268. Ibid., 76.
272. Below, p. 258, last line, and 260.
257, 273. Guide II, Introduction.
260, 274. Ibid., ch. 1.
261, 275. Ch. 36.
262, 276. Ch. 46.
264, 277. Ibid., chs. 51-53.
265, 278. Chs. 55-58.
279. Ch. 61.
268, 280. See Munk, Guide des Égarés II, p. 69, note 1.
281. Guide II, chs. 3-6.
271, 282. Chs. 13-18.
272, 283. Munk understands the preceding sentence differently. See his edition, vol. II, p. 157, note 2.
274, 284. Guide II, chs. 19-25.
281, 285. Ibid., chs. 32-48.
286. III, ch. 8.
282, 287. "Eight Chapters," ch. 1.
285, 288. Ibid., chs. 2-5.
289. Ch. 7.
288, 290. Ch. 8.
289, 291. Guide III, chs. 10-12.
290, 292. Ibid., ch. 16.
292, 293. Ibid., chs. 17-18.
294, 294. Ibid., chs. 19-21.
295. Ibid., chs. 26 and 31.
295, 296. Ibid., ch. 27.
297. Ibid., ch. 50.
298, 298. Ibid., chs. 29-50.
299, 299. Ibid., ch. 54.
304, 300. Ibid., II, ch. 30.
301. Ibid., III, chs. 1-7.
302. See Munk, Le Guide des Égarés, III, p. 8, note.
303. Ibid.
304. Guide III, chs. 22-23.
305, 305. See Kaufmann, Der Führer Maimûnis in der Weltliteratur in Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie XI (1898) p. 314 f.; reprinted in Kaufmann's Gesammelte Schriften, ed. Brann, Frankfurt a. M., 1910, p. 158 f.
306. See Jourdain, Recherches critiques sur l'âge et l'origine des traductions Latines d'Aristote, 2nd ed., Paris, 1843. German transl. by Stahr, Halle, 1831.
305, 307. Augustine, De Civitate Dei, Book VIII, ch. 5, "Nulli nobis quam isti [sc., Platonici] propius accesserunt"; ch. 9, "Platonem de Deo ista sensisse, quae multum congruere veritati nostrae religionis agnoscunt."
306, 308. See Mandonnet, Siger de Brabant et l'Averroïsme Latin au XIIIme Siècle, Louvain, 1911, chs. 1-2; Isaac Husik, An Anonymous Medieval Christian Critic of Maimonides, Jewish Quarterly Review, New Series, vol. II, Phila. 1911, p. 159 ff.
309. See J. Perles, "Die in einer Münchener Handschrift aufgefundene erste lateinische Uebersetzung des Maimonidischen Führers", in Monatschrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judenthums, XXIV (1875), p. 9 ff.
307, 310. See M. Joel, Verhältniss Albert des Grossen zu Moses Maimonides, Breslau, 1876, in M. Joel, Beiträge zur Geschichte der Philosophie, Breslau, 1876. J. Guttmann, Das Verhältniss des Thomas von Aquino zum Judenthum und zur jüdischen Literatur, Göttingen, 1891; id., Die Scholastik des dreizehnten Jahrhunderts in ihren Beziehungen zum Judenthum und zur jüdischen Literatur, Breslau, 1902; id., Der Einfluss der Maimonidischen Philosophie auf das christliche Abendland, in "Moses ben Maimon," vol. I, Leipzig, 1908.
308, 311. See Graetz, History of the Jews, index volume, s. v., "Maimunist Controversy."
309, 312. Published by M. L. Bisliches, Pressburg, 1837.
312a. Edited by W. Bacher under the title "Sefer Musar," Berlin, 1910.
313. Published by the "Mekize Nirdamim" Society, Lyck, 1866.
310, 314. Published by Munk in Mélanges de Philosophie Juive et Arabe, Paris, 1859.
315. Published by Bisliches, Pressburg, 1837.
316. See Munk, Mélanges, p. 494, note 1; H. Malter, Shem Tob Palquera, in Jewish Quarterly Review, new series, vol. I, pp. 151-181, 451-501.
317. Published by Werbluner, Josephi Kaspi ... Commentaria hebraica in R. Mosis Maimonides Tractatum Dalalat al Haiirin, Frankfurt a. M., 1848.
318. Edited by Goldenthal, Wien, 1852.
311, 319. The English reader will also find a good deal of material in the pages of the Jewish Encyclopedia under the names of the translators and writers above mentioned.
313, 320. Guide I, ch. 74, 7th proof, end.
314, 321. Published by the "Mekize Nirdamim," Lyck, 1874.
