424 (return)
[ See the fragments of Dius and Menander, preserved by Josephus (Contr. Ap. i. § 17, 18), and compare Arrian, Exp. Alex. ii. 24. It is quite uncertain what Phoenician deity is represented by “Agenor.”]

425 (return)
[ Renan, Mission de Phénicie, p. 559.]

426 (return)
[ Ibid.]

427 (return)
[ Ibid.]

428 (return)
[ Strab. xvi. 2, § 23.]

429 (return)
[ Menand, ap. Joseph. l.s.c.]

430 (return)
[ Strab. l.s.c.]

431 (return)
[ Eight thousand are said to have been killed in the siege, and 30,000 sold when the place was taken. (Arrian, Exp. Alex. l.s.c.) A certain number were spared.]

432 (return)
[ Renan, Mission de Phénicie, p. 552.]

433 (return)
[ Plin. H. N. v. 17.]

434 (return)
[ Kenrick, Phoenicia, p. 348.]

435 (return)
[ Renan, Mission de Phénicie, p. 22.]

436 (return)
[ See Capt. Allen’s Dead Sea, ii. 179.]

437 (return)
[ See Capt. Allen’s Dead Sea, ii. 179.]

438 (return)
[ Strabo, xvi. 2, § 13.]

439 (return)
[ Allen, Dead Sea, l.s.c.]

440 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 180.]

441 (return)
[ See the woodcut, and compare Renan, Mission de Phénicie, planches, pl. ii.; and Perrot et Chipiez, Histoire de l’Art dans l’Antiquité, iii. 25.]

442 (return)
[ Allen, Dead Sea, ii. 180.]

443 (return)
[ Ibid.]

444 (return)
[ Strab. xvi. 2, § 13.]

445 (return)
[ Strab. xvi. 2, § 13. See also Lucret. De Rer. Nat. vi. 890.]

446 (return)
[ Renan, Mission de Phénicie, p. 42.]

447 (return)
[ Strab. xvi. 2, § 12.]

448 (return)
[ Fr. ii. 7. Philo, however, makes “Brathu” a mountain.]

449 (return)
[ See Records of the Past, iii. 19, 20.]

450 (return)
[ Mission de Phénicie, pp. 58-61.]

451 (return)
[ Strab. l.s.c.]

452 (return)
[ Ibid.]

453 (return)
[ Gen. x. 18.]

454 (return)
[ Eponym Canon, p. 123, 1. 2.]

455 (return)
[ Renan, Mission de Phénicie, p. 115. And compare the map.]

456 (return)
[ Carnus is identified by M. Renan with the modern Carnoun, on the coast, three miles north of Tortosa (Mission, p. 97).]

457 (return)
[ Eponym Canon, p. 114, l. 104.]

458 (return)
[ Josh. xiii. 5; 1 Kings v. 18.]

459 (return)
[ Arr. Exp. Alex. ii. 15.]

460 (return)
[ Strab. xvi. 2, § 18.]

461 (return)
[ Fragm. ii. 8, § 17.]

462 (return)
[ Corp. Inscr. Sem., i. 3 (pl 1); Philo-Bybl. Fr. ii. 8, § 25.]

463 (return)
[ Strab. l.s.c.]

464 (return)
[ Allen, Dead Sea, ii. 164.]

465 (return)
[ Ibid.]

466 (return)
[ Strab. xvi. 2, § 15.]

467 (return)
[ See G. Smith’s Eponym Canon, pp. 123, 132, 148.]

468 (return)
[ Kenrick, Phoenicia, p. 9.]

469 (return)
[ Burckhardt, Travels in Syria, p. 162.]

470 (return)
[ Scylax, Peripl., § 104; Diod. Sic. xvi. 41; Pomp. Mel. i. 12.]

471 (return)
[ Tristram, Land of Israel, p. 633; Perrot et Chipiez, Histoire de l’Art dans l’Antiquité, iii. 56.]

472 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, iii. 57, 59.]

