Kościuszko, Tadeusz,
type of national champion, 23;
character, 23, 26, 29, 30, 33, 34, 41, 42, 45, 47, 49,
51, 57, 62, 70, 80, 83, 93, 102, 105, 107, 111, 115,
122-124, 127, 131, 134, 138, 147, 148, 174, 175, 196;
birth, 23;
early life, 24-6;
efforts for the serfs, 25, 55, 85, 116, 117, 190, 192;
patriotism, 26, 32, 33, 43, 50, 58, 70, 83, 84, 93, 115,
122, 123, 144, 167, 175, 176, 182, 188, 191, 196, 200;
relations with Adam Czartoryski, 27, 50;
life as cadet, 27-30;
relations with Stanislas Augustus, 27, 30-33, 35, 59, 60,
76, 79-81, 113, 119, 122;
his appearance, 29, 144;
financial difficulties, 30-33, 54, 55;
studies in France, 31, 32, 35;
in American War of Independence, 31, 32, 36-52, 57, 59,
82, 91, 132;
returns to Poland in 1774, 32, 33;
affection for Anna Estkowa, 33, 56;
Ludwika Sosnowska (Lubomirska) and, 33-35, 51, 59, 163, 199;
leaves Poland in 1775, 35;
in Paris, 35, 36;
relations with Washington, 37, 39-44, 49, 177, 178;
relations with Gates, 38, 39, 43, 44, 178;
meeting with Pułaski, 39, 40;
relations with Greene, 43-46;
sympathy for negroes, 45;
Greene on, 48, 49;
American testimonies to, 49;
American honours for, 49, 50;
friendship with Niemcewicz, 50, 51, 61, 105, 144, 160, 165, 170;
leaves America, 51;
democratic sympathies, 51, 58, 59, 90, 91, 128, 178;
returns to Poland from America, 53;
life in the country, 54-8;
letters to Anna Estkowa, 56, 57, 60, 61, 84, 85;
friendship with Zaleskis, 57;
letter to Michał Zaleski's wife, 57, 58;
letters to Michał Zaleski, 58, 72, 73, 82, 83;
his ideas on peasant army, 58, 91-4, 108, 110, 116;
command in Polish army, 59-62, 73;
friendship with Ignacy Potocki and Kołłontaj, 61, 153;
Orlowski's letter to, 62;
love for Tekla Żurowska, 62-70;
letters to Tekla Żurowska, 63-7, 69;
in Pan Tadeusz, 70;
part in Ukraine campaign, 74-6, 78;
his MS. on Ukraine campaign, 75, 76, 78, 91, 92, 119;
honours after Dubienka, 76, 77;
resigns command, 79-81, 84;
letters to Princess Czartoryska, 79-81, 84, 121;
audience with King, 80, 81;
last days in Warsaw, 81, 82;
letter to Felix Potocki, 82;
bequeathal of estate, 84, 85;
goes into exile, 85, 86;
in Galicia, 87, 88;
friendship of Czartoryskis for, 87;
in Leipzig, 88, 89;
Kołłontaj on, 89;
in Paris during Revolution, 89-92;
relations with Lebrun, 90, 187;
characteristics of his government of Poland, 91, 114,
115, 121, 124;
returns to Leipzig, 92;
chosen as national leader, 92, 93;
preparations for Rising, 93, 94;
in Italy, 94;
in Dresden, 95;
enters Poland as liberator, 95;
enters Cracow, 96;
his Act of the Rising, 96-102, 127;
opens Rising in Cracow, 97, 98;
made dictator, 100;
character of his manifestos, 102, 123;
manifesto to the Polish and Lithuanian armies, 103-5;
to the clergy, 105;
to women, 105, 106;
receives offering of boatmen, 106, 107;
organizes Rising, 107;
his victory at Racławice, 108, 109, 132, 198;
relations with peasant soldiers, 108, 109, 122, 144;
his report on Racławice, 109;
organizes Rising after Racławice, 110;
enthusiasm for him, 110, 121-3, 144;
manifesto to Sandomierz, 111, 112;
appeal to Warsaw, 112;
manifesto on Rising of Warsaw, 113;
Provisional Council of Wilno on, 113, 114;
difficulties of his task, 114, 115;
letters to Mokronowski, 115, 122, 148;
to prince Sapieha, 115, 116;
manifesto to Volhymia, 116;
mandate to churches, 118;
conception of the war, 118, 130;
manifesto regarding Ruthenes, 118, 119;
to Ruthenian clergy, 119;
letter to King, 120, 121;
relations with his officers, 122, 123;
manifesto to Lithuania, 124, 125;
manifesto on his government of state, 126, 127;
regularizes civil government, 127, 128;
reception of Poniatowski, 127;
against Denisov, 129;
description of his camp and person, 130, 131; 131;
defeat at Szczekociny, 132-4;
Austria orders arrest of, 134;
summons to peasant war, 134, 135;
his desperate position, 135;
letter to citizens of Warsaw, 135, 136;
manifesto after Szczekociny, 136;
march to Warsaw, 136, 138;
manifesto on loss of Cracow, 137;
letter to Warsaw on street murders, 138-140;
tact in dealing with men and affairs, 140;
his defence of Warsaw, 141-6;
conduct of affairs from Warsaw, 144, 145;
attitude on Rising in Great Poland, 145;
letter to Zakrzewski, 145, 146;
letter of National Council to, 146, 147;
reply to National Council, 147;
religious tolerance, 148;
conduct to Jews, ib.;