315, 322. Tagm. Hanef. 1.
317, 323. Ibid., 1b-7b. The definition occurs, p. 7b, ll. 28 ff.
318, 324. Ibid., 8a.
319, 325. Ibid., 8a-10a.
322, 326. Ibid., 10a-13b.
323, 327. Ibid., 13b-19b.
324, 328. Ibid., 20a-21b.
326, 329. Ibid., 21b-24b.
330. Ibid., 24.
327, 331. Ibid., 25a-32.
328, 331a. See Heimann Auerbach, Albalag und seine Uebersetzung des Makâsid al-Gazzalis, Breslau, 1906, p. vii f.; Guttmann, Die Stellung des Simon ben Zemach Duran in der Geschichte der jüdischen Religionsphilosophie in Monatschrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judenthums, vol. LVII (1913), p. 184 f.
328, 332. See Maywald, Die Lehre von der zweifachen Wahrheit, Berlin, 1871; Mandonnet, Siger de Brabant et l'Averroïsme Latin au XIIIme Siècle, Louvain, 1911, vol. 1, p. 148 ff.
329, 333. First edition, Riva di Trento, 1560; modern edition, Leipzig, 1866. The references in the sequel are to the Leipzig edition.
334. See Husik, Judah Messer Leon's Commentary on the "Vetus Logica," Leyden, 1906, p. 11.
335. See Joel, Lewi ben Gerson als Religionsphilosoph, Breslau, 1862, p. 9f. (in M. Joel, Beiträge zur Geschichte der Philosophie, Breslau, 1876).
330, 336. Introduction to Gersonides' commentary on the Pentateuch.
337. Introduction to "Milhamot Adonai," pp. 6-7.
331, 338. Milhamot I, ch. 14, p. 91.
339. Ibid., Introduction, p. 8.
336, 340. I, chs. 1-4, pp. 12-35.
337, 341. Ibid., ch. 5, pp. 35-36.
339, 342. Ch. 6, pp. 36-48.
340, 343. Ibid., chs. 10-12, pp. 61-88.
342, 344. Milhamot II, chs. 1-2, pp. 92-98.
345. Ibid., chs. 3, 5 and 6, pp. 98 f., 104, 111 f.
344, 346. Milhamot III, ch. 3, p. 132.
345, 347. III, chs. 1-6, pp. 120-150.
349, 348. IV, chs. 1-7, pp. 151-187.
350, 349. V, 3, ch. 6, p. 264 f.
351, 350. Ibid., chs. 4-6, pp. 247-264.
352, 351. Ch. 12, pp. 278-285.
354, 352. VI, 1, chs. 1-9, pp. 293-328.
353. Ibid., chs. 10-13, pp. 328-353; ch. 15, p. 356 f.
355, 354. Ch. 16, pp. 359-361.
357, 355. Chs. 17-28, pp. 362-416.
356. VI, 2, ch. 1, p. 419.
358, 357. VI, 2, chs. 1-8, pp. 418-441.
360, 358. Ibid., chs. 9-12, pp. 441-460.
359. Chs. 13-14, pp. 460-463.
363, 360. Published by Delitzsch and Steinschneider, Leipzig, 1841.
364, 361. Ez Hayim, p. 4.
366, 362. E. H., pp. 3-5.
367, 363. p. 15, l. 6 f., also p. 18, l. 10 f.
364. Ch. 4, pp. 12-13, l. 24.
368, 365. Ch. 9, pp. 26-27.
369, 366. p. 17, l. 16.
367. p. 33.
372, 368. Chs. 66-72, pp. 80-89.
369. Ch. 75, pp. 93-96.
373, 370. Chs. 76-78, pp. 96-99.
375, 371. Chs. 79-81, pp. 100-107.
376, 372. Chs. 82-89, pp 107-133.
377, 373. Ch. 89, pp. 133-136.
378, 374. "Guide" III, 24.
379, 375. Ez Hayim, ch. 90, pp. 136-144.
376. "Guide" III, chs. 12, 13, 25 end.
380, 377. Ez Hayim, ch. 94, pp. 149-154.
382, 378. Chs. 96-100, pp. 160-176.
379. Chs. 101-102, pp. 177-181.
380. Ez Hayim, pp. 116-117.
383, 381. Ch. 103, pp. 181-185.
384, 382. Chs. 104-105, pp. 185-187.
385, 383. Ch. 106, p. 187 ff.; ch. 109, p. 194 ff.
384. Chs. 107-108.
387, 385. Chs. 110-112.
389, 386. Ed. Ferara, 1556 (no pagination).
