[271] Gaston Paris, La littérature française au moyen âge, 1890, in 16mo, p. 212.
[272] La Curne, Dictionnaire de l'ancien langage français, under the word Olibrius. Olibrius figures also in the legend of Saint Reine, where he is governor of the Gallic Provinces. The legend of Saint Reine is only a somewhat ancient variant of the legend of Saint Margaret.
|
Hail, thou holy Catherine, Virgin Maid so pure and fine. |
Bibliothèque Mazarine, manuscrit, 515. Recueil de prières, folio 55. This manuscript comes from the banks of the Meuse.
[274] S. Luce, loc. cit., proofs and illustrations, xiii, p. 19, note 2. E. de Bouteiller and G. de Braux, Nouvelles recherches sur la famille de Jeanne d'Arc, pp. xvi and 62. Guide et souvenir du pélerin à Domremy, Nancy, 1878, in 18mo, p. 60.
[275] J. Miélot, Vie de sainte Cathérine, text revised by Marius Sepet, 1881, in large 8vo.
[276] Gaston Paris, La littérature française au moyen âge, pp. 82, 213.
[277] Voragine, La légende dorée, 1846, pp. 789-797. Douhet, Dictionnaire des légendes, 1855, pp. 824-836.
[278] Trial, vol. i, p. 128. Hinzelin, Chez Jeanne d'Arc, p. 29. When we come to the trial, we shall consider whether it be possible to reconcile Jeanne's assertions with regard to this vow.
[279] Trial, vol. i, p. 128; vol. iii, p. 219.
[280] Ibid., index, under the words, Voices, Catherine, and Marguerite.
[281] Ibid., vol. i, pp. 71-85, 167 seq., 186 seq.
[282] Ibid., pp. 185, 186.
[283] In the French, humblement. In old French humblement means courteously. In Froissart there is a passage quoted by La Curne: "Li contes de Hainaut rechut ces seigneurs d'Engleterre, l'un après l'autre, moult humblement."
[284] Trial, vol. i, p. 130.
[285] Ibid., p. 130.
[286] Ibid., vol. ii, p. 413, note 2.
[287] Trial, vol. i, p. 52, marginal comment of the d'Urfé MS.: Celavit visiones curato, patri et matri et cuicumque, in the Trial, vol. i, p. 128, note. Lanéry d'Arc, Mémoires et consultations en faveur de Jeanne d'Arc, p. 471.
[288] Trial, vol. i, p. 171: "Et luy racontet l'angle la pitié qui estoit ou royaume de France." Pitié means here occasion for tenderness and love. The angel is thinking especially of the Dauphin. For the meaning and use of this word, cf. Monstrelet, vol. iii, p. 74: "... et le peuple plorant de pitié et de joie qu'ils avoient à regarder leur seigneur." Gérard de Nevers in La Curne: "Pitié estoit de voir festoyer leur seigneur; on ne pourroit retenir ses larmes en voyant la joie qu'ils marquoient de recevoir leur seigneur."
[289] Trial, vol. i, p. 53.
[290] Trial, vol. ii, p. 444.
[291] "Nonne alias dictum fuit quod Francia per mulierem desolaretur, et postea per Virginem restaurari debebat?" Evidence given by Durand Lassois in Trial, vol. ii, p. 444.
[292] Trial, vol. ii, p. 447. Nevertheless the woman Le Royer of Domremy remembered it and was astonished by it. Et hunc ipsa testis hæc audisse recordata est et stupefacta fuit.
[293] Monstrelet, vol. iii, p. 180. Jean Chartier, Chronique latine, ed. Vallet de Viriville, vol. i, p. 13. Th. Basin, Histoire de Charles VII et de Louis XI, vol. i, pp. 44 et seq.
[294] Alain Chartier, Quadriloge invectif, ed. André Duchesne, Paris, 1617, pp. 440 et seq. Ordonnances, vol. xi, pp. 101 et seq. Viutry, Les monnaies sous les trois premiers Valois, Paris, 1881, in 8vo, passim. De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. i, ch. xi.
