5154 (return)
[ Plin. H. N. xix. 4.]

5155 (return)
[ Gesenius, Mon. Phoen. pp. 309, 310.]

5156 (return)
[ Géograph. Univ. xi. 710-713.]

5157 (return)
[ Strab. ii. 3, § 4; Hanno, Peripl. § 6; Scylax, Peripl. § 112.]

5158 (return)
[ See Géograph. Univer. xi. 714.]

5159 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, Histoire de l’Art, iii. 337.]

5160 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 339.]

5161 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 341.]

5162 (return)
[ See Kenrick, Phoenicia, p. 118; Dyer, in Smith’s Dict. of Greek and Roman Geography, ii. 1106.]

5163 (return)
[ Scymn. Ch. ll. 100-106; Strabo, iii. 2, § 11; Mela, De Situ Orbis, ii. 6; Plin. H. N. iv. 21; Fest. Avien. Descriptio Orbis, l. 610; Pausan. vi. 19.]

5164 (return)
[ Stesichorus, Fragmenta (ed. Bergk), p. 636; Strab. l.s.c.]

5165 (return)
[ Scymn. Ch. l.s.c.]

5166 (return)
[ See Herod. i. 163.]

5167 (return)
[ 1 Kings x. 22.]

5168 (return)
[ Strab. iii. 2, § 8; Géograph. Univ. i. 741-745.]

5169 (return)
[ Strab. iii. 2, § 11.]

5170 (return)
[ Kenrick, Phoenicia, p. 119.]

5171 (return)
[ Strab. iii. 2, § 7.]

5172 (return)
[ Aristoph. Ran. l. 476; Jul. Pollux, vi. 63.]

5173 (return)
[ Vell. Paterc. i. 2.]

5174 (return)
[ Géograph. Univ. i. 756-758.]

5175 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 758.]

5176 (return)
[ Strab. iii. 5, § 5; Diod. Sic. v. 20; Scymn. Ch. 160; Mela, iii. 6, § 1; Plin. H. N. v. 19; &c.]

5177 (return)
[ Gesen. Mon. Phoen. pp. 304, 370.]

5178 (return)
[ Strabo, iii. 5, § 3.]

5179 (return)
[ See the Géographie Universelle, i. 759.]

5180 (return)
[ The name is to be connected with the words Baal, Belus, Baalath, &c. There was a river “Belus,” in Phoenicia Proper.]

5181 (return)
[ Gesenius, Monumenta Phoenicia, pp. 311, 312.]

5182 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 311.]

5183 (return)
[ I.e. towards the north-east, in the Propontis and the Euxine.]

VI—ARCHITECTURE

61 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, Histoire de l’Art dans l’Antiquité, iii. 101.]

62 (return)
[ See Renan, Mission de Phoenicie, p. 92, and Planches, pl. 12.]

63 (return)
[ Ibid.]

64 (return)
[ Renan, Mission de Phénicie, pp. 62-68.]

65 (return)
[ Ibid. Planches, pl. 10.]

66 (return)
[ 1 Kings v. 17, 18.]

67 (return)
[ Our Work in Palestine, p. 115. Warren, Recovery of Jerusalem, i. 121.]

68 (return)
[ See the Corpus. Inscr. Semit. Pars I. Planches, pl. 29, No. 136.]

69 (return)
[ As at Sidon in the pier wall, and at Aradus in the remains of the great wall of the town.]

610 (return)
[ M. Renan has found reason to question the truth of this view. Bevelling, he thinks, may have begun with the Phoenicians; but it became a general feature of Palestinian and Syrian architecture, being employed in Syria as late as the middle ages. The enclosure of the mosque at Hebron and the great wall of Baalbek are bevelled, but are scarcely Phoenician.]

611 (return)
[ See Renan, Mission de Phénicie, Planches, pl. vi.]

612 (return)
[ Compare the enclosure of the Haram at Jerusalem, the mosque at Hebron, and the temples at Baalbek (Perrot et Chipiez, Histoire de l’Art, iii. 105, No. 42; iv. 274, No. 139, and p. 186, No. 116).]

613 (return)
[ See Perrot et Chipiez, iii. 108, 299, &c.]

614 (return)
[ Renan, Mission, p. 822.]

615 (return)
[ See Renan, Mission, pp. 62-68; and compare Perrot et Chipiez, Histoire de l’Art, iii. 242, 243.]