390, 387. "Or Adonai," Introduction, pp. 6-7 (not numbered).
391, 388. Book I, sections 1-2.
389. Ibid., section 3, ch. 2.
390. Ibid., ch. 3.
392, 391. Ibid.
392. Ibid., ch. 4.
393, 393. Book II, section I.
395, 394. Ibid., section 2.
395. Section 3.
396. Section 4.
398, 397. Section 5.
398. See M. Joel, "Don Chasdai Creskas' religionsphilosophische Lehren," Breslau, 1866 (in M. Joel, Beiträge zur Geschichte der Philosophie, Breslau, 1876), p. 54 f.
402, 399. Or Adonai, II, section 6.
400. Ibid., III, introduction.
403, 401. Ibid., section 1.
404, 402. Section 3.
405, 403. Section 4.
406, 403a. Simon ben Zemach Duran (1361-1444). He was a relative of Gersonides, a Rabbinical authority, and the author of a scientific and philosophical work, entitled "Magen Abot." Unlike his more distinguished relative, Simon Duran was opposed to the extreme views adopted by such men as Albalag, Moses of Narbonne or Gersonides himself, and favored a return to the more moderate standpoint of Maimonides. Without laying any claim to originality his work shows wide reading and familiarity with the scientific and philosophic literature of the time. See Guttmann, "Die Stellung des Simon ben Zemach Duran in der Geschichte der jüdischen Religionsphilosophie," in Monatschrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judenthums, vol. 52 (1908), pp. 641-672, vol. 53 (1909), pp. 46-97, 199-228. From Guttmann's investigations it appears that Albo cannot claim any originality even for the reduction of the fundamental dogmas of Judaism to three. The first part of the "Ikkarim" turns out to be a compilation from Crescas and Duran, and is no more original than the rest of the book. When we consider that though he owes the central point of his contribution to Duran, Albo never mentions him, the charge of plagiarism brought against him is not far from justified. See below, p. 407.
407, 404. ביטול עקרי הנוצרים, published by Ephraim Deinard, Carney, N. J., 1904. The work was originally composed in Spanish, and was translated into Hebrew by Joseph Ibn Shemtob.
404a. See also note 403a.
408, 405. ספר העקרים, ed. Warsaw, 1877, pp. 13-14.
406. Ibid., pp. 14-17.
409, 407. pp. 21-25.
408. In the introduction to his commentary on the eleventh chapter of the Mishnic treatise Sanhedrin (chapter Helek).
410, 409. Crescas; cf. above, p. 392.
410. Ikkarim, I, ch. 3, pp. 25-31.
411, 411. Chs. 4-7, pp. 31-39.
412, 412. Ch. 8, pp. 39-46.
413. Ch. 9, pp. 46-48.
413, 414. Chs. 10-11, pp. 48-58.
415. Ch. 12, pp. 58-60.
416. Chs. 13 and 15, pp. 60-61 and 64-68.
414, 417. Ch. 14, pp. 61-64.
415, 418. Ch. 17, pp. 7-76.
419. Ch. 18, pp. 76-78.
416, 420. Ch. 23, pp. 84-86.
418, 421. Ch. 24, pp. 87-90.
422. Ch. 25, pp. 90-92.
419, 423. Ch. 26, p. 93.
424. Book II, chs. 4-5, pp. 107-114.
425. Ibid., ch. 7, pp. 117-118.
420, 426. Chs. 8-10, pp. 118-125.
427. Chs. 11-13, pp. 125-140.
428. Ch. 12, pp. 129-133.
421, 429. Book III, chs. 1-5, pp. 197-214.
430. Chs. 6-7, pp. 214-218.
423, 431. Chs. 8-11, pp. 218-228.
424, 432. Chs. 13-20, pp. 229-246.
433. Book IV, chs. 1-6, pp. 279-294.
425, 434. Chs. 7-15, pp. 294-313.
427, 435. Chs. 29-35, pp. 338-356.
429, 436. See Guttmann "Die Familie Schemtob in ihren Beziehungen zur Philosophie," Monatschrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judenthums, vol. 57 (1913), p. 177 ff.
437. See Guttmann as in preceding note.
438. See preceding note.
430, 439. See note 436.
440. See Jewish Encyclopedia s. v.
441. J. E. s. v.
431, 442. See Zimmels, "Leo Hebraeus, ein jüdischer Philosoph der Renaissance," Leipzig, 1886; Appel, "Leone Medigos Lehre vom Weltall und ihr Verhältniss zu griechischen und zeitgenössischen Anschauungen," in Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie, vol. XX, pp. 387-400, 496-520; Munk, Mélanges, pp. 522-528.
