655 Nachtigal, Sahara und Sudan, I, 684 ff.
656 Paulitschke, Ethnog. Nordost-Afr., I, 260; II, 139.
657 JAI, XXII, 101.
658 Mit Emin Pascha, 186.
659 Cen. Afr., 111.
660 Ratzel, I, 449.
661 Ibid., 57.
662 Pinkerton's Voy., XVI, 885.
663 Ellis, Tshi-speaking Peoples, 285.
664 Ibid., 290.
665 Ellis, Tshi-speaking Peoples, 294.
666 Pommerol, Une Femme chez les Sahariennes, 194; cf. Junker, Afrika, III, 477.
667 Ibid., 201.
668 Ling Roth, Sarawak, II, 215.
669 Kingsley, Travels in West Africa, 497; West Afr. Stud., 479.
670 Serpa Pinto, Como Eu Atravassei Afr., I, 116.
671 In's Land der Maschukalumbe, I, 536.
672 Ztsft. f. Ethnol., VI, 472.
673 Fritsch, Eingeb. Süd-Afr., 364.
674 Smithson. Rep., 1891, 524. Cf. Hostmann, De Beschaving van Negers in Amer., I, Chap. IV.
675 Smithson. Rep., 1891, 525.
676 Ibid., 520.
677 Ibid., 532.
678 Bur. Ethnol., XIV, 35.
679 Smithson. Rep., 1891, 528.
680 Ibid., 1887, Part II, 331.
681 U. S. Nat. Mus., 1888, 252 ff.
682 Strong, Wakeenah, 126.
683 Bur. Ethnol., III, 81.
684 Nadaillac, Prehist. America, 313.
685 Bancroft, Native Races, II, 217-223.
686 Brinton, Nagualism, 28 note.
687 See Hamilton, The Panis, an Histor. Outline of Canadian Indian Slavery in the 18th cent., Proc. Canad. Instit., Toronto, 1897, n.s., I, 19-27.
688 Koch, Die Guaikuru-Stämme, Globus, LXXXI, 44.
689 Koch (p. 45) says that they become free and set up prosperous households.
690 Spix and Martius, Brasil., II, 73; v. Martius, Ethnog. Brasiliens, 71.
691 Varnhagen, Hist. Geral do Brasil, I, 115, 178, 181, 269, 273.
692 v. Martius, 72.