616 (return)
[ See Renan, Mission de Phénicie, p. 64.]

617 (return)
[ See Renan, Mission de Phénicie, pp. 63, 64.]

618 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 65.]

619 (return)
[ See the volume of Plates published with the Mission, pl. ix. fig 1.]

620 (return)
[ Di Cesnola, Cyprus, p. 110; pl. xxxv. fig. 20; xxxvi. fig. 7; xxxvii. figs. 10, 11; Perrot et Chipiez, Histoire de l’Art, iii. pp. 124, 428, 533, &c.]

621 (return)
[ Renan, Mission, Planches, pl. ix. fig. 3.]

622 (return)
[ See Perrot et Chipie, Histoire de l’Art, iii. 253, No. 193; p. 310, No. 233.]

623 (return)
[ See the author’s History of Ancient Egypt, i. 237.]

624 (return)
[ Mission de Phénicie, pp. 64, 65.]

625 (return)
[ See Di Cesnola’s Cyprus, pp. 210-212.]

626 (return)
[ The temple of Solomon was mainly of wood; that of Golgi (Athiénau) was, it is thought, of crude brick (Di Cesnola, Cyprus, p. 139).]

627 (return)
[ See the plan in Perrot et Chipiez, Histoire de l’Art, iii. 267, No. 200. Explorations are now in progress, which, it is hoped, may reveal more completely the plan of the building.]

628 (return)
[ As being the most important temple in the island.]

629 (return)
[ Di Cesnola, Cyprus, p. 211.]

630 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 210.]

631 (return)
[ Ibid.]

632 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, iii. 269.]

633 (return)
[ In M. Gerhard’s plan two circular ponds or reservoirs are marked, of which General Di Cesnola found no trace.]

634 (return)
[ Di Cesnola, Cyprus, p. 211.]

635 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, iii. 322.]

636 (return)
[ As Di Cesnola, and Ceccaldi.]

637 (return)
[ Ceccaldi, as quoted by Perrot et Chipiez, iii. 275.]

638 (return)
[ Ceccaldi, Monuments Antiques de Cypre, pp. 47, 48.]

639 (return)
[ Di Cesnola, Cyprus, p. 139.]

640 (return)
[ Di Cesnola, Cyprus, p. 149; Perrot et Chipiez, Histoire de l’Art, iii. 274; Ceccaldi, l.s.c.]

641 (return)
[ Di Cesnola, p. 139.]

642 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 140.]

643 (return)
[ Ibid. Compare Perrot et Chipiez, l.s.c.]

644 (return)
[ The only original account of this crypt is that of General Di Cesnola, Cyprus, pp. 303-305.]

645 (return)
[ Mephitic vapours prevented the workmen from continuing their excavations.]

646 (return)
[ The length of this room was twenty feet, the breadth nineteen feet, and the height fourteen feet (Di Cesnola, Cyprus, p. 304).]

647 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, Histoire de l’Art, iii. 285.]

648 (return)
[ See the woodcut representing a portion of the old wall of Aradus, which is taken from M. Renan’s Mission, Planches, pl. 2.]

649 (return)
[ In some of the ruder walls, as in those of Banias and Eryx, even this precaution is not observed. See Perrot et Chipiez, Histoire de l’Art, iii. 328, 334.]

650 (return)
[ Diod. Sic. xxxii. 14.]

651 (return)
[ Arrian, Exp. Alex. ii. 21, § 3.]

652 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, Hist. de l’Art, iii. 331, 332, 339.]

653 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, Hist. de l’Art, iii. pp. 333, 334.]

654 (return)
[ See his Recherches sur l’origine et l’emplacement des Emporia Phéniciens, pl. 8.]

655 (return)
[ Compare Renan, Mission de Phénicie, pls. 7, 16, 18, &c.; and Di Cesnola, Cyprus, p. 224.]

656 (return)
[ Di Cesnola, Cyprus, p. 256, 260; Perrot et Chipiez, Hist. de l’Art, iii. 219-221.]

657 (return)
[ Di Cesnola, Cyprus, p. 255.]

658 (return)
[ Di Cesnola, Cyprus, pp. 255, 256.]

659 (return)
[ See Di Cesnola, Cyprus, p. 260; and compare Perrot et Chipiez, Hist. de l’Art, iii. 219, No. 155.]

660 (return)
[ Di Cesnola, p. 259.]

