TABLE II

CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN THE SUN (ROWLAND, 1891).

Arranged according to the number of their representative Lines in the Solar Spectrum.

Iron (2000+). Neodymium. Cadmium.
Nickel. Lanthanum. Rhodium.
Titanium. Yttrium. Erbium.
Manganese. Niobium. Zinc.
Chromium. Molybdenum. Copper (2).
Cobalt. Palladium. Silver (2).
Carbon (200+).Magnesium (20+).Glucinum (2).
Vanadium. Sodium (11). Germanium.
Zirconium. Silicon. Tin.
Cerium. Strontium. Lead (1).
Calcium (75+).Barium. Potassium (1).
Scandium. Aluminium (4).

TABLE III

EPOCHS OF SUN-SPOT MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM FROM 1610 TO 1901.

Minima. Maxima. Minima. Maxima. Minima. Maxima.
1610·8 1615·5 1712·0 1718·2 1810·6 1816·4
1619·0 1626·0 1723·5 1727·5 1823·3 1829·9
1634·0 1639·5 1734·0 1738·7 1833·9 1837·2
1645·0 1649·0 1745·0 1750·3 1843·5 1848·1
1655·0 1660·0 1755·2 1761·5 1856·0 1860·1
1666·0 1675·0 1766·5 1769·7 1867·2 1870·6
1679·5 1685·0 1775·5 1778·4 1878·9 1884·0
1689·5 1693·0 1784·7 1788·1 1890·2 1894·0
1698·91705·5 1798·31804·2 1901·9

TABLE IV.

MOVEMENTS OF SUN AND STARS.

1. Translation of Solar System.

Apex of Movement. Authority. Date.
R. A.Dec.
277° 30′+ 35° Newcomb 1898
273° 36′+ 29° 30′Kapteyn 1901
279° + 46° Porter 1901
275° + 45° Boss 1901
277° 30′+ 20° Campbell (from stellar spectroscopic measures)1902
Velocity=12·4 miles per second (Campbell).

2. Stellar Velocities.

Name of Star. Rate.Direction.Remarks.
Miles per Sec.
δ Leporis 58 Receding Campbell, 1901
η Cephei 54 Approaching       "        1899
θ Canis Majoris 60 Receding       "        1901
ι Pegasi 47 Approaching       "         "
μ Sagittarii 47 Approaching       "         "
ε Andromedæ 52 Approaching       "         "
ζ Herculis 44 Approaching Bélopolsky, 1893
61 Cygni 34 Approaching       "           "
μ Cassiopeiæ 60 Approaching Campbell, 1901
1830 Groombridge 59 Approaching       "           "
Arcturus 4·3Approaching Keeler, 1890
Arcturus 278 Tangential Accepting Elkin's parallax of 0·024′
1830 Groombridge 150 Tangential Parallax = 0·14′
μ Cassiopeiæ 113 Tangential Parallax = 0·10′ (Peter)
Z. C. 5h 24382 Tangential Parallax = 0·312′ (Gill)
Lacaille, 2,957 78 Tangential Parallax = 0·064′ (Gill)
Lacaille, 9,352 73 Tangential Parallax = 0·283′ (Gill)
o2, Eridani 72 Tangential Parallax = 0·166′ (Gill)
ε Eridani 61 Tangential Parallax = 0·149′ (Gill)

TABLE V.

LIST OF GREAT TELESCOPES.

1. Reflectors--A. Metallic Specula.

Locality.Aperture in Inches.Focal Length in Feet.Constructor.Remarks.
Birr Castle, Parsonstown, Ireland 72 54 Third Earl of Rosse, 1845 Newtonian.
Melbourne Observatory 48 28 T. Grubb, 1870 Cassegrain.
Birr Castle 36 -- Third Earl of Rosse, 1839 Newtonian. Remounted equatoreally 1876.
Royal Observatory Greenwich 24 20 William Lassell, 1846 Newtonian. Presented by the Missess Lassell to the Royal Observatory

