1237 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, p.
836; No. 604.]
1238 (return)
[ Di Cesnola, Cyprus,
pp. 311, 312.]
1239 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 312. Compare
Perrot et Chipiez, p. 835.]
1240 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez,
l.s.c. (No. 603.)]
1241 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, p.
818: “Il y a dans les formes de ces boucles d’orielles une étonnante
variété.”]
1242 (return)
[ See his Cyprus,
pl. xxv., and compare Perrot et Chipiez, iii. 819, fig. D.]
1243 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, p.
821; No. 577.]
1244 (return)
[ Ibid. Nos. 578, 579.]
1245 (return)
[ Di Cesnola, pl.
xxvi.]
1246 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, p.
823.]
1247 (return)
[ See Perrot et
Chipiez, iii. 822; No. 582.]
1248 (return)
[ Ibid. pp. 821, 822.
Compare Di Cesnola, Cyprus, p. 297, and pl. xxvii.]
1249 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, p.
823.]
1250 (return)
[ Di Cesnola, p. 310;
Perrot et Chipiez, p. 818; No. 574.]
1251 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, p.
818; No. 575.]
1252 (return)
[ Di Cesnola, pl.
xxviii.]
1253 (return)
[ Ibid. pl. xxi.]
1254 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez,
pp. 830, 831.]
1255 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez, p.
831; No. 595.]
1256 (return)
[ Di Csnola, p. 316.]
1257 (return)
[ Ibid. pl. xxi (opp.
p. 312).]
1258 (return)
[ Ibid. pl. xxx.]
1259 (return)
[ Ibid. pl. ix.]
1260 (return)
[ Compare Di Cesnola,
p. 149.]
1261 (return)
[ Ibid. pl. x.]
1262 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 77; Perrot
et Chipiez, iii. 783.]
1263 (return)
[ Di Cesnola, p. 149.]
1264 (return)
[ Ibid. pl. xiv.]
1265 (return)
[ Ibid. pl. x.]
1266 (return)
[ See Perrot et
Chipiez, iii. 769, 771, 789.]
1267 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez,
iii. 798.]
1268 (return)
[ C. W. King, in Di
Cesnola’s Cyprus, pp. 363, 364.]
1269 (return)
[ Mr. King says of it:
“No piece of antique worked agate hitherto known equals in magnitude and
curiosity the ornament discovered among the bronze and iron articles of
the treasure. It is a sphere about six inches in diameter, black
irregularly veined with white, having the exterior vertically scored with
incised lines, imitating, as it were, the gadroons of a melon” (ibid. p.
363).]
1270 (return)
[ Renan, Mission de
Phénicie, Pls. xii. xiii.; Di Cesnola, Cyprus, pls. iv. and
xxx.; and pp. 335, 336.]
1271 (return)
[ Perrot et Chipiez,
iii. 846-853.]
1272 (return)
[ 1 Kings xxii. 39.]
XIII—PHOENICIAN WRITING, LANGUAGE, AND LITERATURE
0131 (return)
[ This follows from the
fact that the Greeks, who tell us that they got their letters from the
Phoenicians, gave them names only slightly modified from the Hebrew.]
0132 (return)
[ See Dr. Ginsburg’s Moabite
Stone, published in 1870.]
0133 (return)
[ See Quarterly
Statement of the Palestine Exploration Fund for October 1881, pp.
285-287.]
0134 (return)
[ Corp. Ins. Semit.
i. 224-226.]
0135 (return)
[ Herod. v. 58; Diod.
Sic. v. 24; Plin. H. N. v. 12; vii. 56; Tacit. Ann. xi. 14;
Euseb. Chron. Can. i. 13; &c.]
0136 (return)
[ Capt. Conder, in the
Quarterly Statement of the Palestine Exploration Fund, Jan. 1889,
p. 17.]
0137 (return)
[ Encycl. Britann.
i. 600 and 606.]
0138 (return)
[ Conder, in Quarterly
Statement, &c. l.s.c.]
0139 (return)
[ See Gesenius, Mon.
Phoen. Tab. 19 and 20.]
1310 (return)
[ See the Corpus
Ins. Semit. i. 3, 30, 73, &c.; Gesenius, Mon. Phoen. Tab.
29-33.]