[295] Juvénal des Ursins and Journal d'un bourgeois de Paris, passim. Letter from Nicholas de Clemangis to Gerson, in Clemangis opera omnia, 1613, in 4to, vol. ii, pp. 159 et seq.
[296] Le P. Denifle, La désolation des églises, monastères, Mâcon, 1897, in 8vo, introduction.
[297] Trial, vol. ii, pp. 402, 434.
[298] These two persons, however, are only known to us through somewhat doubtful genealogical documents. Trial, vol. v, p. 252. Boucher de Molandon, La famille de Jeanne d'Arc, p. 127. G. de Braux and E. de Bouteiller, Nouvelles recherches, pp. 7 et seq.
[299] Trial, vol. i, pp. 52, 53.
[300] Ibid., vol. ii, pp. 404, 407, 409, 411, 414, 416, passim.
[301] Trial, vol. ii, pp. 402, 434.
[302] Ibid., p. 402. Concerning Jeanne's religious observances, see Ibid., index, under the words Messe, Vierge, Cloche.
[303] Ibid., vol. ii, p. 429.
[304] Ibid., p. 427.
[305] Trial, vol. ii, p. 432.
[306] Ibid., vol. i, pp. 52, 53.
[307] Ibid., p. 53.
[308] Ibid., vol. ii, pp. 393, 400, passim.
[309] Psalm ci, 20-23. Vulgate, Douai Version (W.S.).
[310] Grégoire de Tours, Le livre des miracles, ed. Bordier, 1864, in 8vo, vol. ii, pp. 27, 31. Hincmar, Vita sancti Remigii in the Patrologie de Migne, vol. cxxv, pp. 1130 et seq. H. Jadart, Bibliographie des ouvrages concernant la vie et le culte de saint Remi, évêque de Reims, 1891, in 8vo.
[311] Froissart, Bk. II, ch. lxxiv. Le doyen de Saint-Thibaud, p. 328. Vertot, Dissertation au sujet de la sainte ampoule conservée à Reims, in Mémoires de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 1736, vol. ii, pp. 619-633; vol. iv, pp. 1350-1365. Leber, Des cérémonies du sacre ou recherches historiques et critiques sur les mœurs, les coutumes dans l'ancienne monarchie, Paris, Reims, 1825, in 8vo, pp. 255 et seq.
[312] A. Monteil, Histoire des Français, 1853, vol. ii, p. 194.
[313] Mystère de saint Remi, Arsenal Library, ms. no. 3.364. This mystery dates from the fifteenth century, from the time of the wars in Champagne. The following lines relate to the misfortunes of the kingdom:
| SAINT-ESTIENNE |
|
O Jhesucrist, qui les sains cieulx As de lumiere environnez, Soleil et lune enluminés, Et ordonnez à ta plaisance; Pour le tres doulz païs de France Les martirs, non pas un mais tous, A jointes mains et à genoux Te requierent que tu effaces La grant doleur de France; et faces Par ta sainte digne vertu Qu'ilz aient paix; adfin que tu, Ta doulce mere et tous les sains, Et ceulx qui sont de pechiez sains, Devotement servis y soient!... |
SAINT STEPHEN
O Jesus Christ who hast surrounded the heavens with light and kindled the sun and the moon, command, if it be thy will, the martyrs, not one only but all, to clasp their hands and on bended knee to implore thee to remove the great sorrow from France; and by thy holy and august merit ordain that they may have peace, that thou, thy sweet mother and all the saints and those who are cleansed from sin may be served devoutly!...