B. Silvered Glass Mirrors.

Ealing, near London 60 27 A. A. Common, 1891 Newtonian.
Yerkes Observatory 60 25 G. W. Richey, 1902 Can be employed at choice as a Coudé or a Cassegrain.
National Observatory, Paris 48 -- Martin, 1875 Newtonian. Remodelled for spectrographic work by Deslandres in 1892
Meudon Observatory 39 9·7
Lick Observatory 36 17·5Calver, 1879 Mounted by Common at Ealing in 1879. Sold by him to Crossley, 1885. Presented by Crossley to the Lick Observatory, 1895.
Toulouse Observatory 32·5 16·2Brothers Henry
Marseilles Observatory 31·5 -- Foucault
Royal Observatory, Greenwich 30 -- Cassegrain. Mounted as a counterpoise to the Thompson equatoreal.
Westgate-on-Sea 30 -- Common, 1889 The property of Sir Norman Lockyer.
Harvard College Observatory 28 -- H. Draper, 1870 Mounted for spectrographic work,1887.
Royal Observatory, Edinburgh 24 -- T. Grubb, 1872
Daramona, Ireland 24 10·5Sir H. Grubb, 1881 Remounted 1891. Owned by Mr. W. E.Wilson.
Yerkes Observatory 23·5 7·7 Ritchey, 1901 Ritchey, Cassegrain, with an equivalent focal length of 38 feet.
Harvard College Observatory 20 -- Common, 1890
Crowborough, Sussex 20 8·2Sir H. Grubb, 1885 Mounted with a 7-inch refractor.

2. Refractors.

Palais de l'Optique, Paris 49·2 197 Gautier, 1900 Mounted as a siderostat in connection with a plane mirror 79 inches across.
Yerkes Observatory 40 62 Alvan G. Clark, 1897
Lick Observatory 36 57·8A. Clark and Sons, 1888 For photographic purposes a correcting lens is available, of 33 inches aperture, 47·8 feet focus.
Meudon Observatory 32·5 55·2Henrys and Gautier, 1891 Mounted with a photographic refractor of 24·4 inches aperture.
Astrophysical Observatory, Potsdam 31·5 39·4Steinheil and Repsold, 1899 Photographic. Mounted with a visual refractor 20 inches in aperture.
Bischoffsheim Observatory, Nice 30·3 52·6Henrys and Gautier, 1886 Visual. Mounted on Mont Gros, 1,100 feet above sea level.
Imperial Observatory, Pulkowa 30 42 A. Clark and Sons, 1885 Visual. Mounted by Repshold.
National Observatory, Paris 28·9 -- Martin
Royal Observatory, Greenwich 28 28 Sir H. Grubb, 1894 Visual and photographic. Mounted by Ransome and Simms.
University Observatory, Vienna 27 34 Sir H. Grubb, 1881 Visual.
Royal Observatory, Greenwich 26 26 Sir H. Grubb, 1897 The Thompson photographic equatoreal.
Naval Observatory, Washington 26 29 A. Clark and Sons, 1873
Leander McCormick Observatory, Virginia 26 32·5A. Clark and Sons, 1881
Cambridge University Observatory 25 -- T. Cooke and Sons. 1870 Presented to the University in 1889 by Mr. R. S. Newall.
Meudon Observatory 24·4 52·2Henrys and Gautier, 1891 Photographic. Mounted with a visual 32·5-inch refractor.
Harvard College Observatory 24 11·3A. Clark and Sons, 1893 Photographic doublet. The gift of Miss Bruce. Transfered in 1896 to Arequipa, Peru.
Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope 24 22·6Sir H. Grubb, 1898 Photographic. The gift of Mr. McClean. Mounted with an 18-inch visual refractor.
Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, Arizona 24 31 Alvan G. Clark, 1896 Visual. First mounted near the city of Mexico. Installed at Flagstaff, 1897.
National Observatory, Paris 23·6 59 Henrys and Gautier, 1891 Visual and photographic. Mounted as an equatoreal Coudé.
Halsted Observatory, Princeton, N.J. 23 32 A. Clark and Sons, 1883
City Observatory, Edinburgh 22 30 -- Mounted as a visual equatoreal on the Calton Hill, 1898.
Etna Observatory 21·8 -- Merz, 1897
Buckingham Observatory 21·2 -- Buckingham and Wragge
Porro Observatory, Turin 20·5 -- Porro
Chamberlin Observatory, Colorado 20 28 Alvan G. Clark and Saegmüller, 1894Visual. Fitted with a reversible crown lens for photography.
Manila Observatory 20 -- Merz and Saegmüller, 1894 Visual. Provided with a photographic correcting lens.
Strasburg Observatory 19·2 23 Merz and Repsold, 1880
Brera Observatory, Milan 19·1 23 Merz and Repsold
Dearborn Observatory, Illinois 18·5 27 A. Clark and Sons, 1862 Mounted 1864
National Observatory, La Plata 18·1 29·5Henrys and Gautier, 1890 Coudé Mount. Visual.
Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, Arizona 18 26·3Brashear, 1894 Mounted with a 12-inch Clark refractor as counterpoise.
Van der Zee Observatory, Buffalo, N.Y. 18 -- Fitz Dismounted.
Bischoffsheim Observatory, Nice 16·5 26·2Henrys and Gautier, 1889 Coudé Mount. Visual.
University Observatory, Vienna 16·5 29·5Henrys and Gautier, 1890 Coudé Mount. Visual.
Jesuit Observatory, Zi-ka-Wei 16·5 22·5Henrys and Gautier, 1897 Photographic. Mounted with a visual refractor of equal aperture.
Goodsell Observatory, Northfield, Minnesota 16·2 -- Brashear, 1891
Warner Observatory, Rochester, N.Y. 16 22 A. Clark and Sons, 1891
Grand-Ducal Observatory, Königsstuhl, Heidelberg16 6·6 Brashear and Grubb, 1900 A twin photographic doublet. The gift of Miss Bruce. Mounted with a visual 10-inch refractor by Pauly.
Meudon Observatory 15·7 5·3
Washburn Observatory, Wisconsin 15·6 20·3A. Clark and Sons, 1879
Teramo Observatory, Italy 15·5 -- T. Cooke and Sons, 1885 Formerly the property of Mr. Wigglesworth.
Royal Observatory, Edinburgh 15·1 -- T. Grubb, 1872 Presented by Lord Crawford.
Madrid Observatory 15 - Merz
Tulse Hill Observatory 15 15 Sir H. Grubb, 1870 Lent by the Royal Society to Sir William Huggins. Mounted with an 18-inch Cassegrain reflector.
National Observatory, Paris 15 29 Lerebours
Harvard College Observatory 15 22 Merz, 1847
National Observatory, Rio de Janeiro 15 --
Tacubaya Observatory, Mexico 15 15 Sir H. Grubb, 1880
Stonyhurst College Observatory 15 15 Sir H. Grubb, 1893
Brera Observatory, Milan 15 --
University of Mississippi 15 15 Sir H. Grubb, 1893 Visual. Mounted with a photographic 9-inch refractor.
Imperial Observatory, Pulkowa 15 22·5Merz and Mahler, 1840
Maidenhead Observatory 15 -- Sir H. Grubb, 1893 The property of Mr. Dunn. Mounted with a twin photographic refractor.
Odessa Observatory 14·9 -- Merz, 1881
Bischoffsheim Observatory, Nice 14·9 23 Henrys and Gautier
Brussels Observatory 14·9 20 Merz and Cooke, 1877
Observatory of Bordeaux 14·9 22·4Merz and Gautier, 1880
Observatory of Lisbon 14·9 -- Merz and Mahler