661 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, iii. 224.]

662 (return)
[ See Ross, Reisen nach Cypern, pp. 187-189; and Archäologische Zeitung for 1851, pl. xxviii. figs. 3 and 4.]

663 (return)
[ They are not shown in Ross’s representation, but appear in Di Cesnola’s.]

664 (return)
[ See Sir C. Newton’s Halicarnassus, pls. xviii. xix.]

665 (return)
[ 1 Macc. xiii. 27-29.]

666 (return)
[ Renan, Mission de Phénicie, p. 80.]

667 (return)
[ Renan, Mission de Phénicie, p. 81.]

668 (return)
[ Ibid. pp. 82, 85.]

669 (return)
[ See Robinson, Researches in Palestine, iii. 385.]

670 (return)
[ Renan, Mission de Phénicie, p. 599.]

671 (return)
[ Perrot and Chipiez remark that “the general aspect of the edifice recalls that of the great tombs at Amrith;” and conclude that, “if the tomb does not actually belong to the time of Solomon’s contemporary and ally, at any rate it is anterior to the Greco-Roman period” (Hist. de l’Art, iii. 167).]

672 (return)
[ See the section of the building in Renan’s Mission, Planches, pl. xlviii.]

673 (return)
[ Renan, Mission de Phénicie, p. 71.]

674 (return)
[ Ibid. Planches, pl. 13.]

675 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 72.]

676 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, Histoire de l’Art, iii. 153.]

677 (return)
[ Renan, Mission de Phénicie, pp. 71-73.]

678 (return)
[ “Ce que ce tombeau offre de tout à fait particulier c’est que l’entrée du caveau, ou, pour mieux dire, l’escalier qui y conduit, est couvert, dans sa partie antérieure, par un énorme bloc régulièrement taillé en dos d’âne et supporté par une assise de grosses pierres” (Perrot et Chipiez, Hist. de l’Art, iii. 154).]

679 (return)
[ Mark xvi. 3, 4.]

680 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, Hist. de l’Art, iii. 334.]

681 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, Hist. de l’Art, iii. 126, No. 68.]

682 (return)
[ Di Cesnola, Cyprus, pp. 211, 301.]

683 (return)
[ See Perrot et Chipiez, Histoire de l’Art, iii. 129-134.]

684 (return)
[ Mission de Phénicie, p. 822.]

685 (return)
[ Renan, Mission de Phénicie, p. 822.]

686 (return)
[ Renan, Mission de Phénicie, p. 829.]

VII—ÆSTHETIC ART

71 (return)
[ See Perrot et Chipiez, Hist. de l’Art, iii. 404, and compare pp. 428 and 437.]

72 (return)
[ Di Cesnola, Cyprus, pp. 129-157, &c.]

73 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, iii. 510.]

74 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 513: “Les figures semblent avoir été taillées non dans des blocs prismatiques, mais dans de la pierre débitée en carrière, sous forme de dalles épaisses.”]

75 (return)
[ Di Cesnola, p. 150.]

76 (return)
[ Ibid. pp. 149, 150.]

77 (return)
[ Di Cesnola, p. 157.]

78 (return)
[ So both Di Cesnola (l.s.c) and Perrot et Chipiez, iii. 565.]

79 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, Hist. de l’Art, iii. Nos. 349, 385, 405, &c.; Di Cesnola, Cyprus, pp. 133, 149, 157.]

710 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, iii. 519, No. 353.]

711 (return)
[ Ibid. Nos. 323, 342, 368. Occasionally an arm is placed across the breast without anything being clasped (Di Cesnola, Cyprus, pp. 131, 240).]

712 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, Nos. 299, 322, 373.]

713 (return)
[ Ibid. Nos. 291, 321, 379, 380.]

714 (return)
[ Ibid. Nos. 381, 382.]

715 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, Nos. 306, 345, 349, &c.]

716 (return)
[ See Di Cesnola, Cyprus, pp. 141, 230, 243, &c.]

717 (return)
[ Compare Perrot et Chipiez, iii. 530, No. 358; p. 533, No. 359; and Di Cesnola, pp. 131, 154, &c.]

718 (return)
[ Di Cesnola, pp. 129, 145; Perrot et Chipiez, pp. 527, 545.]

719 (return)
[ Di Cesnola, pp. 149, 151, 161, &c.]

