Three other useful tables are also given on the following pages.

High-speed steel, being more dense than carbon steel, weighs from 10 to 11 per cent more than carbon steel. This should be added to figures given in the table.

To find the weight of discs made of carbon steel, in diameters up to and including 12 in., without any allowance for finishing multiply the per foot weight of round bar steel, shown herewith by the decimal equivalent of a foot given in the following table:

EXAMPLE.—If the weight of a carbon steel disc 7 in. diameter, 1-5/8 in. thick is desired, turn to page 233, where the per foot weight of 7 in. round is given as 131.6 lb. Multiply this by the decimal equivalent of 1-5/8 in., or 0.135, as shown in the above table, and the product will be the net weight of the disc.

AUTHORITES QUOTED

A

ADDIS, W H., 102
AMERICAN MACHINISTS' HANDBOOK, 69
AMERICAN STEEL TREARERS' SOCIETY, 119
AMERICAN GEAR MFRS. ASSO., 115
AUTOMATIC AND ELECTRIC FURNACES LTD., 161
ARNOLD, PROF. J. O., 167

B

BURLEIGH, R. W.
BORDEN, B.
BOKER, HERMAN & Co.
BROWN INSTRUMENT Co., 224
BROWN-LIPE-CHAPLIN Co., 121

C

CAMPBELL, H. H.
CARHART, H. A., 42
CLAYTON, C. Y., 112
CURTIS AIRPLANE Co.

E

ENGLEHARD, CHARLES, 227
ENSAW, HOWARD, 79, 95

F

FIRTH-STERLING STEEL Co., 176
FIRTH, THOMAS & SONS, 137
FOWLER, HENRY, 151

G

GILBERT & BARKER, 164, 188

H

HAYWAHD, C. R., 35
HOWE, DR. H. M., 8, 108
HOOVER STEEL BALL CO., 61
HEATHCOTE, H. L., 85
HARRIS, MATTHEW, 94
HUNTER, J. V., 192

J

JANITZKY, E. J., 119
JOHNSTON, A. B., 35
JUTHE, K. A., 1, 24, 65, 75, 79, 105, 145

L

LATROBE STEEL CO., 150, 178
LUDLUM STEEL CO., 175
LEEDS & NORTHRUP CO., 211
LYMAN, W. H., 199

M

MANSFIELD, C. A.
MIDVALE STEEL Co.
McKENNA, ROY C., 164
MOULTON, SETH A., 199

N

NILES, BEMENT, POND, 67

P

PARKER, S. W.
POOLE, C. R.

R

RAWDON, H. S., 110, 113

S

S. A. E. (SOCIETY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS), 39, 46, 49, 134
SAUVEUR, ALBERT, 105, 232
SPRINGFIELD ARMORY, 78
SELLACK, T. G.
SMITH, A. J., 101
SHIRLEY, ALFRED J.

T

TAYLOR INSTRUMENT Co., 215
THUM, E. E., 12-23; 105-121.
TIEMANN, H. P., 11

U

U. S. BALL BEARING Co.
UNITED STEEL Co.
UNDERWOOD, CHARLES N.

V

VAN DE VENTER, JOHN H., 86

W

WALP, H. O., 109
WOOD, HAROLD F., 46
WHEELOCK, LOVEJOY & Co., 69

INDEX

A

ABC of iron and steel, ix
Absorption of carbon, rate of, 83
Air hardening steels, 183
Analysis of high speed steel, 165
Allotropic modifications, 107
Alloy steel, annealing, 76
    properties of, 34
Alloys and their effect, 16, 24
    in high speed steel, 166
    in steel, value of, 16, 24
    upon steel, 24
Alpha iron, 106
Annealing, 113, 115
    care in, 154, 155
    furnace, 190
    high-chromium steel, 36
    high speed tools, 174
    in bone, 77
    methods, 122
    proper, 117
    rifle components, 78
    rust-proof steel, 36
    steels, 75
    temperature, 119
Arrests, 106
Austentite, 108, 111
Automotive industry, application of Liberty engine materials to, 46
    temperature control, 225
Axles, heat treatment of, 61