and to prisoners of war, 148, 149;
position after deliverance of Warsaw, 149, 150;
journey to Lithuania, 150;
manifesto to Lithuanian army, 150-152;
his last manifesto, 152, 153;
last night in Warsaw, 153;
ride from Warsaw to Sierakowski's camp, 153, 154;
last march, 154, 155;
attitude on Dombrowski's victory, 154;
on eve of Maciejowice, 155, 156;
at Maciejowice, 156-158, 197, 202;
wounded and taken prisoner, 158;
prisoner in the Zamojski manor, 159, 160;
journey to Russia, 160-165;
message and gift from National Council to, 161;
grief in Warsaw for, 161;
Warsaw offers to exchange Russian prisoners for, 161, 162;
Niemcewicz on indignity shown to, 162;
failure and moral effect of his Rising, 163;
imprisonment in Petersburg, 165-168, 170, 171, 173;
subjected to inquisition, 166, 167;
relations with Catherine II, 167;
Rogerson on, 167;
visited by Paul I in prison and freed, 168;
visited by Alexander I in prison, 168, 191;
colloquy with Paul, 168-170;
subsequent interviews with Tsar, 170;
interview with Niemcewicz, 170, 171;
takes oath of allegiance, 171;
farewell audience with Imperial family, 171 172;
leaves Russia, 172;
journey through Finland, 173, 174;
in Sweden, 174, 175;
Swedish portrait of, 174, 175;
Cosway's portrait of, 175, 176, 200;
leaves Sweden for England, 175;
life in London, 175, 176;
effect on Savage Landor, 175;
letter to Russian ambassador, 176;
in Bath and Bristol, ib.;
departure from Bristol, 176, 177;
journey to United States, 177;
in Philadelphia, 177, 178;
Adams' letter to, 177;
friendship with Jefferson, 178, 180, 181, 188;
friendship with White family, 178-180;
letter to Mrs. White, 179;
returns to Philadelphia, 179;
Paul I's gift of money to, 180, 184, 185, 201;
financial dealings with Congress, 180;
visited by Orleans princes, 180;
his portrait of Jefferson, ib.;
Jefferson on, 181;
returns to Europe, 181-183;
will for the negroes, 181, 182;
nephews join legions, 183;
honours paid him in Bayonne, 183, 184;
in Paris, 184, 185;
repudiates oath to Paul I, 184, 185;
measures taken by partitioning powers against, 185;
presented with Sobieski's sword, 185, 186;
relations with legions, 186, 187;
relations with Napoleon I, 186-190;
withdraws from relations with French government, 187;
furthers interests of disbanded legionaries, 188;
his textbook on artillery, ib.;
friendship with Zeltners, 188, 190-192, 198, 199, 201;
his conditions for Poland's restoration, 190, 192;
life in France until Napoleon's fall, 190, 191;
Emilia Zeltner and, 190, 191, 198, 199, 201;
relations with Alexander I, 191, 201;
pleads for Poland with Alexander, 191-195, 197;
promise of Alexander to, 193;
sent for by Czartoryski, 193;
journey to Austria, 193, 194;
interview with Czartoryski, 194;
letter to Czartoryski, 195, 196;
fulfilment of his predictions regarding Poland, 196;
writes to Grey, ib.;
Grey's answer to, 196, 197;
retires from public life, 197;
last years, 197-201;
love of children and youth, 198;
love of poor, 198, 199, 201;
corresponds with Princess di Carignano, 199, 200;
correspondence with Jane Porter, 200;
interest in education, 200, 201;
death, 201;
last resting place, ib.;
the hill of, 201, 202;
Polish cult of, 202;
his refutation of Finis Poloniæ, 202, 203.
Kościuszko, Tekla,
relations with husband, 25;
character, 26;
death, 30
Krasinska, Franciszka, 200
Krushtzov, 162
Lafayette,
acquaintance with Kościuszko and Pulaski, 40
Landor, Walter Savage, Kościuszko and, 175
Laurens, 47
Lebrun, relations with Kościuszko, 90, 187
Lee, Harry, on Kościuszko, 49
Louis Philippe, visits Kościuszko, 180
Louis XVI,
recognizes United States, 38;
execution, 89, 90, 119
Lubomirska, Ludwika, and Kościuszko, 33-35, 51, 59, 163, 199
Madalinski, 96, 108, 109, 134, 142, 143
Marek. Father, 130
Marie, Empress of Russia, 172
McDougall, on Kościuszko, 41
Mickiewicz, Adam,
on patriotism, 23;
his poetry, 60;
his Pan Tadeusz, 70, 202
Mokronowski,
in Rising, 113, 150;
Kościuszko's letters to, 115, 122, 148
Montpensier, de, 180
Napoleon I,
Polish legions and, 182, 183, 186, 187, 189;
betrays Poland, 183, 187;
enthusiasm of Poles for, 183, 189;
relations with Kościuszko, 186-190;
becomes first consul, 187;
becomes emperor, 188;
victory at Jena, ib.;
summons Poles to banner, 188, 189;
on Kościuszko, 190;
his victories, ib.;
marches on Paris, 193.