |
nó̑-ho-kos |
| south |
nụ-dĭt-ú̆ bi-yâ-yó |
sha-tí ai-yé̆ |
shŭ-tŭ-ú̆ |
| east |
hụ-nâ-ĭt-ú̆kh bi-yâ-yó |
sha-há ai-yé̆ |
há-ĭ |
| west |
on-ụd-ú̆kh bi-yâ-yó |
sha-í ai-yé̆ |
i-yŭ-ú̆ |
| zenith |
nokh-gé̆h-yo |
|
ya-alh-ní-gĭ |
| nadir |
nokh-tlúh-yo |
|
a-yá-ĭ dĕs-á-ĭ-gĭ |
|
Colors |
| English |
Apache |
Jicarilla |
Navaho |
| black |
dí̆lh-kĭh |
dí̆lh-ĭ-li |
dí̆lh-kĭh |
| blue |
du-tlí̆sh-ĭ |
dá-tlĭsh |
do-tlí̆sh-ĭ |
| brown |
hĭsh-tlí̆zh |
klĭ-pá |
dí̆-nĭl-zhĭn |
| gray |
qụl-bấ |
tnĕ-ná-tlĭsh |
klĕ-pá |
| green |
tlŏh-du-tlí̆zh-a |
yĕ-dá-tlĭsh |
dó-tlĭsh |
| red |
tli-chú |
klĭ-chí |
klĕ-chí |
| white |
tli-kái |
klĭ-kái |
klĕ-kái |
| yellow |
tli-tsó |
klĭ-tsó |
klé̆-tso |
|
Foods (Primitive) |
| English |
Apache |
Jicarilla |
Navaho |
| acorns |
chĭd-jí̆l |
na-tó-ka-tsĕ |
ché̆-chĭl bi-ná |
| antelope |
já-gĕ |
ta-gá-tĕ |
jú̆-dĭ |
| beans (native) |
bé̆s-tsoz |
ná-o-hlĕ-tsos-tĕt |
nú̆-o-hlĭ |
| cedar berries |
dĭl-tú-hla du-tlí̆sh-ĭ |
kal-tú-stĕ-ih |
dit-zé̆ |
| corn |
na-tán |
na-tán |
na-tán |
| deer |
bin |
bi^{n) |
bin |
| elk |
bin
nal-dé̆ |
tzĕs |
tzĕ |
| grapes (wild) |
dŭh-tsá |
tŭt-zé̆ |
tŭt-zé̆ |
| juniper berries |
dĭl-tú-hla |
|
chĭl-há-zhĕ |
| mescal (agave) |
ná-ta |
ná-ta |
ná-ta |
| mountain sheep |
dĕ-bé̆-chụ zi-dĕ-bé̆ |
tsĕ-tú̆-dĕ-bĕ |
| piñon nuts |
o-bé̆ |
nĕs-chí |
nĕs-chí |
| potatoes (wild) |
ĭlh-tsú si-tsí̆n-nĭ |
pi-ji-né̆ |
ná-ma-si |
| prairie-dogs |
ăn |
klun |
klun |
| pumpkins |
bĕlh-kún |
na-yí-zĕ |
na-yĭ-zĭ-chí |
| rabbits (jack) |
gah-chú |
gah-tsó |
gah-tsó |
| rabbits (cottontail) |
gah-chi-lé̆ |
gah-chĭ-shé̆ |
gah |
| rats (wood) |
klosh-chú |
klé̆-tso |
klĕ-é̆-tso |
| squash |
gó-chi bĕlh-kún |
na-yí-zĕ |
na-yí̆-zĭ |
| yucca fruit |
gu-skú̆n |
kash-kán |
kŭsh-kán |
[pg 141]
|
Handicraft |
| English |
Apache |
Jicarilla |
Navaho |
| arrow-point |
bĕsh-go-lí̆n |
bé̆sh-tĕ |
bes-ĕst-á-gi |
| arrow-shaft |
tsĭ-gấ |
kĭ-ĭsh-tlu-zé̆ |
ts'ak-á̆ |
| basket (tray) |
tsâ-nas-kú̆-dĭ ĭ-tsấ |
ts'â |
| basket (burden) |