473 (return)
[ Allen, Dead Sea, ii. 152.]

474 (return)
[ Renan, Mission de Phénicie, p. 295.]

475 (return)
[ Lucian, De Dea Syra, § 9.]

476 (return)
[ Philo. Bybl. Fr. ii. 8, § 25.]

477 (return)
[ Stephen of Byzantium calls it {polin thoinikes ek mikrae megalen}. Strabo says that it was rebuilt by the Romans (xvi. 2, § 19).]

478 (return)
[ Phocas, Descr. Urbium, § 5.]

479 (return)
[ Cellarius, Geograph. ii. 378.]

480 (return)
[ Gen. x. 17.]

481 (return)
[ Eponym Canon, pp. 120, l. 25; 123, l. 2.]

482 (return)
[ Josh. xix. 29.]

483 (return)
[ Eponym Canon, p. 132, l. 10.]

484 (return)
[ Eponym Canon, p. 132, l. 10; 148, l. 103.]

485 (return)
[ Kenrick, Phoenicia, pp. 20, 21.]

486 (return)
[ This seems to be the true meaning of Strab. xvi. 2, § 25; sub init.]

487 (return)
[ Josh. vii. 23.]

488 (return)
[ Ibid. xvii. 11.]

489 (return)
[ 1 Kings iv. 11.]

490 (return)
[ Ancient Monarchies, ii. 132.]

491 (return)
[ Steph. Byz. ad voc. DORA.]

492 (return)
[ Hieronym. Epit. Paulæ (Opp. i. 223).]

493 (return)
[ Josh. xix. 47.]

494 (return)
[ 1 Macc. x. 76.]

495 (return)
[ Jonah i. 3.]

496 (return)
[ 2 Chron. ii. 16.]

497 (return)
[ Ezra iii. 7.]

498 (return)
[ See Capt. Allen’s Dead Sea, ii. 188.]

499 (return)
[ Eustah. ad Dionys. Perieg. l. 915.]

4100 (return)
[ Compare the Heb. “Ramah” and “Ramoth” from {...}, “to be high.”]

4101 (return)
[ Kenrick, Phoenicia, p. 3.]

4102 (return)
[ Gesenius, Monumenta Scripture Linguæque, Phoeniciæ, p. 271.]

4103 (return)
[ Allen, Dead Sea, ii. 189.]

4104 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, Histoire de l’Art, iii. 23.]

4105 (return)
[ Perrot and Chipiez, iii. 23-25.]

4106 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, Histoire de l’Art dans l’Antiquité, iii. 25, 26.]

4107 (return)
[ The Phoenicians held Dor and Joppa during the greater part of their existence as a nation, but the tract between them, and that between Dor and Carmel—the plain of Sharon—shows no trace of their occupation.]

V—THE COLONIES

51 (return)
[ Kenrick, Phoenicia, p. 71.]

52 (return)
[ Gen. x. 4. Compare Joseph. Ant. Jud. i. 6.]

53 (return)
[ Kenrick, p. 72.]

54 (return)
[ The two plains are sometimes regarded as one, which is called that of Mesaoria; but they are really distinct, being separated by high ground in Long. 33º nearly.]

55 (return)
[ Ælian, Hist. Ann. v. 56.]

56 (return)
[ Strab. xiv. 6, § 5.]

57 (return)
[ Theophrastus, Hist. Plant. v. 8.]

58 (return)
[ Di Cesnola, Cyprus, Introduction, p. 7.]

59 (return)
[ The copper of Cyprus became known as {khalkos Kuprios} or {Æs Cyprium}, then as cyprium or cyprum, finally as “copper,” “kupfer,” “cuivre,” &c.]

510 (return)
[ Ezek. xxvii. 6.]

511 (return)
[ Compare Ammianus—“Tanta tamque multiplici fertilitate abundat rerum omnium Cyprus, ut, nullius externi indigens adminiculi, indigenis viribus a fundamento ipso carinæ ad supremos ipsos carbasos ædificet onerariam navem, omnibusque armamentis instructam mari committat” (xiv. 8, § 14).]