B

Balls, making steel, 61
Barium chloride process, 178
Baths for tempering, 157
Bessemer converter, 2
Beta iron, 106
Blending compounds, 103
Blister steel, 81
Blue brittleness, 56
Bone, annealing in, 77
Boxes for case hardening or carburizing, 80
Breaking test gears, 126
Brinell hardness, 22
Broach hardening furnace, 188
Brown automatic pyrometer, 224
Burning, 65

C

Calorized tubes, 229
Carbon, 13
    content at various temperatures, 84
    content of case hardened work, 81
    in cast iron, ix
    in tool steel, 149-150
    introduction of, 96
    penetration of, 95
    steel, 11
    steel forgings, Liberty engine, 48
    steel tools, 145
    steels, S. A. E., 10, 39
    steels, temper colors, 163
    strengthens iron, 13
    tool steel, forging, 65
Carbonizing, see Carburizing
Carborundum tubes, 229
Carburization, preventing, 93
Carburizing by gas, 88, 93
    boxes, 80
    compounds, 88, 102
    gas consumption by, 101
    local, 94
    material, 85
    nickel steel, 125
    or case hardening, 79
    pots for, 123
Carburizing, process of, ix, 83, 116
    short method, 124
    sleeves, 132
    with charcoal, 81, 88
    See Case hardening
Car door type of furnace, 190
Case, depth of, 86
Case hardening boxes, 80
    cast iron, 89
    local, 94
    or surface carburizing, 79
    treatments for various steels, 92
    see Carburizing
Cast iron, carbon in, ix
    case hardening, 89
Cementite, ix, 14
Center column furnace, 186
Centigrade table, 232-234
Chamotte tubes, 228
Chart of carbon penetration, 97
    heat treatment, 151
    shape, 151
Chrome steel, 26-27
Chrome-nickel steel, 27-28
    steel, forging, 66
Chrome-vanadium steel, 28
Chromium, 26-27
    steels, S. A. E., 41
Chromium-cobalt steel, 178
Chromium-vanadium steel, S. A. E., 41
Classification of steel, 10
Clay tubes, 229
Cold end compensator, 213
    junction errors, 222
    shortness, 15, 166
    worked steel, 65
Color in tempering, 157
Colors on carbon steels, 163
Combination tank, 90
Comparison of fuels, 191
Compensating leads, 222
Compensator for cold ends, 214
    automatic, 214
Composition of steel, 13
Compound, blending, 103
    separating from work, 102
Compounds for carburizing, 102
Connecting rods, Liberty motor, 42, 52
Continuous heating furnace, 71
Converter, Bessemer, 2
Cooling curves, 106, 107
Cooling quenching oil, roof system, 74
    rate of, for gear-forgings, 51
Copper, effect of, in medium carbon steel, 35
Copper-plating to prevent carburizing, 93
Corrosion of high-chromium steel, 38
    of rust-proof steel, 38
Corundite tubes, 229
Cost of operating furnaces, 200
Cracks in hardening, preventing, 106
Crankshaft, Liberty motor, 54
Critical point, 105
Crucible or tool steel, x, 4
Cutting off high speed steel, 172
Cyanide bath for tool steel, 133

D

Decarbonizing of outer surface, 153
    preventing, 154
Depth of case, 86
Detrimental elements in steel, 166
Dies, drop forging, 133
    quenching, 147
    soft spots in, 147
    tempering round, 161
Drawing, 114
    ends of gear teeth, 127
Drop forging dies, 133
Ductility, 13, 18

E

Effect of alloys, 24
    of different carburizing material, 87
    of size of piece, 89, 119
    of copper in medium carbon steel, 35
Elastic limit, 18
Electric process of steel making, 5
Electrode, 5
Elements, chemical, 12
Elongation, 18
Endurance limit, 20
Energizer, 81, 88
Enlarging steel, 161
Equipment for heat treating, 121
Eutectoid, 109

