THE INVASIONS OF ENGLAND

By Edward Foord and Gordon Home

CONTENTS

CHAPTER PAGE
I. CÆSAR'S INVASIONS 1
II. THE CLAUDIAN INVASION AND THE ROMAN CONQUEST 30
III. THE ROMAN PROVINCE AND THE EARLIER TEUTONIC INVASIONS 58
IV. THE ENGLISH CONQUEST 85
V. THE VIKING RAVAGES 114
VI. ALFRED AND THE SAVING OF WESSEX 132
VII. THE CONQUEST OF THE DANELAW 152
VIII. LATER VIKING RAIDS AND THE DANISH CONQUEST 162
IX. THE INVASIONS OF 1066 177
X. CONTINENTAL INVASIONS 209
XI. SCOTTISH INVASIONS 223
XII. LATER SCOTTISH INVASIONS 249
XIII. THE SPANISH ARMADA 275
XIV. THE AFTERMATH OF THE ARMADA 312
XV. DE RUIJTER AND WILLIAM OF ORANGE 318
XVI. THE 'FIFTEEN' AND THE 'FORTY-FIVE' 332
XVII. FRENCH RAIDS, 1690–1797 344
XVIII. THE NAPOLEONIC DESIGN, 1804 351
  APPENDIX A.—THE SITE OF THE BATTLE OF ACLEA 357
  APPENDIX B.—THE ENGLISH AND SPANISH FLEETS IN 1588 357
  INDEX 363

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PRINTED SEPARATELY FROM THE TEXT
ADMIRAL MICHIEL ADRIAANSZOON DE RUIJTER Frontispiece
FACING PAGE
GAIUS JULIUS CÆSAR 17
CLAUDIUS I. 32
JOHN DUDLEY, VISCOUNT LISLE 213
A GREAT-SHIP OF THE REIGN OF HENRY VIII. 220
THOMAS HOWARD, EARL OF SURREY 261
KING JAMES IV. OF SCOTLAND 268
ADMIRAL PERO MENENDEZ DE AVILES 289
SIR FRANCIS DRAKE 304
LORD HOWARD OF EFFINGHAM 309
SIR JOHN HAWKINS 316
JAMES, DUKE OF MONMOUTH 321
WILLIAM OF ORANGE 336
PRINCE CHARLES EDWARD STUART 341
GENERAL LAZARE HOCHE 346
A HIGHLAND OUTPOST 348
PRINTED IN THE TEXT
PAGE
TYPES OF ROMAN SOLDIERS 10
A BRITON 15
A ROMAN TRIREME OFF DOVER 19
THE ROMAN WALL BETWEEN AESICA AND BORCOVICUS 55
ANGLO-SAXON WEAPONS IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM 95
A VIKING WARRIOR 115
THE OSEBERG DRAGON SHIP 118
SCANDINAVIAN WEAPONS IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM 121
IRON HAFTED BATTLE-AXE FOUND AT WINCHESTER 123
PLANKS TAKEN FROM A NINTH-CENTURY WAR VESSEL SUNK IN THE HAMBLE RIVER 133
AN ANGLO-SAXON WEARING A HELMET OF LEATHER STRENGTHENED WITH METAL BANDS 135
NORSE SHIP FOUND AT GOKSTAD 151
HORSES BEING LANDED FROM TRANSPORTS 189
WILLIAM'S FLAGSHIP, THE 'MORA' 189
THE ATTACK ON THE ENGLISH SHIELD-WALL AT HASTINGS 201
A VERY EARLY CAST-IRON BREECH-LOADING GUN 215
WROUGHT-IRON GUN FROM THE 'MARIE ROSE' 219
A BRASS CANNON ROYAL OF THE TIME OF HENRY VIII. 220
THE VIEW NORTH-WEST FROM FLODDEN FIELD 253
WEAPONS NOW PRESERVED IN BAMBOROUGH CASTLE 256
AN ENGLISH BILLMAN 262
A SCOTTISH PIKEMAN 265
BROWN BILL AND A BILL OF THE TIME OF HENRY VIII. 267
AN ELIZABETHAN MIDDLE-RATE GALLEON OR BATTLESHIP 281
IRON CANNON OF THE ARMADA PERIOD 290
BRASS DODECAGONAL SAKER OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY 296
A DUTCH TWO-DECKED BATTLESHIP 325
A HIGHLAND CLANSMAN OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 335
MARTELLO TOWERS ON THE SUSSEX COAST 362