TABLE VI.

List of Observatories employed in the Construction of the Photographic Chart and Catalogue of the Heavens.

All are provided with 13-inch photographic, coupled with 11-inch visual refractors:

Name of Observatory.Constructors of Instruments.
  Optical Part.    Mechanical Part.  
Paris HenrysGautier
Algiers ,, ,,
Bordeaux ,, ,,
San Fernando (Spain) ,, ,,
Vatican ,, ,,
Cordoba ,, ,,
Montevideo ,, ,,
Perth, Western Australia  ,, ,,
Helsingfors ,, Repsold
Potsdam Steinheil,,
Catania ,, Salmoiraghi
Greenwich Sir H. GrubbSir H. Grubb
Oxford ,, ,,
The Cape ,, ,,
Melbourne ,, ,,
Sydney ,, ,,
Tacubaya (Mexico) ,, ,,

FOOTNOTES:

[1630] Comptes Rendus, t. xliv., p. 339.

[1631] A. A. Common, Memoirs R. Astr. Soc., vol. i., p. 118.

[1632] Newcomb, Pop. Astr., p. 137.

[1633] Month. Not., vol. liv., p. 67.

[1634] Keeler, Publ. Astr. Pac. Soc., vol. ii., p. 160.

[1635] H. Grubb, Trans. Roy. Dub. Soc., vol. i. (new ser.), p. 2.

[1636] Hale, nevertheless (Astroph. Jour., vol. v., p. 128), considers that refractors preserve their superiority of visual light-grasp over Newtonian reflectors up to an aperture of 52-1/2, while equalisation is reached for the photographic rays at 34 inches.

