Volume IX.

CONTENTS


CHAPTER I—THE IRANIAN CONQUEST

CHAPTER II—THE LAST DAYS OF THE OLD EASTERN WORLD






List of Illustrations


Spines

Cover

Titlepage

001.jpg Page Image

002.jpg Page Image

003.jpg Page Image

012.jpg the Ahura-mazd of The Bas-reliefs Of Persepolis

012b.jpg Hypostyle of Hall Of Xerxes: Detail Of Entablature

013.jpg an Iranian Genius in Form of a Winged Bull

014.jpg Ahura-mazd Bestowing the Tokens of Royalty on An Iranian King

016a.jpg the Moon-god

016b.jpg God of the Wind

017a.jpg Atar the God of Fire

017b.jpg Aurvataspa

017c.jpg Mithra

018.jpg Mylitta-anÂhita

018a.jpg Nana-anÂhita

022.jpg One of the Bad Genii, Subject to AngrÔ-mainyus

023.jpg the King Struggling Against an Evil Genius

031.jpg the Two Iranian Altakrat Nakhsh-Î-rustem

032.jpg the Two Iranian Altars of Murgab

032b.jpg the Occupations of Ani in The Elysian Fields

033.jpg the Sacred Fire Burning on The Altar

039.jpg a Royal Hunting-party in Hun

042.jpg Remains of the Palace Of Ecbatana

050.jpg the Tumulus of Alyattes and The Entrance to The Passage

051.jpg One of the Lydian Ornaments in The Louvre

052.jpg Mould for Jewellery of Lydian Origin

053.jpg a Lydian Funery Couch

054a.jpg Lydian Coin Bearing a Running Fox

054b.jpg Lydian Coin With a Hare

055.jpg Lydian Coins With a Lion and Lion's Head

056a.jpg Coin Bearing Head of Mouflon Goat

056b.jpg Money of Croesus

059.jpg View of the Site and Ruins Of Ephesus

075.jpg Croesus on his Pyre

078.jpg a Persian King Fighting With Greeks

080.jpg the Present Site of Miletus

083.jpg a Lycian City Upon Its Inaccessible Rock

105.jpg Table of the Last Kings Of Ptolemy

111.jpg an Osiris Stretched Full Length on the Ground

112.jpg the Two Goddesses of Law; Ani Adoring Osiris The Trial of the Conscience; Toth and The Feather Of The Law.

113.jpg Amasis in Adoration Before the Bull Apis

114.jpg the Naos of Amasis at Thmuis

120.jpg the Present Site of Naucratis

128.jpg Cyrus the Achaemenian

129.jpg the Tomb Op Cyrus

138.jpg Psammetichus Iii.

145.jpg the Naophoros Statuette of The Vatican

147.jpg Ethiopian Gkoup

148.jpg Encampment de Bacharis

159.jpg Darius, Son of Hystaspes

166.jpg Darius Piercing a Rebel With his Lance Before A Group of Four Prisoners

174.jpg Rebels Brought to Darius by Ahura-mazd This Is The Scene Depicted on the Rock of Behistun.

175.jpg the Rocks of Behistun

181.jpg Map of the Archaemenian Strapies

186.jpg Street Vender of Curios After the Painting By Gerome.

188.jpg Daric of Darius, Son Of Hystaspes

192.jpg Funeral Offerings.

