286.jpg the Entrance to The Pyramid of Unas at SaqqÀra
289.jpg Table of the Dates Of The Kings Vith Dynasty
298.jpg Flat-bottomed Vessel of Bronze Open-work Bearing The Cartouches of Pharaoh KhÎti I
300.jpg Part of the Walls Of El-kab on The Northern Side
302.jpg the Second Fortress of Abydos—the ShÛnet-ez-zebÎb—as Seen from the East
304.jpg Attack Upon an Egyptian Fortress by Troops Of Various Arms
306.jpg Denderah—temple of Tentyra
306-text.jpg—temple of Tentyra
310.jpg Map, the Principality of SiÛt
311.jpg the Heavy Infantry of The Princes Of SiÛt, Armed With Lance and Buckler
313.jpg Palette Inscribed With the Name of MirikarÎ
314.jpg the Brick Pyramid of AntÛfÂa, at Thebes
318.jpg the Pharaoh Monthotpu Receiving The Homage of His Successor—antue—in the Shat Er-rigeleh.
326.jpg Some of the Band Of Asiatics, With Their Beasts, Brought from KhnÛmhotpÛ
334.jpg Plan of the Temple Of Sarbut El Khadim
335.jpg the Ruins of The Temple Of Hathor
344.jpg One of The Façades Of the Fortress Of Kubban
345.jpg the Second Cataract Between Hamkeh and Wady Halfa
346.jpg the Second Cataract at Low Nile
349.jpg the Triumphal Stele of Usirtasen I.
351.jpg the Rapids of The Nile at Semneh, and The Two Fortresses Built by Usirtasen Iii
353.jpg the Channel of The Nile Between The Two Fortresses of Semneh and Kummeh
355.jpg KÛshite Prisoners Brought to Egypt
362.jpg the Routes Leading from The Nile to The Red Sea, Between Koptos and Kosseir.
376.jpg One of the Tanis Sphinxes in The GÎzeh Museum
381.jpg the Obelisk of Ûsirtasen I., Still Standing In The Plain of Heliopolis
384.jpg Usirtasen I. Of Abydos
385.jpg a Part of the Ancient Sacred Lake Of Osiris Near The Temple of Abydos
386.jpg the Site of The Ancient Heracleopolis
387.jpg SobkÛ, the God of The FayÛm, Under The Form Of A Sacred Crocodile
388.jpg the Remains of The Obelisk Of Begig
389.jpg the Ruined Pedestal of One Of The Colossi Of BiahmÛ
390.jpg a View in the FayÛm In The Neighbourhood of The Village of FidemÎn
391.jpg the Court of The Small Temple
392.jpg the Shores of The Birket-kerun Near The Embouchure of the Wady Nazleh
393.jpg the Two Pyramids of The Xiith Dynasty at Lisht
394.jpg Painting at the Entrance of The Fifth Tomb
395.jpg Pectoral Ornament of Usirtasen Iii
396.jpg the Pyramid of Illahun, at The Entrance Of The Fa.Ûm
399.jpg the Mountain of Silt With The Tombs Of The Princes
401.jpg Map of Principality Of the Gazelle
405.jpg the Modern Cemetery of Zawyet El-meiyetÎn
408.jpg the Tombs of Princes Of The Gazelle-nome At Beni-hasan
410.jpg the Colossal Statue of King Sovkhotpu in The Louvre
414.jpg Statue of HarsÛf in the Vienna Museum
415.jpg Statue of SovkhotpÛ Iii.
417.jpg One of the Overturned and Broken Statues Of MirmasiiaÛ at Tanis
CONTENTS
CHAPTER II—THE TEMPLES AND THE GODS OF CHALDÆA
CHAPTER III—CHALDÆAN CIVILIZATION
APPENDIX—THE PHARAOHS OF THE ANCIENT AND MIDDLE EMPIRES
List of Illustrations
Frontispiece.jpg El Hammam (the Bath)
006.jpg One of the Eagle-headed Genii.
009.jpg Bel-merodach, Armed With the Thunderbolt, Does Battle With the Tumultuous Tiamat.
011.jpg a Kufa Laden With Stones, and Manned by A Crew Of Four Men.