512 (return)
[ Di Cesnola, Cyprus, p. 49.]

513 (return)
[ Kenrick, Phoenicia, p. 75.]

514 (return)
[ Di Cesnola, pp. 65-117.]

515 (return)
[ Ibid. pp. 68, 83.]

516 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, Histoire de l’Art, iii. 215.]

517 (return)
[ Ibid.]

518 (return)
[ {Polis Kuprou arkhaiotate}.]

519 (return)
[ Di Cesnola, Cyprus, p. 294.]

520 (return)
[ Ibid. pp. 254-281.]

521 (return)
[ Di Cesnola, Cyprus, p. 294.]

522 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 378.]

523 (return)
[ Strabo, xiv. 6, § 3; Steph. Byz. ad voc. CURIUM.]

524 (return)
[ Herod. v. 113.]

525 (return)
[ Apollodor. Biblioth. iii. 14, § 13.]

526 (return)
[ Virg. Æn. i. 415-417; Tacit. Ann. iii. 62; Hist. ii. 2; Strab. xiv. 6, § 3.]

527 (return)
[ Ps. lxxvi. 2.]

528 (return)
[ Di Cesnola, Cyprus, p. 201.]

529 (return)
[ Di Cesnola, Cyprus, p. 198, and Map.]

530 (return)
[ Eponym Canon, p. 139, l. 23.]

531 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 144, l. 22.]

532 (return)
[ On the copper-mines of Tamasus, see Strab. xiv. 6, § 5; and Steph. Byz. ad voc.]

533 (return)
[ Eponym Canon, ll.s.c.]

534 (return)
[ Di Cesnola, Cyprus, p. 228.]

535 (return)
[ Plut. Vit. Solon. § 26.]

536 (return)
[ Diod. Sic. xiv. 98, § 2.]

537 (return)
[ Di Cesnola, Cyprus, p. 231.]

538 (return)
[ Kenrick, Phoenicia, p. 74.]

539 (return)
[ Gen. x. 4.]

540 (return)
[ Gesenius, Mon. Script. Linquæque Phoeniciæ, p. 278.]

541 (return)
[ Strab. xiv. 5, § 3.]

542 (return)
[ Ibid. xiv. 3, § 9. Mt. Solyma, now Takhtalu, is the most striking mountain of these parts. Its bald summit rises to the height of 4,800 feet above the Mediterranean (Beaufort, Karamania, p. 57).]

543 (return)
[ Strab. xiv. 3, § 8, sub fin.]

544 (return)
[ Beaufort, Karamania, p. 31.]

545 (return)
[ Herod. iii. 90; vii. 77; Strab. xiii. 4, § 15; Steph. Byz. ad. voc.]

546 (return)
[ Beaufort, Karamania, p. 56.]

547 (return)
[ Strab. xiv. 3, § 9.]

548 (return)
[ Beaufort, pp. 59, 60.]

549 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 70.]

550 (return)
[ As Corinna and Basilides (see Athen. Deipnos, iv. 174).]

551 (return)
[ Ap. Phot. Bibliothec. p. 454.]

552 (return)
[ Ap. Athen. Deipn. viii. 361.]

553 (return)
[ Dict. Cret. i. 18; iv. 4.]

554 (return)
[ Kenrick, Phoenicia, pp. 80, 81.]

555 (return)
[ Aristid. Orat. § 43.]

556 (return)
[ Acts xxvii. 12.]

557 (return)
[ Steph. Byz. ad voc.]

558 (return)
[ Herod. iv. 151.]

559 (return)
[ Heb. {...}, Copt. labo, &c.]

560 (return)
[ Steph. Byz. ad voc. {KUTHERA}; Festus, ad voc. MELOS.]

561 (return)
[ Kenrick, p. 96.]

562 (return)
[ Steph. Byz. ad voc. {MEMBLIAROS}.]

563 (return)
[ Heraclid. Pont. ap. Steph. Byz. ad voc.]