693 Varnhagen, Hist. do Brasil, I, 431; v. Martius, 131.
694 Caduvei, I, 100.
695 Voice for South Amer., XIII, 201.
696 Melanesians, 346.
697 Völkerkunde, II, 279.
698 JAI, XXVI, 400.
699 Samoafahrten, 170.
700 Lewin, Wild Races of S. E. India, 85.
701 Lewin, Wild Races of S. E. India, 86.
702 Ibid., 91.
703 Carey and Tuck, The Chin Hills, I, 203 ff.
704 Schmidt, Ceylon, 273.
705 Raap in Globus, LXXXIII, 174.
706 Marsden, Sumatra, 252.
707 Wilken in Bijdragen tot T. L. en V.-kunde, XL, 175.
708 Bock, Reis in Borneo, 9, 78, 94.
709 Ibid., 92.
710 JAI, XIII, 15.
711 Ling Roth, Sarawak, II, 209.
712 Ibid., 209.
713 Ibid., 213.
714 JAI, XIII, 417.
715 Schwaner, Borneo, I, 205.
716 Ibid., II, 149.
717 Ling Roth, Sarawak, CLXXXV; JAI, XXII, 32.
718 Perelaer, Dajaks, 153.
719 Perelaer, Dajaks, 155.
720 Volkenkunde, 423.
721 JAI, XVI, 142.
722 Williams, Middle Kingdom, I, 413.
723 Ibid., 277.
724 Medhurst in China Br., RAS, IV, 17
725 Web of Indian Life, 69.
726 Hearn, Japan, 256, 258, 353.
727 Winckler, Gesetze Ham., 21.
728 Laws 15 and 16.
729 Kohler und Peiser, Aus d. Babyl. Rechtsleben, IV, 47. Cf. I, 1 and II, 6.
730 Ibid., I, 1.
731 Levit. xxv. 39.
732 Nehem. v. 5.
733 Exod. xxi. 16.
734 Exod. xxi.
735 Exod. xxii. 2.
736 Levit. xxv. 49; Buhl, Soc. Verhält. d. Israel., 35, 106.
737 Deut. xv. 12-18; Exod. xxi. 2 ff.; Levit. xxv. 39-46.
738 Od., XVII, 322.
739 Ibid., XV, 403.
740 Buchholz, Homer. Realien, II, 63.
741 Beloch, Griech. Gesch., I, 469.
742 De Repub., I, 309.
743 De Legibus, VI, 376.
744 Polit., I, ii, 7; Nich. Ethics, VIII, 10.
745 Polit., I, 2.
746 Drumann, Arbeiter und Communisten, 155.
747 Bender, Rom, 150, 159.
748 Livy, XLI, 28, 8.
749 Plutarch, Ti. Gracchus, 8.
750 Aufstände d. Unfreien Arbeiter, 36.
751 Livy, XXVII, 16; XXVIII, 9; XXXI, 21.
752 De Agri Cultura, 2, 7; Plutarch, Cato, 5; Schmidt, Société Civile dans le Monde Romain, 93.
753 Plutarch, Crassus, 9; Appianus, I, c. 120.
754 Dion. Halic., V, 51; X, 16; Livy, III, 15.
755 Livy, IV, 45.
756 Ibid., XXXII, 36.
757 Neumann, Gesch. Roms, I, 382.
758 Bücher, Aufstände d. Unfreien Arbeiter, 31.
759 Ibid., 45.
760 XXXIV, frag. 2, 8-11.
761 Bücher, 52.
762 Ibid., 56.
763 Rossbach, Röm. Ehe, 23; Plutarch, Coriolanus.
764 Wallon, L'Esclavage, I, 406; II, 262.
765 Plutarch, Sulla, 9.
766 Livy, XXII, 57.
767 Plutarch, Marius, 35.
768 Grupp, Kulturgesch. der Röm. Kaiserzeit, I, 306.
769 Ibid., 271.
770 Dezobry, Rome au Siècle d'Auguste, I, 260.
771 Wallon, L'Esclavage, III, Chap. X.
772 Annals, XIII, 26.
773 Moreau-Christophe, Droit à l'Oisiveté, 257.
774 Seneca, De Ira, III, 40.
775 Tacitus, Annals, XIV, 42.
776 Bücher, Aufstände, 17.
777 Blair, Slavery amongst the Romans, 164.
778 Ibid., 32.
779 Ibid., 48.
780 Digest, I, 1, 4.
781 Ibid., L, 17, 32.
782 Dill, Nero to M. Aurel., 117.
783 Ibid., 251-252.
784 Dill, Nero to M. Aurel., 253.
785 Grupp, Kulturgesch. der Röm. Kaiserzeit, I, 312-314.
786 Ibid., 301.
787 Dill, Nero to M. Aurel., 100.
788 Ibid., 102.
789 Dill, Nero to M. Aurel., 105.
790 Ibid., 94.
791 Ibid., 106.
792 Dill, Nero to M. Aurel., 114-116.
793 Ibid., 112.
794 Orat., X, 13; XV, 5.
795 Dill, Nero to M. Aurel., 182.
796 Ibid., 117.
797 Digest, III, tit. 4, 1.
798 Dill, 265.
799 Ibid., 254, 266, 268.
800 Ibid., 271.
801 Dill, 282.
802 Instit., I, 8; Digest, I, 6, 2.
803 Wallon, L'Esclavage, III, 51 ff.
804 Eur. Morals, II, 65.
805 Muratori (Dissert. XV) thinks that all ecclesiastics were bound not to allow the income of their places to be reduced during their tenancy. This duty set their attitude to slavery.
806 Roman Society in the Last Century of Rome, 161.
807 Cod. Theod., IX, 9.
808 Bodin, Republic, Book I, Chap. V.
809 Lecky, Eur. Morals, II, 64.
810 Cod. Theod., II, 25.
811 Lecky, Eur. Morals, II, 65.
812 Sentent., lib. III, cap. 47.
813 Marquardt, Röm. Staatsverwaltung, II, 233.
814 Ibid., 234.
815 Entstehung des Colonats, 11.
816 L'Esclavage, III, 282.
817 Ibid., 313.
818 Ibid., 308.
819 Suetonius, Vespas., 1.
820 Jul. Capitol., M. Aurel., 22.
821 Herodianus, II, 4, sec. 12.
822 Cod. Just., XI, LVIII.
823 Vopisc., Aurelian, 48.
824 Am. Marcel., XXVIII, 5.
825 Moreau-Christophe, Le Droit à l'Oisiveté, 274.
826 Rodbertus, Hildeb. Ztsft., II, 241.
827 Colonat, 67.
828 Ibid., 63.
829 Hildeb. Ztsft., 206.
830 Colonat, 143.
831 Hom. on Matthew, 62; Migne, Patrol. Graec., LVIII, 591.
832 Cook, Fathers of Jesus, II, 25.
833 Achelis, Virg. Subintrod., 29-31.