197.jpg Page Image

198.jpg Page Image

199.jpg Page Image

209.jpg a Cypriot Chariot

212a.jpg Alexander I. Of Macedon

212b.jpg a Phoenician Galley

214.jpg Map of Marathon

215.jpg the Battle-field of Marathon

219.jpg Darius on the Stele of The Isthmus

220.jpg Walls of the Fortress Of Ditsh-el-qalÂa

221.jpg the Great Temple of Darius at HabÎt

224.jpg Xerxes

227.jpg a Trireme in Motion

238.jpg Map

239.jpg the Battle-field of Plataea

247.jpg Artaxerxes

258.jpg View of the Achaemenian Ruins Of Istakhr

260.jpg the Tomb of Darius

261.jpg the Hill of The Royal Achaemenian Tombs At Nakush-i-rustem

262.jpg One of the Capitals from Susa

262b.jpg Freize of Archers at Suza

263.jpg General Ruins of Persipolis

267.jpg the Propylaea of Xerxes I. At Persepolis

268.jpg Bas-relief of the Staircase Leading to The Apadana of Xerxes

269.jpg the King on his Throne

270.jpg a View of the Apadana Of Susa, Restored

273.jpg Processional Display of Tribute Brought to The King of Persia

276.jpg Darius II.

279.jpg Cyrus the Younger

280.jpg Artaxerxes Mnemon

287.jpg Hakoris

291.jpg Pharnabazus

293.jpg Artaxerxes II.

296.jpg Datames III.

299.jpb Nectanebo I

305.jpg Evagoras II. Of Salamis

312.jpg Table of the Last Egyptian Dynasties

313.jpg Small Temple of Nectanebo, at the Southern Extremity of Philae

314.jpg Naos of Nectanebo in the Temple at Edfu

315.jpg Great Gate of Nectanebo at Karnak

316.jpg Fragment of a Naos Of the Time Of Nectanebo II. In the Bologna Museum

317.jpg One of the Lions in The Vatican

321.jpg Map of the Persian Empire

325.jpg Coins of the Satraps With Aramaean Inscriptions

326.jpg a Lycian Tomb

327b.jpg Statue of Mausolus

327a.jpg Coin of a Lycian King

328.jpg Lycian Sarcophagus Decorated With Greek Carvings

337.jpg Chaldean Seal With Aramaic Inscription

346.jpg Fountain and School of the Mother Of Little Mohamad

348.jpg Modern Mohammedan Shekhs Tombs

349.jpg Part of the Inundation in a Palm Grove

350.jpg Ephemeral Hovels of Clay Or Dried Bricks

359.jpg the Step Pyramid Seen from The Grove Op Palm Trees to the North of Saqqarah

362a.jpg Long Strings of Laden Vessels

362b.jpg the Vast Sheet of Water in The Midday Heat

363.jpg the Mountains Honeycombed With Tombs And Quarries

367.jpg Darius III.

368.jpg an Elephant Armed for War

376.jpg the Battlefield of Issus

377.jpg a Bas-relief on A Sidonian Sarcophagus

379.jpg the Isthmus of Tyre at The Present Day

382.jpg the Battle of Arbela, from The Mosaic Of Herculanum






Volume X.


CONTENTS


PREFACE

PUBLISHER'S NOTE

EGYPT UNDER THE PTOLEMIES

INTRODUCTORY ESSAY

CHAPTER I—EGYPT CONQUERED BY THE GREEKS

CHAPTER II—EGYPT UNDER PTOLEMY SOTER

CHAPTER III.—PTOLEMY PHILADELPHUS. B.C. 284-246

CHAPTER IV—PTOLEMY EUERGETES, PTOLEMY PHILOPATOR, AND PTOLEMY

CHAPTER V—PTOLEMY PHILOMETOR AND PTOLEMY EUERGETES II.

CHAPTER VI—THE GROWTH OF ROMAN INFLUENCE IN EGYPT

CHAPTER VII—CLEOPATRA AND HER BROTHERS






List of Illustrations


Spines

Cover

Frontispiece

Titlepage

001.jpg Page Image

002.jpg Page Image

015.jpg Page Image—alexandria

019.jpg Transporting Grain on the Nile

021.jpg Phtah the God of Memphis

027.jpg Lighthouse at Alexandria

031.jpg Page Image

036.jpg the DÔm Palm.