564 (return)
[ Herod. iv. 147.]

565 (return)
[ Thucyd. i. 8.]

566 (return)
[ Herod. iii. 57; Pausan. x. 11.]

567 (return)
[ Tournefort, Voyages, i. 136.]

568 (return)
[ Plin, H. N. iv. 12. Compare Steph. Byz. ad voc. {KUTHERA}.]

569 (return)
[ Theophrast. Hist. Plant. iv. 2; Plin. H. N. xxxv. 15.]

570 (return)
[ Strab. x. 5, § 16.]

571 (return)
[ Ibid. § 19, ad fin.]

572 (return)
[ Herod. ii. 44.]

573 (return)
[ Ibid. vi. 47.]

574 (return)
[ Hesych. ad voc. {KABEIROI}; Steph. Byz. ad voc. {IMBROS}; Strab. vii. Fr. 51.]

575 (return)
[ Strab. xiv. 5, § 28; Plin. H. N. vii. 56.]

576 (return)
[ Strab. x. 1, § 8.]

577 (return)
[ Herod. v. 57; Strab. ix. 2, § 3; Pausan. ix. 25, § 6, &c.]

578 (return)
[ Steph. Byz. ad voc. {PRONEKTOS}; Scymn. Ch. l. 660.]

579 (return)
[ Apollon. Rhod. ii. l. 178; Euseb. Præp. Ev. p. 115; Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. l.s.c.; Steph. Byz. ad voc. {SESAMOS}.]

580 (return)
[ So Kenrick, Phoenicia, pp. 91, 92.]

581 (return)
[ Utica was said to have been founded 287 years before Carthage (Aristot. De Ausc. Mir. § 146). Carthage was probably founded about B.C. 850.]

582 (return)
[ Thucyd. vi. 2.]

583 (return)
[ Strab. xvii. 3, § 13.]

584 (return)
[ See the chart opposite, and the description in the Géographie Universelle, xi. 271, 272.]

585 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 270.]

586 (return)
[ Plin. H. N. v. 4, § 23; Géographie Universelle, xi. 157.]

587 (return)
[ Géograph. Univ. xi. 275.]

588 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 274.]

589 (return)
[ Géograph. Univ. xi. 413, 414.]

590 (return)
[ Ibid. pp. 410, 411.]

591 (return)
[ See Davis’s Carthage, pp. 128-130; and compare the woodcut in the Géograph. Univ. xi. 259.]

592 (return)
[ Beulé, Fouilles à Carthage, quoted in the Géograph. Univ. xi. 258.]

593 (return)
[ “Adrymes” is the Greek name (Strab. xvii. 3, § 16), Adrumetum or Hadrumetum, the Roman one (Sall. Bell. Jugurth. § 19; Liv. xxx. 29; Plin. H. N. v. 4, § 25).]

594 (return)
[ Géograph. Univ. xi. 227, 228.]

595 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 227, note.]

596 (return)
[ Géographie Universelle, xi. 224.]

597 (return)
[ Géograph. Univ. xi. 84.]

598 (return)
[ Strabo, xvii. 3, § 18.]

599 (return)
[ See Della Cella, Narrative, p. 37, E. T.; Beechey, Narrative, p. 51.]

5100 (return)
[ Herod. iv. 198. Compare Ovid. Pont. ii. 7, 25.]

5101 (return)
[ See the chart in the Géographie Universelle, xi. 223.]

5102 (return)
[ Strab. xvii. 3, § 12.]

5103 (return)
[ See Daux, Recherches sur les Emporia Phéniciens, pp. 256-258; and compare Pl. viii.]

5104 (return)
[ At Utica, Carthage, and elsewhere.]

5105 (return)
[ Daux, Recherches, pp. 169-171; Perrot et Chipiez, Histoire de l’Art dans l’Antiquité, iii. 400-402.]

5106 (return)
[ Thucyd. vi. 2.]

5107 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, Histoire de l’Art, iii. 336.]