720 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, Hist. de l’Art, iii. 201, No. 142; p. 451, No. 323; p. 598, No. 409. The best dove is that in the hand of a priest represented by Di Cesnola (Cyprus, p. 132).]

721 (return)
[ Di Cesnola, Cyprus, p. 114.]

722 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 331; Perrot et Chipiez, iii. 203, and Pl. ii. opp. p. 582.]

723 (return)
[ Di Cesnola, Cyprus, p. 136; Ceccaldi, Rev. Arch. vol. xxiv. pl. 21.]

724 (return)
[ Di Cesnola, p. 137.]

725 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 133.]

726 (return)
[ Ibid. pp. 110-114.]

727 (return)
[ See the Story of Assyria, p. 403; and compare Ancient Monarchies, i. 395, 493.]

728 (return)
[ See Story of Assyria, l.s.c.; and for the classical practice, which was identical, compare Lipsius, Antiq. Lect. iii.]

729 (return)
[ So it is in a garden that Asshurbani-pal and his queen regale themselves (Ancient Monarchies, i. 493). Compare Esther i. 7.]

730 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, Hist. de l’Art, iii. 620.]

731 (return)
[ Di Cesnola, Cyprus, pp. 259-267.]

732 (return)
[ Di Cesnola is in favour of Melkarth (p. 264); MM. Perrot and Chipiez of Bes (Hist. de l’Art, iii. 610). Individually, I incline to Esmun.]

733 (return)
[ See Di Cesnola, Pl. vi.; Perrot et Chipiez, iii. 450, 555, 557; Nos. 321, 379, 380, 381, and 382.]

734 (return)
[ Herod. iii. 37.]

735 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez see in it the travels of the deceased in another world (Hist. de l’Art, iii. 612); but they admit that at first sight one would be tempted to regard it as the representation of an historical event, as the setting forth of a prince for war, or his triumphant return.]

736 (return)
[ A similar crest was used by the Persians (Ancient Monarchies, iii. 180, 234), and the Lycians (Fellows’s Lycia, pl. xxi. oop. p. 173).]

737 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, Histoire de l’Art, iii. 609-611.]

738 (return)
[ See the Journal le Bachir for June 8, 1887, published at Beyrout.]

739 (return)
[ 1 Kings vii. 14; 2 Chron. ii. 14.]

740 (return)
[ 1 Kings vii. 21.]

741 (return)
[ “In the porch” (1 Kings vii. 21); “before the house,” “before the temple” (2 Chron. iii. 15, 17).]

742 (return)
[ 1 Kings vii. 15, 16.]

743 (return)
[ Jer. lii. 21.]

744 (return)
[ 1 Kings vii. 17, 20.]

745 (return)
[ Ibid. verse 20; 2 Chron. iv. 13; Jer. lii. 23.]

746 (return)
[ 1 Kings vii. 22.]

747 (return)
[ See Perrot et Chipiez, Hist. de l’Art, vol. iv. Pls. vi. and vii. opp. pp. 318 and 320.]

748 (return)
[ 1 Kings vii. 23.]

749 (return)
[ Ibid. vv. 23-25.]

750 (return)
[ See the representation in Perrot et Chipiez, iv. 327, No. 172.]

751 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, iv. 328.]

752 (return)
[ 1 Kings vii. 27-39.]

753 (return)
[ Ibid. verse 38.]

754 (return)
[ Ibid. verse 29.]

755 (return)
[ See the woodcut in Perrot et Chipiez, iv. 331, No. 173; and compare 1 Kings vii. 31.]

756 (return)
[ 1 Kings vii. 36.]

757 (return)
[ 1 Kings vii. 33.]

758 (return)
[ Ibid. v. 40. Compare 2 Chron. iv. 16.]

759 (return)
[ See Di Cesnola’s Cyprus, Pls. xxi. and xxx.]

760 (return)
[ A single statue in bronze, of full size, or larger than life, is said to have been exhumed in Cyprus in 1836 (Perrot et Chipiez, iii. 514); but it has not reached our day.]

761 (return)
[ See the works of La Marmora (Voyage en Sardaigne), Cara (Relazione sugli idoli sardo-fenici), and Perrot et Chipiez (Hist. de l’Art, iv. 65-89).]

762 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, iv. 65, 66.]

763 (return)
[ Ibid. pp. 67, 69, 88.]