040.jpg a Silhouette on the Nile

044.jpg Crocodiles Basking in the Sun

049.jpg a Theban Belle

049b.jpg Prayer to Isis

052.jpg Tombs of the Sacred Bulls

055.jpg the God Serapis

056.jpb Manuscript on Papyrus; Hieroglyphics, Thebes

057.jpg Alexander Adoring Horus

062.jpg on the Coast of The Red Sea

081.jpg Alexandrian Lady, Attired in Bombyx Silk

082.jpg Egyptian Coinage

083.jpg Coin of Soter, With Jupiter

092.jpg the Chariot of Antiphilus

095.jpg Berenice Soter

098.jpg Nit, Goddess of Sais.

099.jpg a Cat Mummy

100.jpg Tailpiece

101.jpg Page Image

102.jpg Pharos in Old Alexandria

106.jpg Bronze Cosmetic Holder

112.jpg Rosetta Branch of the Nile

116.jpg Temple of Philae

118.jpg Anubis, God of the Lower World

120.jpg at the Head of The Red Sea

123.jpg the Cararact on The Aswan

128.jpg an Athlete Disporting on a Crocodile

131.jpg Modern Sphinx-like Face

137.jpg Method of Egyptian Draftsmanship

141.jpg Coin With the Heads of Soter and Philadelphus And Arsinoë

142.jpg Coin With the Heads of Soter, Philadelphus And Berenice

143.jpg Coin of ArsinoË, Sister Of Ptolemy II.

149.jpg a Typical Nile Pilot

153.jpg Page Image

157.jpg an Abyssinian Slave

160b.jpg Signs, Arms and Instruments from the Fifth Tomb

161.jpg Gate at Karnak

163.jpg Ruins of Sais

169.jpg Gateway of Ptolemy Euergetes at Karnak

175.jpg Coin of Ptolemy III.

176.jpg Coin of Berenice, Wife Of Ptolemy III.

187.jpg Temple of Hathor.

188jpg Coin of Ptolemy Philopater

189.jpg Coin of Arsinoe Philopate

196.jpg Roman Coin, Issued Under Ptolemy V.

201.jpg the Rosetta Stone (british Museum)

207.jpg Outside Rosetta

210.jpg a Desert Road Between Egypt and Syria.

212.jpg Tailpiece

215.jpg Page Image

219.jpg Temple of Hermonthis.

223.jpg Garden Near Heliopolis

227.jpg Temple of Apollonopolis

234.jpg the Apotheosis of Homer

235.jpg Hero's Rotating Steam Engine

237.jpg Coin of Ptolemy V.

241.jpg Temple of Hathor at Philae

242b.jpg Color Plate

249.jpg Obelisk at Heliopolis

254.jpg Nilometer at Rhodha

256b.jpg Suk El Saleh, Cairo

260.jpg Temple of Kom Ombo.

268.jpg Temple Portico at Contra-latopoli

274.jpg Coin of Cleopatra and Alexander

275.jpg Coin of Cleopatra and Alexander, With Eagles

276.jpg the Memnonium at Thebes

280.jpg Coin of Ptolemy Lathyrus and Selene.

287.jpg Horus on the Crocodiles. Bulak Museum.

289.jpg Religious Procession on the Nile

291.jpg Egyptian Funeral Ceremonies

293.jpg Mummy, Mummy-cases, and Casket

295.jpg Development of Egyptian Caricature

297.jpg the Mines of Maghara

309.jpg Vocal Statue of Memnon

312.jpg the Sphinx

314.jpg

314b.jpg Bearers of Evil Tidings

315.jpg Page Image

317.jpg Pillar of Pompey at Alexandria

333.jpg Ruins of Hermonthis

338.jpg Egyptian Picture of Cleopatra

346.jpg Coin of Cleopatra and Anthony

347.jpg Later Coin of Cleopatra and Antony.

351.jpg Greek Picture of Cleopatra

357.jpg Grand Column at Karnak

362.jpg Cleopatra's Needle.

364.jpg Graeco-egyptian Column