1311 (return)
[ See on this entire
subject Gesenius, Scripturæ Linguæque Phoeniciæ Monumenta, pp.
437-445; Movers, article on Phoenizien in the Cyclopädie of
Ersch and Gruber; Renan, Histoire des Langues Sémitiques, pp.
189-192.]
1312 (return)
[ Renan, Histoire,
&c., p. 186.]
1313 (return)
[ Philo Byblius, Fr.
i.]
1314 (return)
[ Philo Byblius, Fr.
ii. § 5-8.]
1315 (return)
[ Ibid. Fr. v.]
1316 (return)
[ The Voyage of
Hanno translated, and accompanied with the Greek Text, by Thomas
Falconer, M.A., London, 1797.]
1317 (return)
[ Quoted by Falconer in
his second “Dissertation,” p. 67.]
1318 (return)
[ See the Histoire
des Langues Sémitiques (p. 186):—“Les monuments épigraphiques
viennent heureusement combler en partie cette lacune.”]
1319 (return)
[ See the Corpus
Inscr. Semit. i. 13.]
1320 (return)
[ Corpus Inscr.
Semit. i. 20.]
1321 (return)
[ Story of Phoenicia,
p. 269.]
1322 (return)
[ On the age of
Jehavmelek, see M. Renan’s remarks in the Corpus Inscriptionum Semit.
i. 8.]
1323 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 3.]
1324 (return)
[ I have followed the
translation of M. Renan (Corp. Ins. Semit. i. 8).]
1325 (return)
[ See the Corpus
Inscr. Semit. i. 226-236.]
1326 (return)
[ See the Corp.
Inscr. Sem. i. 30-32.]
1327 (return)
[ Gesenius, Script.
Linguæque Phoen. Monumenta, p. 177.]
1328 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 96.]
1329 (return)
[ See the Corpus
Inscr. Semit. i. 36-39.]
1330 (return)
[ Ibid. pp. 110-112.]
1331 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 69.]
1332 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 76.]
1333 (return)
[ See the Corpus
Inscr. Semit. pp. 67, 68.]
1334 (return)
[ Gesenius, Scripturæ
Linguæque Phoen. Mon. p. 144.]
1335 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 147.]
1336 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 187.]
1337 (return)
[ See the fragments of
Dius and Menander, who followed the Tyrian historians (Joseph. Contr.
Ap. i. 18).]
1338 (return)
[ Ap. Strab. xvii. 2, §
22.]
1339 (return)
[ Ibid.]
1340 (return)
[ See Sallust, Bell.
Jugurth. § 17; Cic. De Orat. i. 58; Amm. Marc. xxii. 15; Solin.
Polyhist. § 34.]
1341 (return)
[ Columella, xii. 4.]
1342 (return)
[ Ibid. i. 1, § 6.]
1343 (return)
[ Plin. H. N.
xviii. 3.]
1344 (return)
[ As Antipater and
Apollonius, Stoic philosophers of Tyre (Strab. l.s.c.), Boëthus and
Diodotus, Peripatetics, of Sidon (ibid.), Philo of Byblus, Hermippus of
Berytus, and others.]
0141 (return)
[ Gen. x. 15-18.]
0142 (return)
[ “Canaanite” is used
in a much wider sence, including all the Syrian nations between the coast
line and the desert.]
0143 (return)
[ Mark vii. 26.]
0144 (return)
[ Ezra iii. 7.]
0145 (return)
[ 1 Kings v. 18
(marginal rendering).]
0146 (return)
[ Ezek. xxvii. 11.]
0147 (return)
[ Gen. x. 17, 18.]
0148 (return)
[ Judg. i. 31.]
0149 (return)
[ Brugsch, Hist. of
Egypt, i. 222, et seq.]
1410 (return)
[ See Records of the
Past, ii. 110, 111.]
1411 (return)
[ Josh. xi. 8; xix.
28.]
1412 (return)
[ Judg. xviii. 7, 8.]
1413 (return)
[ Ibid. i. 31.]
1414 (return)
[ Ramantha (Laodicea)
in later times claimed the rank of “Metropolis,” which implied a supremacy
over other cities; but the real chief power of the north was Aradus.]
1415 (return)
[ Hom. Il.
xxiii. 743.]