443. Husik, "Judah Messer Leon's Commentary on the Vetus Logica," Leyden, 1906.
444. Jewish Encyclopedia, s. v.
Bible
Genesis: 1, 1, p. 110;
1, 2, p. 118;
1, 3, p. 120;
1, 6, p. 118;
1, 9, p. 121;
1, 11, p. 121;
1, 21, p. 121;
1, 25, p. 121;
1, 26, pp. 121, 268;
1, 27, pp. 94, 121;
1, 28, p. 121;
2, 7, p. 121, 214;
2, 19, p. 121;
6, 6, p. 227;
8, 21, p. 102;
11, 7, p. 268;
14, 22, p. 369;
ch. 15, p. 280;
15, 4, p. 280;
15, 12 ff., p. 225;
18, 10, p. 340;
27, 34-41, p. 74;
28, 13, p. 94;
28, 20, p. 105;
36, 31, p. 295.
Exodus: 2, 13, p. 232;
2, 17, p. 232;
3, 14, p. 95;
5, 2, p. 160;
7, 3, pp. xiv, 42;
9, 12, p. 74;
15, 26, p. 403;
20, 2, pp. 194, 233;
20, 11-12, p. 233;
20, 17, p. 83;
20, 35, p. 409;
22, 26, p. 74;
23, 21, p. 109;
24, 10, p. 167;
33, 11, p. 381;
33, 13, p. 243;
33, 23, p. 37;
34, 6, p. 233.
Leviticus: 19, 17, p. 83;
19, 18, p. 83.
Numbers: 10, 8, p. 227;
12, 8, p. 167;
15, 39, p. 83;
23, 10, p. 170.
Deuteronomy: 2, 30, p. xiv;
4, 15, pp. 35, 95;
4, 39, pp. 84, 115, 220;
6, 4, p. 74;
13, 1, pp. 382, 423;
15, 7, p. 83;
17, 15, p. 295;
30, 15, p. 286;
30, 19, pp. xiv, 41, 286;
31, 17, p. 348;
33, 4, p. 41;
34, 10, p. 416.
Joshua: ch. 10, p. 360.
I. Samuel: 2, 6, p. 386;
19, 20, p. 226.
II. Samuel: 23, 2, p. 34.
I. Kings: 22, 20, p. xiv.
Isaiah: 1, 14, p. 227;
1, 11-17, p. 82;
5, 20, p. 374;
6, 1, 8, p. 280;
11, 1-4, p. 112;
26, 19, p. 386;
40, 12, p. 208;
40, 26, p. 369;
43, 1, p. 122;
43, 7, p. 121;
45, 18, p. 104;
59, 19, p. 109.
Jeremiah: 7, 22, p. 234;
9, 22-23, pp. 124, 148, 205, 299;
18, 1 ff., p. 207;
31, 33, p. 141.
Ezekiel: 8, 9, p. 109.
Hosea: 4, 6, p. 348;
6, 3, p. 141.
Amos: 3, 2, p. 164;
5, 6, p. 141.
Micah: 6, 8, p. 168.
Zephaniah: 2, 3, p. 148.
Malachi: 1, 9, p. 41.
Psalms: 19, p. 216;
19, 2, p. 193;
19, 7, p. 193;
19, 8, p. 411;
19, 9-10, p. 412;
73, 11-13, p. 293;
94, 9, p. 293;
136, 6, p. 176;
139, p. 205;
145, 9, p. 376.
Proverbs: 8, 22, p. 109;
25, 16, p. 244;
30, 4, p. 208.
Job: 10, 10, p. 378;
19, 26, p. 116;
23, 13, p. xxvi;
ch. 32, p. 349;
38, 36-37, p. 208.
Ecclesiastes: 1, 14, p. 47;
2, 3, p. 47.
Daniel: 7, 1, p. 225;
10, 8, p. 278;
10, 17, p. 381;
12, 2, p. 404.
Nehemiah: 9, 5, p. 95.
Mishna and Talmud
Berakot (Bab. Tal.): 17 a, p. 44;
33 b, p. xxvi, note 14, p. 41.
Berakot (Jer. Tal.): I, p. 83.
Pesakim: 54 a, p. xxvi, note 17.
Megillah: 25 b, p. xxvi, note 15.
Hagigah: ch. 2, p. 244;
11 b, p. xvi, notes 2 and 3.
Sanhedrin: 38 b, p. 268;
99 a, p. 408;
106 b, p. 83.
Makkot: 23 b, p. 416.
Abot: ch. 4, p. 44.