F

Fahrenheit temperature table, 232
Fatigue test, 19
Ferrite, 106
File test, 16, 17
Flame shields, 193
Flange shields for furnaces, 197
Forging furnace, 189
    high speed tools, 174
    improper, 66
    of steel, 64
    practice, heavy, 195
    rifle barrels, 69
Forgings, carbon steel Liberty engine, 48
Formed tools, high speed, 174
Fractures, examining by, 16, 159
Furnace, continuous heating, 71
    crucible, 4
    data, 199
    electric, 5
    Heroult, 6
    open hearth, 3
    records, 129
Furnaces, 185
    annealing, 190
    broach hardening, 188
    car door type, 190
    center column, 186
    cost of operating, 200
    data on, 199
    forging, heavy, 195
    fuels for, 199
    gas fired, 190
    high speed steel, 187
    lead pot, 185
    manganese steel, 198
    muffle, 189
    oil fired, 186
    operating costs, 200
    screens for, 192
    tool, 187
Furnaces, water cooled fronts, 197
Fuels, comparison of, 191
    for furnaces, 199

G

Gages, changes due to quenching, 162
    tempering, 161
Gamma iron, 106
Gas, carburizing by, 93
    consumption for carburizing, 101
    fired furnace, 190
    illuminating, for carburizing, 97
Gear blanks, heat treatment of, 115
    forgings, rate of cooling for Liberty engine, 51
    hardening machine, 130
    steel, transmission, 59
    teeth, drawing ends of, 127
Gears, Liberty engine, 50
Gleason tempering machine, 129
Grade of steel, 10
Grain, refining, 91, 110
    size, 16
Graphitic carbon, ix
Grinding high speed steel, 176

H

Hair lines in forgings, 56
Hardening, 111
    carbon steel for tools, 145
    cracks, preventing, 160
    dies, 146
    gears, 130
    high speed steel, 171
    high speed tools, 177
    of high-chromium steel, 37
    of rust-proof steel, 37
    room, modern, 146
Hardness tests, 20
Heating, effect of size, 119
    for forging, 64
Heat, judging by color, 114
    treating departments, 122
        equipment, 121
        forgings, 44
        inspection of, 125
        Liberty motor, 44
Heat treating, of axles, 61
    of chisels, 151
    of gears, 131
    of high speed steel, 170
    of steel, 105
    S. A. E., 134-137
Heat treatment, 105
Heroult furnace, 6
High-chromium steel, 36
    annealing of, 36
    corrosion of, 38
    hardening of, 37
Highly stressed parts of Liberty engine, 49
High speed steel, analysis of, 166
    annealing, 75
    cutting off, 172
    forging, 65
    furnace, 187
    hardening, 171
    heat treatment of, 170
    instructions for, 175, 180
    manufacture, 166, 169
    pack hardening, 172
    structure of, 168
Hints for steel users, 159

I

Illuminating gas for carburizing, 97
Impact test, 19
Improper forging, 66
Influence of size on heating, 119
Inspection of heat treatment, 125
Internal stresses, relieving, 154
Introduction of carbon, 96

J

Jewelers' tools, 146
Judging heat of steel by color, 114

L

Latent heat, 105
Lathe and planer tools, 176
    tools, high speed, 173
Latrobe temper list, 150
Lead bath, 154
    pot furnace, 185
Leeds & Northrup potentiometer 211
    optical pyrometer, 220
Liberty engine, highly stressed parts of, 49
Liberty engine materials, application to automotive industry, 46
    motor connecting rods, 42, 52
    motor, crankshaft, 54
    motor piston pin, 57
Local case hardening, 94
Luting mixture, 100

M

Machineability of steel, 72
Machinery steel, annealing, 77
Magnet test, 114
Making steel in electric furnace, 6
Manganese, 16, 33, 107
    steel, 29-30
        furnace, 198
Manufacture of high speed steel, 169
Marquardt mass tubes, 228
Martensite, 111
Medium carbon steel, effect of copper on, 35
Metallography, 105
Microphotographs, 109 e. s.
Microscopic examination, 158
Milling cutters, high speed, 174
Mixture for luting, 100
Modern hardening room, 146
Molten metal pyrometers, 226
Molybdenum, 32
Muffle furnace, 189