012.jpg the World As Conceived by The ChaldÆans
025.jpg Gigantic ChaldÆan Reeds
027.jpg the Marshes About The Confluence of The Kerkha And Tigris.
030.jpg the Gathering of The Spathes Of The Male Palm Tree
032.jpg a Winged Genius Holding in his Hand the Spathe Of The Male Date-palm.
033.jpg the Heavily Maned Lion Wounded by an Arrow And Vomiting Blood.
034.jpg the Urus in Act of Charging
035.jpg a Herd of Onagers Pursued by Dogs and Wounded By Arrows.
036.jpg the Chief Domestic Animals Op The Regions of The Euphrates.
037.jpg the Sow and Her Litter Making Their Way Through A Bed of Reeds.
042.jpg Two Fish-like Deities of the ChaldÆans.
045.jpg Page With One of the Tablets Of The Deluge Series.
048.jpg Shamashnapishtim Shut Into the Ark.
051.jpg the JudÎ Mountains Sometimes Identified With Tub Ntsib Mountains.
057.jpg Gilgames Strangles a Lion.
060.jpg Gilgames Fights, on the Left With a Bull, On The Right With Eabani.
068.jpg Gilgames and Eabani Fighting With Monsters.
071.jpg the Scorpion-men of The Mountains Of MÂshu.
073.jpg Gilgames and Arad-ea Navigating Their Vessel.
082.jpg Gilgames Struggles With a Lion
96.jpg the Seal of Shargani-shar-ali: Gilgames Waters The Celestial Ox.
096a.jpg Painting in Color of Charioteer
098.jpg Page Image: the Arms Op The City and Kings Of Lagash
099.jpg Fragment of Bas-relief by UrninÂ, King Of Lagash.
101.jpg Idingiranagin Holding the Totem of Lagash.
102.jpg Idingiranagin in his Chariot Leading His Troops.
103.jpg Page Image. Vultures Feeding Upon the Dead.
104.jpg Piling up the Mound of The Dead After The Battle.
105.jpg King Urnina and his Family.
109.jpg Sitting Statue of Gudea
111.jpg Plan of the Ruins Of Mughîer
112.jpg Statues from Telloh. And Head of One Of The Statue of Gudea.
114.jpg Plan of the Ruins Of Abu-shahreyn
115.jpg an Arab Crossing the Tigris in a "kufa."
117.jpg an Assyrian Kelek Laden With Building-stone.
126.jpg Plan of the Ruins Of Wakka
128.jpg a ChaldÆan Stamped Brick.
134.jpg the Temple of Nannar at Uru, Approximately Restored.
135.jpg the Temple of Uru in Its Present State, According To Taylor
136.jpg Further View of the Temple Of Uru
141.jpg Sin Delivered by Merodach from the Assault of The Seven Evil Spirits.
142.jpg Struggle Between a Good and an Evil Genius.
145.jpg the God Ningibsu, Patron of Lagash.
152.jpg the Adoration of The Mace and The Whip.
169.jpg the God Sun Receives The Homage of Two Worshippers.
170.jpg Shamash Sets Out, in the Morning, from The Interior of the Heaven by The Eastern Gate.
171.jpg Shamash in his Shrine, His Emblem Before Him On The Altar.
173.jpg Ishtar Holding Her Star Before Sin.
177.jpg the Birds of The Tempest
178.jpg Ramman Armed With an Axe.
179.jpg Ramman, the God of Tempests and Thunder.
186.jpg Shamash Fights With zu and the Storm Birds.
186a.jpg the Plenisphere Taken from The Temple Of Tentyra
186b.jpg Text of the Plenisphere
190.jpg Ishtar As a Warrior-goddess
203.jpg a Votary Led to the God To Receive The Reward Of The Sacrifice
204.jpg the Sacrifice: a Goat Presented to Ishtar.
205.jpg the God Shamash Seizes With his Left Hand The Smoke of the Sacrifice.
208.jpg Decorated Wrappings from a Mummy (color)
209.jpg Chald.an Coffin in the Form of a Jar
209a.jpg a Vaulted Tomb in Uru
210.jpg ChaldÆan Tomb With Domed Roof.