1416 (return)
[ Ibid. 743-748.]
1417 (return)
[ Hom. Od. iv.
613-619.]
1418 (return)
[ Ibid. xv. 460
(Worsley’s translation).]
1419 (return)
[ Hom. Il. vi.
290-295 (Sotheby’s translation).]
1420 (return)
[ Scylax, Periplus,
§ 104.]
1421 (return)
[ Cl. Julius, quoted by
Stephen of Byzantium, ad voc. {DOROS}.]
1422 (return)
[ Justin, Hist.
Philipp. xviii. 3.]
1423 (return)
[ Strab. xvi. ii. §
13.]
1424 (return)
[ Appian, De Rebus
Punicus, § 1, &c.]
1425 (return)
[ Gesenius, Mon.
Phoen. p. 267.]
1426 (return)
[ The Sidonian vessel
which carries off Eumæus quits the Sicilian haven after sunset, and
continues its voyage night and day without stopping—{’Exemar men
onos pleomen nuktas te kai e mar} (Hom. Od. xv. 471-476).]
1427 (return)
[ Strabo, xvi. 2, §
24.]
1428 (return)
[ Ibid.]
1429 (return)
[ Manilius, i.
304-309.]
1430 (return)
[ Herod. i. 1.]
1431 (return)
[ See Hom. Odyss.
xv. 455.]
1432 (return)
[ Herod. l.s.c.]
1433 (return)
[ Hom. Odyss.
xv. 403-484.]
1434 (return)
[ Strabo, xvi. 2, §
14.]
1435 (return)
[ We find hereditary
monarchy among the Hittites (Records of the Past, iv. 28), at Tyre
(Menand. ap. Joseph. Contr. Ap. i. 18), in Moab (Records,
xi. 167), in Judah and Israel, in Syria (2 Kings, xiii. 24), in Ammon (2
Sam. x. 1), &c.]
1436 (return)
[ 1 Sam. viii. 20.]
1437 (return)
[ When kings are
priests, it is noted as exceptional. (See Menand. l.s.c.; Inscription
of Tabnit, line 1.)]
1438 (return)
[ Judg. x. 12.]
1439 (return)
[ Kenrick, Phoenicia,
p. 343.]
1440 (return)
[ Josh. xix. 29.]
1441 (return)
[ Records of the
Past, ii. 111.]
1442 (return)
[ Justin, Hist.
Phil. xviii. 3.]
1443 (return)
[ Claudian, Bell.
Gild. l. 120.]
1444 (return)
[ Solinus, Polyhist.
§ 29; Plin. H. N. v. 76.]
1445 (return)
[ Herod. i. 1
({nautiliai makrai}).]
1446 (return)
[ Maspero, Histoire
Ancienne des Peuples de l’Orient, p. 321.]
1447 (return)
[ See the fragments of
Philo Byblius, passim.]
1448 (return)
[ Euseb. Præp. Ev.
x. 9, § 12.]
1449 (return)
[ Tatian, Adv. Græc.
§ 58.]
1450 (return)
[ Cinyras and Belus are
both connected with Cyprus as kings. The Assyrians found kings there in
all the cities (G. Smith, Eponym Canon. p. 139). So the Persians
(Herod. v. 104-110).]
1451 (return)
[ Dius, Fr. 2; Menand.
Fr. 1.]
1452 (return)
[ Justin (xviii. 3) is
scarcely an exception.]
1453 (return)
[ See the fragments of
Dius and Menander above cited.]
1454 (return)
[ 1 Chr. xiv. 1.]
1455 (return)
[ 2 Sam. vii. 2.]
1456 (return)
[ 1 Chr. xxii. 4.]
1457 (return)
[ 1 Kings v. 1.]
1458 (return)
[ Joseph, Ant. Jud.
viii. 2, § 6; 1 Kings, l.s.c.]
1459 (return)
[ Ibid. viii. 2, § 8.]
1460 (return)
[ See Joseph. Ant.
Jud. viii. 2, § 7, and compare the letters with their Hebrew
counterparts in 1 Kings v. 3-6 and 7-9.]
1461 (return)
[ 1 Kings v. 10-12.]
1462 (return)
[ Ezek. xxvii. 17; Acts
xii. 20.]
1463 (return)
[ Menander, Fr. 1.]