[1637] Astroph. Jour., vol. v., p. 130.

[1638] Phil. Trans., vol. cxlviii., p. 465.

[1639] Optics, p. 107 (2nd ed., 1719).

[1640] Observatory, vol. viii., p. 85.

[1641] Holden on Celestial Photography, Overland Monthly, Nov., 1886.

[1642] Observatory, vol. xv., p. 283.

[1643] Bailey, Astroph. Jour., vol. x., p. 255.

[1644] Harvard Circulars, Nos. 2, 18, 24, 33;

[1645] Loewy, Bull. Astr., t. i., p. 286; Nature, vol. xxix., p. 36.

[1646] Nature, vol. xxiv., p. 389.

[1647] Ibid., vol. xxix., p. 470.

[1648] Trans. R. Dublin Soc., vol. iii., p. 61.

[1649] Observatory, vol. vii., p. 167.

[1650] Loewy, Bull. Astr., t. i., p. 265.

[1651] Phil. Trans., vol. clxxi., p. 653.

[1652] Janssen, L'Astronomie, t. ii., p. 121.

[1653] Rev. A. L. Cortie, Astr. and Astrophysics, vol. xi., p. 400.

[1654] Phil. Mag., vol. xiii., 1882, p. 469.

[1655] Bull. Astr., t. iii., p. 331.

INDEX

Abbe, Cleveland, corona of 1878 176 177

Aberdour, Lord, solar chromosphere, 68

Aberration, discovered by Bradley, 3, 15;
cause of, 31, 231
investigations of, 241 438

Abney, daylight coronal photographs, 179;
infra-red photography, 210 223 438

Absorption, terrestrial atmospheric, 134 211 214-216 225;
solar, 134-136 172 213 221 222 225 277
correlative with emission, 135 136 140

Adams, discovery of Neptune, 79-82;
lunar acceleration, 271
orbit of November meteors, 331

Aerolites, falls of, 339 340

Airy, solar translation, 39;
observations during eclipses, 62, 64, 70
Astronomer-Royal, 79
search for Neptune, 80, 81
corona of 1851 175
solar parallax, 227 236
transit of Venus, 233
Mercurian halo, 235
lunar atmosphere, 264

Aitken, double star discoveries, 419

Albedo, of Mercury, 246;
of Venus, 255
of Mars, 283
of minor planets, 288
of Jupiter, 290
of Saturn, 303
of Uranus, 304

Alexander, spiral nebulæ, 118;
observation during eclipse, 245

Algol, variability of light, 10, 390;
eclipses, 390
nature of system, 391

Altitude and azimuth instrument, 120 note, 121

Amici, comet of 1843 103

Anderson, discovery of Nova Aurigæ, 396;
of Nova Persei, 400

Andrews, conditions of liquefaction, 151

Ångström, C. J., Optical Researches, 138;
spark spectrum, 139
nature of photosphere, 152
solar spectroscopy, 210 212
hydrogen in sun, 211
temperature of stars, 375

Ångström, K., infra-red solar spectrum, 210;
solar constant, 225

Arago, eclipse of 1842 62, 64, 65;
prominences, 69
polarization in comets, 103
magnetic relations of auroræ, 130
nature of photosphere, 151
meteor-systems, 329

Arai, photographs of corona of 1887 185

Arcturus, spectrum, 373 383;
radial movement, 387

Argelander, Bonn Durchmusterung, 32, 423;
solar motion, 39
centre of Milky Way, 40
comet of 1811 100

Aristotle, description of a comet, 350

Arrhenius, light-pressure theory of comets, 348

Asten, movements of Encke's comet, 94

Asteroids, so designated by Herschel, 75

Astronomical circles, 121 122

Astronomical physics, 7,141 142

Astronomical Society founded, 6;
Herschel its first President, 14

Astronomy, classification, 1;
popularity and progress, 5
in United States, 6
in Germany, 28
practical reform, 32
of the invisible, 42
physical, 141

Atmosphere, solar, 94, 182 192 221 225;
of Venus, 236 239 253 254
of Mercury, 246-248
of the moon, 263 264
of Mars, 276
of minor planets, 288

Auroræ, periodicity, 129 162;
excited by meteors, 335

Auwers, reduction of Bradley's observations, 39;
system of Procyon, 42
opposition of Victoria, 238
solar parallax, 240
new star in Scorpio, 395