| SAINT-NICOLAS |
|
Dieu tout puissant fay tant qu'il ysse Hors du doulz païs sans amer Que toutes gens doivent amer C'est France, où sont les bons Chrestiens S'on les confort; si les soustiens Car l'engin de leur adversaire Et son faulx art les tire à faire Contre ta sainte voulenté. Ayez pitié de Crestienté Beau sire Dieux Tant en France qu'en autres lieux! Ce seroit Pitié à oultrance Que si noble roiaume, comme France, Fust par male temptacion Mis du tout à perdicion.... Fol. 3, verso. |
SAINT NICHOLAS
God all powerful grant that he may issue forth from that sweet land which all must love, all France, where are good Christians, and may they be comforted, and may they be sustained; for the power of their adversary and his false art tempt them to withstand thy holy will. Have pity on Christendom, good lord God, on other lands as well as on France! It would be the worst of pities if so noble a kingdom as France were through much temptation to fall into perdition....
[314] Mystère de Saint Remi, Arsenal Library, ms. no. 3.364, fol. 69, verso.
[315] Mystère de Saint Remi, fol. 71, verso.
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Le bon archevesque Remy, Qui tant aime le sang royal, Qui tant a son conseil loyal, Qui tant aime Dieu et l'Église. Mystère de Saint Remi, fol. 77. |
The good Archbishop Remi, who so dearly cherishes the royal blood, so faithful in counsel, so devout a lover of God and the Church.
[317] Trial, vol. i, p. 53.
[318] Trial, vol. i, p. 130; vol. ii, p. 456; vol. iii, p. 3, passim.
[319] S. Luce, Jeanne d'Arc à Domremy, pp. cliv, clv, clvi, 97, 359 et seq.; La France pendant la guerre de cent ans, p. 287.
[320] Trial, vol. i, p. 53.
[321] Trial, vol. i, p. 128.
[322] Ibid., vol. ii, p. 443. Boucher de Molandon, La famille de Jeanne d'Arc, p. 146. E. de Bouteiller and G. de Braux, Nouvelles recherches sur la famille de Jeanne d'Arc, introduction, pp. xxi, xxii.
[323] Trial, vol. ii, pp. 411, 431, 439. S. Luce, Jeanne d'Arc à Domremy, p. clxi. Hinzelin, Chez Jeanne d'Arc, p. 92.
[324] Trial, vol. ii, pp. 443, 444.
[325] Trial, vol. ii, p. 442.
[326] Ibid., vol. i, pp. 53, 221; vol. ii, p. 443.
[327] Genealogical Inquiry made by the Bailie of Chaumont concerning Jehan Royer (8 October, 1555) in E. de Bouteiller and G. de Braux, Nouvelles recherches sur la famille de Jeanne d'Arc, p. 62. [Document of doubtful authenticity.]
[328] Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 271. Jean Chartier, Chronique, vol. i, p. 67. Le R.P. Benoît, Histoire ecclésiastique et politique de la ville et du diocèse de Toul, Toul, 1707, p. 529. S. Luce, Jeanne d'Arc à Domremy, pp. clxii, clxiii. Léon Mougenot, Jeanne d'Arc, le Duc de Lorraine et le Sire de Baudricourt, 1895, in 8vo. E. de Bouteiller and G. de Braux, Nouvelles recherches, p. xviii. G. Nioré, Le pays de Jeanne d'Arc, in Mémoires de la Société académique de l'Aube, 1894, vol. xxxi, pp. 307-320. De Pange, Le Pays de Jeanne d'Arc; Le fief et l'arrière-fief. Les Baudricourt, Paris, 1903, in 8vo.
[329] Trial, vol. ii, p. 436.
[330] Ibid., vol. i, p. 53.
[331] Ibid., vol. ii, p. 456.
[332] Chronique des quatre premiers Valois, ed. S. Luce, Paris, 1861, in 8vo, pp. 46-48.
[333] P. de Fénin, Mémoires, ed. Mademoiselle Dupont, Paris, 1837, pp. 195, 222, 223.
[334] L. Jarry, Le compte de l'armée anglaise au siège d'Orléans, Orléans, 1892, in 8vo, pp. 75, 76.