MAPS AND PLANS

PAGE
CÆSAR'S TWO EXPEDITIONS TO BRITAIN IN 55 AND 54 B.C. 27
THE CAMPAIGN OF A.D. 60 AGAINST BOUDICCA 49
THE PASS THROUGH THE LAMMERMUIRS 101
BRITAIN FROM ABOUT 500-570 103
BRITAIN ABOUT 613 111
ENGLISH AND NORTHMEN AT THE DEATH OF ALFRED 149
THE FINAL STRUGGLE BETWEEN EADMUND II. AND CNUT 175
THE CAMPAIGN OF 1066 185
PLAN OF THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS 195
PLAN OF THE FLODDEN MANOUVRE 259
PLAN OF THE BATTLE OF FLODDEN 264
ORDER OF SAILING OF THE SPANISH ARMADA 297
THE DUTCH IN THE MEDWAY 322, 323





The ENGLISH LAKES

A Sketch Book

By Gordon Home

1 Langdale Pikes from a garden on Windermere [title]
2 Windermere from Bowness
3 Dove Cottage—Grasmere
4 Stone Circle near Keswick
5 Derwentwater from near Friar's Crag
6 Derwentwater from Borrowdale
7 Buttermere
8 Scale Force
9 Among the summits of the Fells
10 Ennerdale Water from Pillar Fell
11 Wastwater & The Screes
12 Clouds on Scafell
13 Styhead Pass
14 Mickleden & Rossett Gill
15 Ullswater from the summit of Helvellyn
16 Hawes Water & Harter Fell





STRATFORD-ON-AVON

A sketch-book

By Gordon Home

ILLUSTRATIONS

1 The Monumental Bust, Title-Page.
2 In the High Street.
3 Holy Trinity Church.
4 The Birthplace.
5 The Birth Room in Shakespeare's House.
6 The Guild Hall & Grammar School.
7 The Site of New Place & The Guild Chapel.
8 The New Place Panelling in the Falcon Hotel.
9 A doorway in Sheep Street.
10 The Memorial Theatre from the Church-yard Wall.
11 The Clopton Bridge.
12 The Corner of Ely Street.
13 In The Hall of The Harvard House.
14 Details of the front of Harvard House.
15 The Entrance to the Grammar School.
16 The approach to The Church porch.
17 In Holy Trinity Church.
18 Mason's Court, Rother Street.
19 In the garden of the Birthplace.
20 Seven gables of the Dower House.
21 Anne Hathaway's Cottage.
22 Anne Hathaway's, The garden view.
23 Anne Hathaway's Bed.
24 The Home of Mary Arden.





WINCHESTER

A Sketch-Book

By Gordon Home

DRAWINGS

1 The West Gate.
2 The City Cross in The High Street.
3 The West Front of The Cathedral.
4 The Cloisters of The Cathedral.
5 The Deanery & And Tower of The Cathedral.
6 The Close Gate.
7 The Norman Clerestory of The South Transept.
8 South-west Buttress of The Nave.
9 The Font in The Cathedral.
10 Norman Arches of The North Transept.
11 The Cathedral Nave.
12 South aisle of The Nave.
13 Chamber Court. Winchester College.
14 in The Cloisters. Winchester College.
15 St. Catherine's Hill.
16 St. Cross Church from The River.
17 A Window of St. Cross Hospital.
18 The Old Rectory in Cheesehill Street.
19 The Mill at The Foot of The High Street.
20 The Prentice.
21 God Begot House.
22 The Castle Hall from West Gate.
23 The Castle-hall & The Round Table.





YORK

A SKETCH-BOOK

By Gordon Home

SKETCHES

1 Fishergate Postern & the Mister [Title].
2 Micklegate Bar.
3 St. Mary's Abbey.
4 Courtyard of the King's Manor House.
5 Doorway of the Guildhall.
6 Stonegate.
7 The Minster from the North.
8 The North Transept of the Minster.
9 In the Choir of the Minster.
10 The Hall of the Merchant Venturers.
11 Clifford's Tower—York Castle.
12 St. Martin's Church—Coney Street.
13 The Shambles.
14 All Saints' Church. Pavement.
15 The last “Spur"” Porch.
16 Walmgate Bar.