tú̆t-za |
ĭ-tsâ-nas-ká |
tsi-zí̆s |
| bow |
ĭlh-tí̆ |
ĭt-kĭn-chái |
alht-hín |
| cap |
cha |
cha |
cha |
| deerskin |
ĕ-pú̆n |
ĕ-pú̆n |
ĕ-pú̆n |
| fire-sticks |
kóh-tĭl-di |
t'tĕ |
wolk-án |
| head-band |
tsĭ-nóz-dĕ |
tsi-náz-dĕ |
cha |
| house |
kó-wa |
ko-zhán |
ho-gán |
| leggings |
ĭs-klé̆ tlĭ-kái |
ĭs-klé̆ |
ĕ-pú̆n ĭs-klé̆ |
| loin-cloth |
chósh-ta |
tsa-á-tĕ |
t'lĕsts-ós |
| moccasins |
ĕ-pú̆n kĕ |
ké̆'it-zĕ |
kĕ |
| pottery |
nụlh-kí-dĕ bi i-dé̆ |
ĭ-tsá̆ kush-tí̆sh |
|
| shirt |
ĕ-pŭn-tlé-sĭs |
é̆'it-zĕ |
ĕ-pŭn'é̆ |
| sweat-lodge |
ka-ché̆ |
ké̆lh-cha |
ta-ché̆ |
| water bottle tus |
kún-chĕ-ĕ |
tó-zŭs |
|
Months (Moons)8 |
| English |
Apache |
Jicarilla |
Navaho |
| January |
It-sá Bĭ-zhá̆zh |
Ku-wan-dé̆ |
Yăs Nlht'es |
| February |
Bụh Is-chí̆t |
Is-sai-zá |
A-tsá̆ Bĭ-yásh |
| March |
T'a Nụ-chí̆l |
It-á-na Chĭ-tái |
Wozhch'td |
| April |
T'a Nụ-chú |
It-á-na Tso |
At-ấn Chil |
| May |
Shosh-ké̆ |
Ku-skí It-chí |
At-ấn Tso |
| June |
Bin-nĭ-tsí̆
Dĭlh-tsí̆k |
Tấ-gĕ It-chí |
Nesh-já Chíl-i |
| July |
Bin-nĭ-tsí̆
Chi-é̆ |
Bi It-chí |
Nesh-já Tso |
| August |
Bi-nĭ-tún Tsos-sé̆ Kĕ-tlĕ-pé̆
Lak-tái-kĕ Bĭnt-ấn Ts'án-sĭ |
| September |
Bi-nĭ-t[ú.]n Chụ |
It-ha-stĭ-kí̆h |
Bĭnt-ấn Tso |
| October |
Rấn-zhĭ |
Iz-té̆-o-ĕ |
Ghấn-jĭ |
| November Ka-rúh-nụl-gụs Bin-zá-kĭ-a Nlhch-ĭ
Ts'ấn-sĭ |
| December |
Sŏs-nalh-tús |
Bin-nai-a-shé̆ |
Nlhch-ĭ Tsa |
[pg 142]
|
Natural Phenomena |
| English |
Apache |
Jicarilla |
Navaho |
| ashes |
ĭlh-chí |
kus-chí-ĭsh |
hlesh-ch'ái |
| charcoal |
tli-té̆sh |
kus-chí |
t'ĕsh |
| cloud |
ya-kó̆s |
kos |
kos |
| darkness |
chalh-ké̆lh |
klin |
cha-halh-kélh |
| day |
dji |
djin |
jĭn |
| earth |
ni-go-stú̆n |
ní-to-gus-an |
ní-ho-ĕs-tsan |
| fire |
koh |
ku |
kŭn |
| ice |
ti |
i-lá |
tqĭn |
| lake |
tu-sĭ-kấ |
ko-zĭlh-ká |
to |
| light |
go-tí |
go-tíh |
a-dí̆n-din |
| lightning |
há-dĭlh-kĭh |
í-dĭlh-chĭl |
a-tsín-ĭl-klĭsh |
| Milky-way |
I-kú̆tl bâ-há |
Tsós-pai |
Klĕ-kái stá-ĭ |
| mist |
ât |
ku-bĕ-zhá-zi |