5108 (return)
[ Diod. Sic. xiv. 68.]

5109 (return)
[ Gesenius, Monumenta Phoenicia, pp. 297, 298, and Tab. 39, xii. A, B.]

5110 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, Histoire de l’Art, iii. 330.]

5111 (return)
[ Polyb. i. 55.]

5112 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, Histoire de l’Art, iii. 331. Compare the accompanying woodcut.]

5113 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, Hist. de l’Art, iii. 334; Woodcuts, No. 242 and 243.]

5114 (return)
[ Marsala, whose wine is so well known, occupies a site on the coast at a short distance.]

5115 (return)
[ Géographie Universelle, i. 552.]

5116 (return)
[ Géographie Universelle, i. p. 551.]

5117 (return)
[ See Gesenius, Monumenta Phoenicia, pp. 288-290, and Tab. 38, ix. Mahanath corresponds to the Greek {skenai} and the Roman castra. Compare the Israelite “Mahanaim.”]

5118 (return)
[ Serra di Falco, Antichità di Sicilia, v. 60, 67.]

5119 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, Hist. de l’Art, iii. 187-189.]

5120 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 426.]

5121 (return)
[ Géographie Universelle, i. 571.]

5122 (return)
[ Gesenius, Monumenta Phoenicia, p. 298.]

5123 (return)
[ Diod. Sic. v. 12.]

5124 (return)
[ See the Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum, vol. i. No. 132.]

5125 (return)
[ Gesenius, Mon. Phoen. Tab. 40, xiv.]

5126 (return)
[ For an account of these buildings, called by the natives “Giganteja,” see Perrot et Chipiez, Histoire de l’Art, iii. 297, 298.]

5127 (return)
[ Ibid.]

5128 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 299.]

5129 (return)
“Malte, l’île de miel” (Géogr. Univ. i. 576).]

5130 (return)
[ {Kunidia, a kalousi Melitaia} (Strab. vi. 2, § 11, sub fin.).]

5131 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, Histoire de l’Art, iv. 2.]

5132 (return)
[ Diod. Sic. xiv. 63, § 4; 77, § 6; xxi. 16, &c.]

5133 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, l.s.c. Compare the Géographie Universelle, i. 599, 600.]

5134 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, iii. 233; La Marmora, Voyage en Sardaigne, ii. 171-341.]

5135 (return)
[ Strabo calls the town Sulchi ({Soulkhoi}, v. 2, § 7).]

5136 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, iii. 231, 232, 253, &c.]

5137 (return)
[ None of the classical geographers mentions the place excepting Ptolemy, who calls it “Tarrus” (Geograph. iii. 3).]

5138 (return)
[ See Perrot et Chipiez, Histoire de l’Art, iii. 231-236, and 418-421.]

5139 (return)
[ Herod. i. 166.]

5140 (return)
[ Kenrick, Phoenicia, p. 116; Perrot et Chipiez, iii. 46, 186.]

5141 (return)
[ Géographie Universelle, i. 800.]

5142 (return)
[ Strab. iii. 5, § 1.]

5143 (return)
[ Kenrick, p. 118; Géogr. Univ. i. 795.]

5144 (return)
[ “Un admirable port natured divisé par des ilôts et des péninsules en cales et en bassins secondairs; tous les avantages se trouvent réunis dans ce bras de mer” (Géographie Universelle, i. 808).]

5145 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 801.]

5146 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 799.]

5147 (return)
[ {Phoinikike to skhemati} (Strab. iii. 4, § 2).]

5148 (return)
[ {Phoinikon ktisma} (ib. iii. 4, § 3).]

5149 (return)
[ Gesenius, Mon. Phoen. pp. 308-310; Tab. 40, xvi.]

5150 (return)
[ Strab. iii. 4, § 2.]

5151 (return)
[ Ibid.]

5152 (return)
[ Ibid. iii. 4, § 6.]

5153 (return)
[ Three hundred, according to some writers (Ibid. xvii. 3, § 3).]