764 (return)
[ Ibid. pp. 67, 70, 89.]

765 (return)
[ Ibid. 52, 74, 75, 87, &c.]

766 (return)
[ See Di Cesnola, Cyprus, Pl. iv. opp. p. 84.]

767 (return)
[ Ibid. opp. p. 345.]

768 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 337.]

769 (return)
[ Monumenti di cere antica, Pl. x. fig. 1.]

770 (return)
[ Di Cesnola, Cyprus, p. 77.]

771 (return)
[ Di Cesnola, Cyprus, Pl. xi. opp. p. 114.]

772 (return)
[ In the museum of the Varvakeion. (See Perrot et Chipiez, Hist. de l’Art, iii. 782-785.)]

773 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 783, No. 550.]

774 (return)
[ Compare the author’s History of Ancient Egypt, i. 362.]

775 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, iii. 779, No. 548.]

776 (return)
[ See Ancient Monarchies, i. 392.]

777 (return)
[ See Clermont-Ganneau, Imagerie Phénicienne, p. xiii.]

778 (return)
[ See Clermont-Ganneau, Ima. Phénicienne, Pls. ii. iv. and vi. Compare Longpérier, Musée Napoléon III., Pl. x.; Di Cesnola, Cyprus, p. 329; Pl. xix. opp. p. 276; Perrot et Chipiez, Hist. de l’Art, iii. 777, 789; Nos. 547 and 552.]

779 (return)
[ Clermont-Ganneau, Pl. i. at end of volume; Perrot et Chipiez, iii. 759, No. 543.]

780 (return)
[ L’Imagerie Phénicienne, p. 8.]

781 (return)
[ Helbig, Bullettino dell’ Instituto di Corrispondenza archeologica, 1876, p. 127.]

782 (return)
[ L’Imagerie Phénicienne, p. 8.]

783 (return)
[ L’Imagerie Phénicienne, pp. xi, xiii, and 18-39.]

784 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 151.]

785 (return)
[ L’Imagerie Phénicienne, pp. 150-156. It is fatal to M. Clermont-Ganneau’s idea—1. That the hunter in the outer scene has no dog; 2. That the dress of the charioteer is wholly unlike that of the fugitive attacked by the dog; and 3. That M. Clermont-Ganneau’s explanation accounts in no way for the medallion’s central and main figure.]

786 (return)
[ “Les formes et les mouvements des chevaux sont indiqués avec beaucoup du sûreté et de justesse” (ibid. p. 6).]

787 (return)
[ So Mr. C. W. King in his appendix to Di Cesnola’s Cyprus, p. 387. He supports his view by Herod. vii. 69.]

788 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, iii. 632.]

789 (return)
[ Compare the cylinder of Darius Hystaspis (Ancient Monarchies, iii. 227) and another engraved on the same page.]

790 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, iii. 635, note.]

791 (return)
[ Proceedings of the Society of Bibl. Archæology for 1883—4, p. 16.]

792 (return)
[ See M. A. Di Cesnola’s Salaminia, Pls. xii. and xiii.]

793 (return)
[ See Perrot et Chipiez, iii. 639, No. 431.]

794 (return)
[ These fluttering ends of ribbon are very common in the Persian representations. See Ancient Monarchies, iii. 351.]

795 (return)
[ Ancient Monarchies, iii. pp. 203, 204, 208.]

796 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, Hist. de l’Art, iii. 630.]

797 (return)
[ Ibid. pp. 635-639. Green serpentine is the most usual material (C. W. King, in Di Cesnola’s Cyprus, p. 387).]

798 (return)
[ King, in Di Cesnola’s Cyprus, p. 388.]

799 (return)
[ Pl. xxxvi. a.]

7100 (return)
[ Di Cesnola, Cyprus, p. 277.]

7101 (return)
[ See De Vogüé’s Mélanges d’Archéologie Orientale, pl. v.]

7102 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, iii. 631.]

7103 (return)
[ See Di Cesnola’s Cyprus, pl. xxvi. (top line).]

7104 (return)
[ See Perrot et Chipiez, iii. 645.]

7105 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 646.]

7106 (return)
[ De Vogüé, Mélanges, p. 111.]

7107 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, Hist. de l’Art, iii. 651.]

7108 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 652.]

7109 (return)
[ See Di Cesnola, Cyprus, pl. xxxvi. fig. 8.]

7110 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, iii. 646.]