1464 (return)
[ 1 Kings v. 15, 18; 2
Chr. ii. 18.]
1465 (return)
[ 1 Kings v. 17, 18.]
1466 (return)
[ Ibid. vi. 18, 29.]
1467 (return)
[ Ibid. verses 23-28.]
1468 (return)
[ Ibid. verse 35.]
1469 (return)
[ 2 Chron. iii. 14.]
1470 (return)
[ Ibid. ii. 14.]
1471 (return)
[ 1 Kings vii. 13.]
1472 (return)
[ 1 Kings vii. 14; 2
Chron. ii. 14.]
1473 (return)
[ 1 Kings vii. 46.]
1474 (return)
[ Menander, Fr. 1;
Dius, Fr. 2; Philostrat. Vit. Apoll. v. 5; Sil. Ital. Bell. Pun.
iii. 14, 22, 30.]
1475 (return)
[ 1 Kings vii. 15-22.]
1476 (return)
[ Ibid. verses 27-37.]
1477 (return)
[ Ibid. vi. 38.]
1478 (return)
[ Ibid. vii. 1. Compare
ix. 10.]
1479 (return)
[ Stanley, Lectures
on the Jewish Church, ii. 165-167.]
1480 (return)
[ See the Fragment of
Menander above quoted, where Hiram is said to have been fifty-three years
old at his decease, and to have reigned thirty-four years.]
1481 (return)
[ Strabo, xvi. 2, §
23.]
1482 (return)
[ Menander, l.s.c.]
1483 (return)
[ So M. Renan, Mission
de Phénicie, p. 369.]
1484 (return)
[ Herod. ii. 44.]
1485 (return)
[ Arrian, Exped.
Alex. ii. 16, 24.]
1486 (return)
[ So M. Renan, after
careful examination (Mission, l.s.c.). The earlier opinion placed
the smaller island, with its Temple of Baal, towards the north (Kenrick,
Phoenicia, p. 347).]
1487 (return)
[ Menander, l.s.c.]
1488 (return)
[ Arrian, Exp. Alex.
ii. 23, sub fin.]
1489 (return)
[ Josh. xix. 27.]
1490 (return)
[ See Robinson, Later
Researches, pp. 87, 88.]
1491 (return)
[ 1 Kings ix. 10-13.]
1492 (return)
[ Justin, Dial. c.
Tryph. § 34.]
1493 (return)
[ Menand. ap. Clem.
Alex. Strom. i. 386.]
1494 (return)
[ 1 Kings xi. 1.]
1495 (return)
[ Ibid. ix. 27.]
1496 (return)
[ See 1 Kings x. 22.
The distinctness of this navy from the one which brought gold from Ophir
has been maintained by Dean Stanley (Lectures on the Jewish Church,
ii. 156) and the Rev. J. Hammond (Pulpit Commentary, Comment on 1
Kings, p. 213), as well as by the present writer (Speaker’s Commentary,
ii. pp. 545, 546).]
1497 (return)
[ Mela. iii. 1; Plin.
H. N. iv. 22, § 115; Catull. xx. 30, &c.]
1498 (return)
[ See Plin. H. N.
iii. 3; xxxiii. 6; Polyb. x. 10; Strab. iii. 2, § 3 and 10.]
1499 (return)
[ Herod. iv. 191; Plin.
H. N. viii. 11.]
14100 (return)
[ Hanno, Periplus,
p. 6.]
14101 (return)
[ Ibid. pp. 13, 14.]
14102 (return)
[ 1 Kings ix. 26.]
14103 (return)
[ 1 Kings x. 11.]
14104 (return)
[ The case is
excellently stated in Mr. Twistleton’s article on OPHIR in Dr. Smith’s Dictionry
of the Bible, vol. ii.]
14105 (return)
[ As almug or
algum which is “the Hebraised form of a Deccan word for sandalwood”
(Stanley, Lectures, ii. 157).]
14106 (return)
[ 1 Kings ix. 28.]
14107 (return)
[ Contr. Ap.
i. 18.]
14108 (return)
[ Kenrick argues in
favour of {Kitioi} (Phoenicia, p. 357).]
14109 (return)
[ See Encycl.
Britann. ad voc. PHOENICIA, xviii. 807.]