Babinet, nebular hypothesis, 314

Backlund, movements of Encke's comet, 94, 360 [Pg 472]

Baden-Powell, Sir George, eclipse expedition, 188

Bailey, nebulosity round Pleiades, 411;
stellar photometric observations, 421
discovery of variable clusters, 436

Baily, early life and career, 59-61;
observations of eclipses, 61-64
density of the earth, 60, 261

Baily's Beads, 61, 62

Bakhuyzen, rotation of Mars, 275

Ball, Sir Robert, parallaxes of stars, 36 note, 416;
contacts in transits, 239

Balmer's Law, 198 383

Barnard, micrometrical measures of Neptune, 84;
of minor planets, 288
of Saturn's rings, 301
photographs of solar corona, 186 190
transit of Mercury, 245
halo round Venus, 254
surface of Mars, 280
ellipticity of Jupiter's first satellite, 292
of Uranus, 304
discovery of inner Jovian satellite, 293 434
red spot on Jupiter, 296
eclipse of Japetus, 300
attendants on comet of 1882 363
on Brooks's comet, 366 367
Swift's comet, 368
photographic discovery of a comet, 369
observations of Nova Aurigæ, 398 399
Hind's variable nebula, 403
exterior Pleiades nebulosities, 411
galactic stars, 423
photographs of Milky Way, 424 425
cluster variables, 433
horizontal telescope, 438

Bartlett, photograph of a partial eclipse, 166

Basic lines, 206 207

Baxendell, meteors of 1866 331

Becker, drawings of solar spectrum, 211

Beckett, Sir E. (Lord Grimthorpe), value of solar parallax, 232

Beer and Mädler, surveys of lunar surface, 265 267;
studies of Mars, 275

Bélopolsky, coronal photographs, 185;
theory of corona, 191
rotation of Venus, 252
of Jupiter, 297
spectroscopic determinations of Saturn's rings, 300
spectrum of γ Cassiopeiæ, 378
system of Castor, 389 391
detection of variable stars as spectroscopic binaries, 391

Berberich, mass of asteroids, 287;
orbit of Holmes's comet, 337

Berkowski, daguerrotype of eclipsed sun, 166

Bessel, biographical sketch, 28-30;
reduction of Bradley's observations, 32
parallax of 61 Cygni, 36
disturbed motion of Sirius and Procyon, 41
trans-Uranian planet, 79
Halley's comet, 102
theory of instrumental errors, 122
personal equation, 123
rotation of Mercury, 246
lunar atmosphere, 263
cometary emanations, 325 345
multiple tails, 347
comet of 1807 352

Betelgeux, remoteness, 37, 417;
spectrum, 373 381 383 384
radial movement, 387

Bianchini, rotation of Venus, 250

Biela, discovery of a comet, 95

Bigelow, magnetic and solar disturbances, 161;
theory of corona, 191

Bigourdan, eclipse of 1893 187;
velocity of comet of 1882 364

Bird's quadrants, 4,112 121

Birmingham, colours of stars, 375 note;
discovery of T Coronæ, 393

Birt, rotation of a sun-spot, 144;
Selenographical Society, 266

Bischoffsheim, Coudé telescope, 436

Black Ligament, 235

Bode, popular writings, 5;
solar constitution, 57
missing planet, 72, 73

Bode's Law, 71, 83, 286

Boeddicker, heat-phases during lunar eclipses, 269 270;
drawings of Jupiter, 296
of the Milky Way, 424

Boehm, solar observations, 146 148

Boguslawski, centre of sidereal revolutions, 41;
observation of Halley's comet, 102

Bolometer, principle of construction, 222

Bond, G. P., his father's successor, 86;
light of Jupiter, 289
Saturn's rings, 298
Donati's comet, 324 325
Andromeda nebula, 409
double-star photography, 409

Bond, W. C., observation of Neptune's satellite, 84;
discovery of Hyperion, 85
of Saturn's dusky ring, 86
resolution of nebulæ, 119
celestial photography, 153 409
satellite-transit on Jupiter, 291

Borda, repeating circle, 121

Boss, solar translation, 40;
observations on comets, 352 356

Bossert, proper motions of stars, 415

Bouguer, solar atmospheric absorption, 221

Boulliaud, period of Mira, 10

Bouvard, tables of Uranus, 78;
Encke's comet, 90