111.jpg Chaldean Tomb With Flat Roof.
213.jpg the Interior of The Tomb
220.jpg the Goddess Allat Passes Through The Nether Regions in Her Bark.
221.jpg Nergal, the God of Hades; Back View.
226.jpg Ishtar Despoiled of Her Garments in Hades
229.jpg Dumuzi Rejuvenated on the Knees of Ishtar.
233.jpg Etana Carried to Heaven by an Eagle.
244.jpg the King Urnina Bearing The "kufa."
248.jpg the Plan of a Palace Built by Gudea.
249.jpg Terra-cotta Barrel-right
250.jpg Plan of the Existing Buildings Of Telloh.
251.jpg Decoration of Coloured Cones on the Façade at Uruk
252.jpg Pilasters of the Facade Of Gudea's Palace
255.jpg Stone Socket of One Of the Doors in The Palace Of Gudea.( Right)
258.jpg Stand of Black Stone from the Palace Of Telloh.
262.jpg Female Servant Bare to the Waist.(left)
262.jpg Costume of a ChaldÆn Lady (right)
266.jpg a Soldier Bringing Prisoners and Spoil.
268.jpg Manuscript on Papyrus in Heiroglyphics
279.jpg the Tablet of Tell-sifr, Broken to Show The Two Texts.
280.jpg Tablet Bearing the Impress of a Seal
294.jpg an Egyptian Slave Merchant
208a.jpg Chaldean Houses at Uru.
208b Plans of Houses Excavated at Eridu and Ubu.
300.jpg ChaldÆan Household Utensils in Terra-cotta
311a.jpg ChaldÆan Stone Implements.
311b.jpg ChaldÆan Stone Hammer Bearing an Inscription.
312.jpg ChaldÆn Implements of Bronze
313.jpg Vase of Silver. And Bull Of Copper.
315.jpg ChaldÆan Cylinder Exhibiting Traces of The Different Tools Used by the Engraver
318-text.jpg Egyptian Manuscript
322.jpg the Michaux Stone (left)
323.jpg the Other Side of The Michaux Stone (right)
324.jpg Two Rows of Shadufs on the Bank Of a River.
325.jpg ChaldÆan Farming Operations.
329b.jpg Scenes of Pastoral Life in ChaldÆa.
332.jpg ChaldÆan Carrying a Fish. (left)
333.jpg the Onager Taken With The Lasso.
340.jpg ChaldÆan Map of the World.
354.jpg Magic Nail of Terra Cotta
355.jpg Egyptian Cornice Bearing the Cartouches of Ramses I.
357.jpg Lists of the Pharaohs Of The Ancient Empire
358.jpg Lists on the Monuments
359.jpg Lists on the Monuments
360.jpg Lists on the Monuments
361.jpg Lists on the Monuments
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I—THE FIRST CHALDÆAN EMPIRE AND THE HYKSÔS IN EGYPT
CHAPTER II—SYRIA AT THE BEGINNING OF THE EGYPTIAN CONQUEST
CHAPTER III—THE EIGHTEENTH THEBAN DYNASTY
List of Illustrations
014.jpg the Most Northern Source of The Jordan, The Naiir-el-hasbany
017.jpg One of the Reaches Of The Jordan
018.jpg the Dead Sea and The Mountains of Moab, Seen Fkom The Heights of Engedi
023.jpg Asiatic Women from the Tomb of KhnÛmhotpÛ
024.jpg Two Asiatics Fkom the Tomb of KhnÛmhoptÛ.
030.jpg Plan of the Ruins Of Babylon
032.jpg the Kask Seen from The South
033.jpg the Tell of Borsippa, The Present Birs-nimrud
036.jpg the Banks of The Euphrates at Zuleibeh
045.jpg Map of ChaldÆa and Elam.