14110 (return)
[ Menander, Fr. 2.]
14111 (return)
[ Ibid.]
14112 (return)
[ 1 Kings xvi. 31.]
14113 (return)
[ The Assyrians
probably found their way into Phoenicia through the gap in the mountain
line between Bargylus and Lebanon. Botrys occupied a strong position
between this gap and the southern Phoenician cities, Gebal, Sidon, and
Tyre.]
14114 (return)
[ Menander, l.s.c.
Aüza, which at a later date became Auzen, is mentioned by Tacitus (Ann.
iv. 25) and Ptolemy (Geograph. iv. 2).]
14115 (return)
[ The Greek lamda,
{L}, readily passes into delta {D}. Baal-azar is found as a
Phoenician name in an inscription (Corp. Ins. Semit. i. 335, no.
256).]
14116 (return)
[ See Gesen. Mon.
Phoen. p. 410. Mattan, “a gift,” was the name borne by
Athaliah’s high priest of Baal (2 Kings xi. 18). It is found as an element
in several Phoenician names, as Mattan-elim (Corp. Ins. Semit. i.
298, no. 194); Mattan-Baal (ibid. p. 309, no. 212), &c.]
14117 (return)
[ See Justin, Hist.
Phil. xviii. 5.]
14118 (return)
[ Menander, Fr. 1.]
14119 (return)
[ Kenrick, Phoenicia,
pp. 363-367.]
14120 (return)
[ Contr. Ap.
i. 18.]
14121 (return)
[ Ancient
Monarchies, ii. 84-89.]
14122 (return)
[ Histoire
Ancienne, pp. 347, 348.]
14123 (return)
[ Ancient
Monarchies, ii. 90-99.]
14124 (return)
[ Ancient
Monarchies, ii. 102-106; Eponym Canon, pp. 108-114.]
14125 (return)
[ Eponym Canon,
p. 112, l. 45.]
14126 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 108, l.
93.]
14127 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 115, l.
14.]
14128 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 120, ll.
33-35.]
14129 (return)
[ When Assyria became
mistress of the Upper Syria, the Orontes valley, and the kingdom of
Israel, she could have strangled the Phoenician land commerce at a
moment’s notice.]
14130 (return)
[ Is. xxiii. 2-8.]
14131 (return)
[ Eponym Canon,
p. 64.]
14132 (return)
[ Eponym Canon,
pp. 117-120.]
14133 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 123, ll.
1-5.]
14134 (return)
[ Ibid. p. 120, l.
28.]
14135 (return)
[ In B.C. 720. (See
Eponym Canon, p. 126, ll. 33-35.)]
14136 (return)
[ Ezek. xxviii. 14.]
14137 (return)
[ Menander ap.
Joseph. Ant. Jud. ix. 14, § 2; Eponym Canon, p. 131.]
14138 (return)
[ Eponym Canon,
p. 132.]
14139 (return)
[ Menander, l.s.c.]
14140 (return)
[ Joseph, Ant.
Jud. l.s.c. {’Epelthe polemon ten te Surian pasan kai Phoiniken}.]
14141 (return)
[ Ibid.]
14142 (return)
[ A slab of
Sennacherib’s represents the Assyrian army entering a city, probably
Phoenician, at one end, while the inhabitants embark on board their ships
at the other (Layard, Monuments of Nineveh, 1st series, pl. 71; Nin.
and its Remains, ii. 384).]
14143 (return)
[ Menander, l.s.c.]
14144 (return)
[ Compare Perrot et
Chipiez, Hist. de l’Art, iii. 357, and Lortet, La Syrie
d’aujourd’hui, p. 128.]
14145 (return)
[ Menander, ut
supra.]
14146 (return)
[ This folows from
his taking refuge there when attacked by Sennacherib (Eponym Canon,
p. 136).]
14147 (return)
[ Since Sennacherib
calls him persistently “king of Sidon” (ibid. p. 131, l. 2; p. 135, ll.
13, 17), not king of Tyre.]
14148 (return)
[ It was the same
army which lost 185,000 men by miracle in one night (2 Kings xix. 35).]
14149 (return)
[ 2 Kings xix. 23.]
14150 (return)
[ Eponym Canon,
p. 134, l. 11.]
14151 (return)
[ Records of the
Past, i. 35.]