i-dzí |
| moon |
klĕ-ga-na-ái |
klĕ-na-ái |
klĕ-ho-na-ái |
| mountain |
tzĭlh |
tzĭlh |
tzĭlh |
| night |
klĕ |
kli |
klé-jĕ |
| Pleiades |
Nụs-ka-o-ŭ-hú |
Sŏns-chi-sté̆ |
Dí̆l-gĕ-het |
| rain |
ná-ĭl-tĭ |
na-golh-kín |
nĭt-sú̆n |
| rainbow |
hi-tsâ-tlúl |
ĭt-sun-to-lé̆ nads-í-lĭd |
| river |
tu-ndlí |
ko-dlé̆ |
to |
| rock |
tse |
tsi |
tsĕ |
| shooting-star (meteor) |
tĭtl-són-sé̆ nụl-tú̆ |
sush-na-tsé̆ |
sŏn-á̆-dal-dsĭd |
| sky |
yá-dĭlh-kĭh |
ya |
yá-dĭlh-kĭh |
| smoke |
tlĭk |
kli |
hlĭd |
| snow |
sŏs |
zŏs |
yăs |
| star |
tĭtl-só̆n-sĕ |
sons |
son |
| sun |
chu-ga-na-ái |
chun-na-ái |
chĕ-ho-na-ái |
| thunder |
i-dá-ndi |
i-dĭlh-ní |
í-nĭ |
| water |
tu |
ko |
to |
| wind |
ní̆l-chi |
nl-chi |
ní̆l-chi |
|
Numerals |
| English |
Apache |
Jicarilla |
Navaho |
| one |
hlá-ĭ |
hlá-ĭ |
hlá-ĭ |
| two |
ná-kĭ |
ná-kĭ |
ná-kĭ |
| three |
tá-gĭ |
ká-i |
ta |
| four |
dín-ĭ |
dín-ĭ |
din |
| five |
ăsh-tlá-ĭ |
á̆sh-tlĕ |
á̆sh-dla |
| six |
gus-tán |
kus-kú̆n |
has-tán |
| seven |
gus-tsí̆-gĭ |
kus-tsí̆t-i |
tsósts-ĕd |
| eight |
tsá-bi |
tsá-bi |
tsé-bi |
| nine |
ngus-tá-i |
nkus-tá-i |
nâas-dái |
| ten |
gú-nĕz-na |
kú-nĕz-ni |
né̆z-na |
| eleven |
hla-zá-ta |
hla-ĭ-zá |
hla-zá̆-ta |
| twelve |
na-kĭ-zá-ta |
na-ki-zá |
na-ki-zá-ta |
| thirteen |
ta-zá-ta |
ka-zá |
ta-zá-ta |
| English |
Apache |
Jicarilla |
Navaho |
| fourteen |
din-zá-ta |
din-zá |
din-zấ-ta |
| fifteen |
ăsh-tla-á-ta |
ăsh-tlĕ-zá |
ăsh-dla-ấ-ta |
| sixteen |
gus-ta-á-ta |
kus-kŭn-zá |
has-tan-ấ-ta |
| seventeen |
gus-tsĭ-zá-ta |
kus-tsĭt-zá |
tsosts-ĕd-zấ-ta |
| eighteen |
tsa-bi-zá-ta |
tsa-bi-zá |
tse-bi-dzấ-ta |
| nineteen |
ngus-ta-dzá-ta |
nkus-ta-zá |
nâas-dai-dzấ-ta |
| twenty |
na-dí̆n |
na-tín |
na-dín |
| twenty-one |
na-dí̆n-hla |
na-tín-hla |
na-dín-hla |
| thirty |
ta-dí̆n |
ka-tín |
tá-din |
| forty |
dĭs-dí̆n |
dĭs-tín |
dí̆s-din |
| fifty |
ăsh-tlá-dĭn |
ăsh-tlé̆-tin |
á̆sh-dla-din |
| one hundred gú-nĕz-na-dĭn
kú-nĕz-ni-tin |
né̆z-na-din |
[pg 143]
|