046.jpg an Ancient Susian of Negretic Race
047.jpg Native of Mixed Negritic Race from Susiana
048.jpg the Tumulus of Susa, As It Appeared Towards The Middle of the Xixth Century
057.jpg Head of a Sceptre in Copper, Bearing the Name Of Kham-murabi
079.jpg Pallate of HyksÔs Scribe
080.jpg a HyksÔs Prisoner Guiding the Plough, at El-kab
082.jpg Table of Offerings Bearing the Name Of ApÔti ÂqnÛnrÎ
084.jpg Broken Statue of Khiani
093.jpg the Traditional Oak of Abraham at Hebron
109.jpg NofrÎtari, from Tue Wooden Statuette in the Turin Museum
113.jpg the Small Gold Votive Barque of Pharaoh KamosÛ, In the GÎzeh Museum.
116.jpg the Walls of El-kab Seen from The Tomb Of Pihiri
116a.jpg Collection of Vases Modelled and Painted in The Grand Temple. Philae Island.
119.jpg the Ruins of The Pyramid Of QÛlah, Near Mohammerieh
122.jpg the Tombs of The Princes Of NekhabÎt, in The Hillside Above El-kab
130.jpg Painting in Tomb of the Kings Thebes
132.jpg a Convoy of TÛrah Quarrymen Drawing Stone
135.jpg Coffin of Ahmosis in the GÎzeh Museum
136.jpg Nofritari, Hie Black-skinned Goddess
137.jpg the Jewels and Weapons of Queen ÂhhhotpÛ I. In The GÎzeh Museum
144.jpg Statue of AmenÔthes I. In the Turin Museum
147.jpg the Coffin and Mummy of Amenothes
150.jpg ThÛtmosis I., from a Statue in the GÎzeh Museum
155.jpg Signs, Arms and Instruments
177.jpg the Fortress and Bridge of Zalu
184.jpg the Canaanite Fortresses
185.jpg the Walled City of DapÛr, in Galilee
187.jpg the Migdol of Ramses Iii. At Thebes, in The Temple of Medinet-abul
189.jpg the Modern Village of BeÎtÎn (ancient Bethel), Seen from the South-west.
196.jpg the Evergreen Oaks Between Joppa and Carmel
197.jpg Acre and the Fringe of Reefs Sheltering The Ancient Port
202.jpg the Tyrian Ladder at Ras El-abiad
206.jpg the Dyke at Baiik El-kades in Its Present Condition
212.jpg the Tell of Jerabis in Its Present Condition
215.jpg the Heads of Three Amorite Captives
216.jpg Mixture of Syrian Races
218.jpg a Caricature of the Syrian Type
220.jpg Syrians Dressed in the Loin-cloth and Double Shawl
226.jpg LotanÛ Women and Children from the Tomb Of RakhmieÎ
238.jpg a Cromlech in the Neighbourhood of Hesban, In The Country of Moab
240.jpg a Corner of the Phoenician Neckropolis at Adlun
241.jpg Valley of the Tomb Of The Kings
256a.jpg the Amphitheatre of Aphaka and The Source Of The Nahh-ibrahim
269.jpg Tyre and Its Suburbs on the Mainland
273.jpg the Sculptured Rocks of Hanaweh
282.jpg One of the KafÎti from The Tomb Of RakhmirÎ
288.jpg an Egyptian Trading Vessel of the First Half Of The Xviiith Dynasty
299.jpg One of the Daggers Discovered at MycenÆ, Showing An Imitation of Egyptian Decoration
311.jpg a Platoon (troop) of Egyptian Spearmen at DeÎr El-baharÎ
313.jpg a Platoon of Egyptian Archers at DeÎr El-baharÎ
314.jpg the Egyptian Chariot Preserved in The Florence Museum
315.jpg the King Charging on his Chariot
318.jpg an Egyptian Learning to Ride, from a Bas-relief In the Bologna Museum
319.jpg the War-dance of The Timihu at DeÎr El-baharÎ
321.jpg a Column of Troops on the March, Chariots And Infantry
322.jpg an Egyptian Fortified Camp, Forced by the Enemy
322b.jpg Two Companies on the March
325.jpg Scenes from Military Life in an Egyptian Camp
327.jpg Encounter Between Egyptian and Asiatic Chariots
336.jpg a City of Modern Nubia—the Ancient Dongola
338.jpg Arrival of an Ethiopian Queen Bringing Tribute To The Viceroy of KÛsii