[335] Et quod aberet in commendam: illud regnum, Trial, vol. ii, p. 456 (evidence of Bertrand de Poulengy).
[336] Trial, vol. ii, p. 456.
[337] See La Curne and Godefroy for the word commande. Durand de Maillane, Dictionnaire de droit canonique, 1770, vol. i, pp. 567 et seq.
[339] Trial, vol. ii, pp. 392, 393, 458, 459.
[340] As for Nicolas de Vouthon, priest of the Abbey of Cheminon, what is stated concerning him in the evidence of the 2nd and 3rd November, 1476, seems improbable. Trial, vol. v, p. 252. E. de Bouteiller and G. de Braux, Nouvelles recherches sur la famille de Jeanne d'Arc, pp. xviii et seq., 9.
[341] Trial, vol. ii, p. 475. Servais, in Mémoires de la Société des Lettres, Sciences et Arts de Bar-le-Duc, vol. vi, p. 139. E. de Bouteiller and G. de Braux, Nouvelles recherches, p. xxviii. S. Luce, Jeanne d'Arc à Domremy, proofs and illustrations xcv, p. 143 and note 3. De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, p. 204.
[342] This appears from the manner in which he reports Jeanne's words.
[343] Trial, vol. ii, pp. 451, 458.
[344] Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 72. Journal du siège, p. 35.
[345] Trial, vol. ii, p. 444. L. Mougenot, Jeanne d'Arc, le Duc de Lorraine et le Sire de Baudricourt, Nancy, 1895, in 8vo.
[346] Trial, vol. i, p. 53.
[347] Ibid., p. 440.
[348] Ibid., p. 423.
[349] Trial, vol. i, pp. 131, 132, 219.
[350] Trial, vol. ii, p. 421, cf. p. 433, "et alii juvenes de ea deridebant," said Colin's son, referring to her piety.
[351] Ibid., vol. i, p. 68.
[352] Report of André d'Epernon in S. Luce, Jeanne d'Arc à Domremy, p. clxvii and proofs and illustrations, pp. 217, 218, 220.
[353] Trial, vol. i, pp. 51, 214; vol. ii, pp. 391-454. S. Luce, Jeanne d'Arc à Domremy, p. clxxvi.
[354] Trial, vol. i, p. 214.
[355] S. Luce, Jeanne d'Arc à Domremy, p. clxxvii.
[356] Trial, vol. i, pp. 51, 214; vol. ii, p. 402.
[357] Ibid., vol. ii, pp. 409, 423, 428, 463.
[358] Ibid., pp. 416, 417.
[359] Monstrelet, vol. iii, p. 314.
[360] Trial, vol. i, p. 51.
[361] S. Luce, Jeanne d'Arc à Domremy, p. clxxvii.
[362] Expilly, Dictionnaire géographique de la France, under the word Neufchâteau.
[363] S.M. de Vernon, Histoire générale et particulière du tiers-ordre de Saint-François, Paris, 1667, 3 vols. in 8vo. Hilarion de Nolay, Histoire du tiers-ordre, Lyon, 1694, in 4to.
[364] Acta Sanctorum, March, vol. i, p. 549.
[365] Wadding, Annales Minorum, vol. v, p. 183.
[366] Jean Morel declares that she was at Neufchâteau four days, and he adds: "What I tell you I know, for I was with the others at Neufchâteau" (Trial, vol. ii, p. 392); Gérard Guillemette speaks of four or five days (Ibid., p. 414); Nicolas Bailly of three or four (Ibid., p. 451). But Jeanne told her judges at Rouen that she stayed a fortnight at Neufchâteau (Ibid., vol. i, p. 51). When she gave her evidence, the event was less remote, and doubtless her recollection of it was more accurate.
[367] Ibid., vol. i, p. 51.
