{466} Origin, Ed. i. p. 449, vi. p. 617.
{467} This corresponds to the Origin, Ed. i. pp. 443-4, vi. p. 610: the “feline animal” is not used to illustrate the generalisation, but is so used in the Essay of 1842, p. 42.
{468} Origin, Ed. i. p. 447, vi. p. 613.
{469} In the margin is written “Get young pigeons”; this was afterwards done, and the results are given in the Origin, Ed. i. p. 445, vi. p. 612.
{470} In the Origin, Ed. i. the corresponding passages are at pp. 8, 13, 443, vi. pp. 8, 15, 610. In the Origin, Ed. i. I have not found a passage so striking as that which occurs a few lines lower “that the germinal vesicle is impressed with some power which is wonderfully preserved, &c.” In the Origin this preservation is rather taken for granted.
{471} «In the margin is written» Aborted organs show, perhaps, something about period «at» which changes supervene in embryo.
{472} See p. 42, note 5.
{473} The evidence is given in Var. under Dom., I. p. 316.
{474} Origin, Ed. i. p. 444, vi. p. 610.
{475} In Var. under Dom., Ed. ii. vol. I. p. 295, such eggs are said to be laid early in each season by the black Labrador duck. In the next sentence in the text the author does not distinguish the characters of the vegetable capsule from those of the ovum.
{476} This seems to me to be more strongly stated here than in the Origin, Ed. i.
{477} Origin, Ed. i. p. 444, vi. p. 611.
{478} Origin, Ed. i. p. 441, vi. p. 607.
{479} Compare Origin, Ed. i. p. 419, vi. p. 575.
{480} «Note in original.» Scarcely possible to distinguish between non-development and retrograde development.
{482} Var. under Dom., Ed. ii. vol. I. p. 452.
{483} Origin, Ed. i. p. 441, vi. p. 607.
{484} Origin, Ed. i. p. 449, vi. p. 617.
{485} Origin, Ed. i. p. 449, vi. p. 618.
{486} In the Origin, Ed. i. p. 450, vi. p. 619, the author does not lay stress on any distinction in meaning between the terms abortive and rudimentary organs.
{487} Origin, Ed. i. p. 450, vi. p. 619.
{488} Ibid.
{489} This argument occurs in Origin, Ed. i. p. 451, vi. p. 619.
{490} Origin, Ed. i. p. 451, vi. p. 619, on male mammæ. In the Origin he speaks certainly of the abortive mammæ of the cow giving milk,—a point which is here queried.
{491} Origin, Ed. i. p. 451, vi. p. 620.
{492} The case of rudimentary organs adapted to new purposes is discussed in the Origin, Ed. i. p. 451, vi. p. 620.
{493} This is here stated on the authority of Sprengel; see also Origin, Ed. i. p. 452, vi. p. 621.
{494} Origin, Ed. i. p. 455, vi. p. 627. In the margin R. Brown's name is given apparently as the authority for the fact.
{495} Origin, Ed. i. p. 455, vi. p. 626.
{496} Origin, Ed. i. p. 454, vi. p. 625.
{497} In the Origin, Ed. i. p. 454, vi. p. 625, the author in referring to semi-monstrous variations adds “But I doubt whether any of these cases throw light on the origin of rudimentary organs in a state of nature.” In 1844 he was clearly more inclined to an opposite opinion.
{498} Origin, Ed. i. p. 454, vi. p. 625.
{499} See Origin, Ed. i. p. 454, vi. p. 625. The author there discusses monstrosities in relation to rudimentary organs, and comes to the conclusion that disuse is of more importance, giving as a reason his doubt “whether species under nature ever undergo abrupt changes.” It seems to me that in the Origin he gives more weight to the “Lamarckian factor” than he did in 1844. Huxley took the opposite view, see the Introduction.
{500} Origin, Ed. i. p. 455, vi. p. 627.
{501} Origin, Ed. i. p. 11, vi. p. 13, where drooping-ears of domestic animals are also given.
{502} Origin, Ed. i. p. 137, vi. p. 170.
{503} These words seem to have been inserted as an afterthought.
{504} Origin, Ed. i. p. 444, vi. p. 611.
{505} This and similar cases occur in the Origin, Ed. i. p. 452, vi. p. 621.
{506} The metaphor of the dishes is given in the Essay of 1842, p. 47, note 3.
{507} Compare however Darwin’s later view:—“The possibility of making distinct races by crossing has been greatly exaggerated,” Origin, Ed. i. p. 20, vi. p. 23. The author’s change of opinion was no doubt partly due to his experience in breeding pigeons.
{508} In the Origin, Ed. i. p. 469, vi. p. 644, Darwin makes a strong statement to this effect.
{509} “A grain in the balance will determine which individual shall live and which shall die,” Origin, Ed. i. p. 467, vi. p. 642. A similar statement occurs in the 1842 Essay, p. 8, note 3.
{510} Thus according to the author what is now known as orthogenesis is due to selection.
{511} Part II begins with Ch. IV. See the Introduction, where the absence of division into two parts (in the Origin) is discussed.
{512} In the recapitulation in the last chapter of the Origin, Ed. i. p. 475, vi. p. 651, the author does not insist on this point as the weightiest difficulty, though he does so in Ed. i. p. 299. It is possible that he had come to think less of the difficulty in question: this was certainly the case when he wrote the 6th edition, see p. 438.
{513} «The following words:» The fauna changes singly «were inserted by the author, apparently to replace a doubtful erasure».
{514} This question forms the subject of what is practically a section of the final chapter of the Origin (Ed. i. p. 480, vi. p. 657).
{515} Origin, Ed. i. p. 481, vi. p. 659.
{516} The discussion on the three species of Rhinoceros which also occurs in the Essay of 1842, p. 48, was omitted in Ch. XIV of the Origin, Ed. i.
{517} This corresponds to a paragraph in the Origin, Ed. i. p. 483, vi. p. 662, where it is assumed that animals have descended “from at most only four or five progenitors, and plants from an equal or lesser number.” In the Origin, however, the author goes on, Ed. i. p. 484, vi. p. 663: “Analogy would lead me one step further, namely, to the belief that all animals and plants have descended from some one prototype.”
{518} This sentence corresponds, not to the final section of the Origin, Ed. i. p. 484, vi. p. 664, but rather to the opening words of the section already referred to (Origin, Ed. i. p. 480, vi. p. 657).
{519} This simile occurs in the Essay of 1842, p. 50, and in the Origin, Ed. i. p. 485, vi. p. 665, i.e. in the final section of Ch. XIV (vi. Ch. XV). In the MS. there is some erasure in pencil of which I have taken no notice.
{520} An almost identical sentence occurs in the Origin, Ed. i. p. 487, vi. p. 667. The fine prophecy (in the Origin, Ed. i. p. 486, vi. p. 666) on “the almost untrodden field of inquiry” is wanting in the present Essay.
{521} See the last paragraph on p. 488 of the Origin, Ed. i., vi. p. 668.
{522} A passage corresponding to this occurs in the sketch of 1842, p. 51, but not in the last chapter of the Origin.
{523} This sentence occurs in an almost identical form in the Origin, Ed. i. p. 490, vi. p. 669. It will be noted that man is not named though clearly referred to. Elsewhere (Origin, Ed. i. p. 488) the author is bolder and writes “Light will be thrown on the origin of man and his history.” In Ed. vi. p. 668, he writes “Much light &c.”
{524} For the history of this sentence (with which the Origin of Species closes) see the Essay of 1842, p. 52, note 2: also the concluding pages of the Introduction.
{525} These four words are added in pencil between the lines.