Personal Terms |
| English |
Apache |
Jicarilla |
Navaho |
| aunt |
ko-bá̆-zhĕ |
ku-bá-zhĕ |
shi-bí̆-zhi |
| baby |
mĕ |
ô-ja-zí̆ |
a-wé̆ |
| boy |
skhĭn |
ĭsh-ki-ín |
skhi |
| brother (younger) ko-kí̆zn ko-kă-gé̆
na-râ-hí̆ |
ku-ĭ-zhá |
sí̆-tsĭ-lĭ |
| brother (elder) ko-kí̆zn ụn
na-râ-hí̆ |
ku-na-á |
shí̆-nai |
| child |
châ-rá-shĕ |
ilh-chí̆n |
shĭ-yá̆zh |
| clan |
ndĕ-áz-dĭ-i |
ĭ-chu-gĕ-dé̆ dĭ-né̆-ĕ |
| enemy |
ĕ-ná |
ko-ndá |
a-ná |
| father |
ko-tá̆ |
ku-kấ-ĭ |
shi-zhé̆-ĕ |
| girl |
na-lí̆n |
ish-té̆tn |
at-é̆d |
| man |
ndĕ |
tĭn-dé̆ |
dĭ-né̆ |
| medicine-man |
dĭ-gí̆n |
tin-dá-ko-ka-tlé̆ |
ha-tá-lĭ |
| mother |
ko-mấ |
ku-sí |
sha-mú̆ |
| people (tribesmen) |
ko-kí |
shĕ-tĭn-dé̆ |
dĭ-né̆ |
| people (strangers) |
tlúh-go ndé̆-hi |
ta-á-tso |
a-ná |
| person |
tsĭlh-kí̆dn |
ti-ní |
dĭ-né̆ |
| sister (younger) |
ko-dĭ-zhé̆ |
shĕ-lá |
shi-dé-zhĭ |
| sister (elder) |
ko-lú |
shĕ-nda-té̆ |
shú̆d-dĭ |
| uncle |
ko-dâ-ú̆ |
shĕ-ka-na-tlé̆n |
shi-bí̆-zhi |
| woman |
ĭst-só̆n |
ĕs-tsán |
ĕs-tsán |
|
Trees |
| English |
Apache |
Jicarilla |
Navaho |
| cedar |
gá-ĭl-lĭ |
kálh-tĕ |
gad |
| cottonwood |
t'is |
tu-ás |
t'is |
| juniper |
dĭl-tút-hlĕ-chi |
|
gad náz-si |
| oak |
chi-chí̆l |
shun-chi-lé̆ |
ché̆-chĭl |
| pine |
ndĭl-chí |
nus-chí |
ndish-chí |
| piñon |
o-bĕ-tsí̆n |
ĭ-zĕn-chí |
chá̆-olh |
| spruce |
djụ-útlh |
kŏn-skĕ-lé̆ |
dishl-bái |
| willow |
gai |
kí̆-ĭ |
k'á-i |
[pg 144]
|
Miscellaneous |
| English |
Apache |
Jicarilla |
Navaho |
| arm |
ko-gún |
gŏn |
a-gán |
| food |
chi-zú̆n |
ai-tá-i |
chi-án |
| forest |
gụd-nlh-chíl |
ku-dŏn-chíl |
tsĭn |
| god |
ya-á-diz-tan |
bi-tsa-shĕ-ndá-ĭ ye |
| jewels |
tsĕ-rụ-dé̆n-lĭg-gĕ |
n'klĭz |
| large |
n'chai |
n'tsai |
n'tsa |
| pollen |
há-dĭn-tĭn tlâsh |
tá-dĭ-tĭn |
| small |
ăl-chí̆-se |
ŭns-tsé̆s-tĕ |
yá-zhĕ |
| spirits |
chĭdn |
kuts-áin |
tsĭ*n-di |
| spirit-land chĭdn-túh-yo bits-áin
bĕ-kĕ-yá |
| tobacco |
tzĭlh-ná-to |
ná-to-tĕ |
n'át'o |
| turquoise |
du-tlí̆sh-ĭ |
da-tlí̆sh-ĕ |
dó-tlĭsh |