[368] S. Luce, Jeanne d'Arc à Domremy, chs. ix, x, xi. Abbé V. Mourot, Jeanne d'Arc et le tiers-ordre de Saint-François, Saint-Dié, 1886, in 8vo. L. de Kerval, Jeanne d'Arc et les Franciscains, Vanves, 1893, in 18mo. E iera begina, says a correspondent of Morosini, edited by Lefèvre-Pontalis, vol. iii, p. 92 and note 2.
[369] Trial, vol. i, pp. 128, 219. E. Misset, Jeanne d'Arc Champenoise, 1895, in 8vo, p. 28.
[370] Trial, vol. i, p. 219: quibus obediebat in omnibus, nisi in processu Tullensi.
[371] Trial, vol. i, p. 215. Article 9 of the deed of accusation is drawn up as the result of an inquiry made at Neufchâteau.
[372] Trial, vol. ii, p. 396, passim.
[373] S. Luce, Jeanne d'Arc à Domremy, pp. clxxx, 230.
[374] Mistère du siège, v, 497.
[375] Chronique de la Pucelle, chs. xxxiv, xxxv. Jean Chartier, Chronique, chs. xxxii, xxxv; Journal du siège, pp. 2 et seq.
[376] Trial, vol. i, pp. 52, 216.
[377] Ibid., vol. ii, p. 456.
[378] Trial, vol. ii, pp. 428, 434. S. Luce, Jeanne d'Arc à Domremy, p. clxxx. E. de Bouteiller and G. de Braux, Nouvelles recherches, p. xxiii.
[379] Les caquets de l'accouchée, new edition by E. Fournier and Le Roux de Lincy, Paris, 1855, in 16mo, introduction.
[380] Trial, vol. i, p. 53; vol. ii, p. 443.
[381] Ibid., vol. ii, pp. 428, 430, 434.
[382] Ibid., p. 416.
[383] Ibid., p. 431.
[384] Trial, vol. ii, p. 418.
[385] Ibid., p. 419: dixit quod nescivit recessum dictæ Johannæ; quæ testis propter hoc multum flebat, quia eam multum propter suam bonitatem diligebat et quod sua socia erat.
[386] Ibid., vol. ii, p. 436.
[387] S. Luce, Jeanne d'Arc à Domremy, pp. clxviii, 222, 234.
[388] Chronique de la Pucelle, p. 273; La Chronique de Lorraine in Dom Calmet, Histoire de Lorraine, vol. iii, col. vj, gives an amplified version of these words, the authenticity of which is doubtful.
[389] Trial, vol. i, pp. 219, 220. The source is doubtful. Nevertheless the accusation here lays stress on these facts produced by the inquiry. If Jeanne denied having spoken these words, it was because she had forgotten them, or because they had been so changed that she could disavow the form in which they were presented to her.
[391] Trial, vol. ii, p. 446.
[392] Trial, vol. ii, p. 461.
[393] S. Luce, Jeanne d'Arc à Domremy, p. cxcxiv.
[394] Trial, vol. ii, pp. 460, 461 (evidence of Jean le Fumeux in the rehabilitation trial).
[395] Ibid., p. 446.
[396] Ibid., p. 447.
[397] Trial, vol. ii, p. 448.
[398] Quæ puella multum bene loquebatur. Trial, vol. ii, p. 450. S. Luce, Jeanne d'Arc à Domremy, p. 103.
[399] Ibid., vol. v, p. 363; Journal du siège, p. 45. S. Luce, Jeanne d'Arc à Domremy, pp. xcv, cxi, cxxvj. De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, p. 204, note. E. de Bouteiller and G. de Braux, Nouvelles recherches, pp. xxv et seq.
[400] A sol tournois is the twentieth part of a livre tournois (W.S.).
[401] S. Luce, Jeanne d'Arc à Domremy, pp. cxc, 160, 161.
[402] Trial, vol. ii, pp. 435-457. E. de Bouteiller and G. de Braux, Nouvelles recherches, pp. xxvi, xxvii.
[403] Trial, vol. ii, p. 436. De Beaucourt, Histoire de Charles VII, vol. ii, pp. 396 et seq.